Relationship between Greeks and Gods in Hippolytus
The play Hippolytus by the Greek playwright Euripides is one which
explores classical Greek religion. Throughout the play, the influence
of the gods on the actions of the characters is evident, especially when
Aphrodite affects the actions of Phaedra. Also central to the plot is
the god-god interactions between Artemis and Aphrodite. In this essay,
I hope to provide answers to how the actions of Hippolytus and Phaedra
relate to the gods, whether or not the characters concern themselves
with the reaction of the gods to their behavior, what the characters
expect from the gods, how the gods treat the humans, and whether or not
the gods gain anything from making the humans suffer.
Before we can discuss the play, however, a few terms need to be
defined. Most important would be the nature of the gods. They have
divine powers, but what exactly makes the Greek gods unique should be
explored. The Greek gods, since they are anthropomorphic, have many of
the same characteristics as humans. One characteristic of the gods
which is apparent is jealousy. Aphrodite seems to be jealous of Artemis
because Hippolytus worships Artemis as the greatest of all gods, while
he tends to shy away from worshipping Aphrodite (10-16). This is
important because it sets in motion the actions of the play when
Aphrodite decides to get revenge on Hippolytus. The divine relationship
between the gods is a bit different, however. Over the course of the
play, Artemis does not interfere in the actions of Aphrodite, which
shows that the gods, while divine, do have restrictions; in this case,
it shows the gods cannot interfere with each other. (1328-1330) The
gods are sometimes evil and revengeful, though, as can seen by what
Artemis has to say about Aphrodite: "I'll wait till she loves a mortal
next time, and with this hand - with these unerring arrows I'll punish
him." (1420-1422)
The relationship of mankind and the gods also needs to be discussed.
This relationship seems to be a sort of give-and-take relationship, in
part. The Greeks believed that if they gave to the gods, through prayer
and sacrifices, that the gods would help them out. This is especially
true of Hippolytus and his almost excessive worship of Artemis. Also,
Theseus praying to his father Poseidon is another example of this, only
The Greek gods were portrayed as humans, which meant that they were not perfect. That is, the gods made mistakes, felt pain (e.g. Aphrodite in love with the mortal Adonis), and succumbed to anger and their tempers (e.g.
...y Walkman costing around $200.00. Voyager I and II are launched and pictures from Voyager I shows Jupiter's rings. The first MRI scanner was tested in New York and the first snowboard was invented and tested. Video and arcade games were also released. The new technology allowed for new consumer products to exist.
In this shifting Greek society the cultural value that will experience the most dramatic shift is idealism. Fleming’s Arts and Ideas describes idealism as, “An idea or mental image that tries to transcend physical limitations, aspires toward a fulfillment that goes beyond actual observation and seeks a concept close to perfection” (55). Euripides begins his play with Dionysus describing the events that occurred until the present. Dionysus was a half-god, born of a human mother and Zeus; this is first example of the “ideal” being questioned. The fact that Dionysus describes himself as a god is the heaviest blow to the “ideal” however. Dionysus states on multiple occasions, “(I), appearing as a god to mortal men” (ln. 42), and “I was born a god” (ln.63). These statements reflect Dionysus’s ignorance to who he is, and the forgotten Greek sentiment of “know thy self”. It is not only the audience who recognizes that Dionysus is lacking the ‘ideal” attitude of a god but reasonable characters of the play will pick up on this as well.
With American citizens eating more natural food, their mental and physical health will be more at ease and the danger of consuming foods with possible allergens will no longer exist. If producers of natural foods begin to label their foods as non-GMOs, the issue will be resolved in a matter of weeks; however, waiting on the government to create a mandate for foods containing GMOs could take anywhere from three to ten years, depending on the importance of the topic, which would be a result of how popular the issue becomes among American citizens. Not only will America become healthier if GMO foods become labeled, but the long term effects of GMOs will no longer be an issue, and the planet will be cleaner with a decrease in the pollution of glyphosate and other sprays that are used to modify the foods when production of genetically modified foods goes down with their sales. Thus, consumer satisfaction will not be the only benefit from the labeling of
She places in people the desire to have sexual relations and causes fear in men of the power of seduction by women. Her marriage to her husband was ignored as she had affairs with immortal and mortal men. Her infidelity in her marriage places her on the side with Greek men, rather than Greek women because only Greek men were able to cheat on their wives; not the other way around. In conclusion, the three important rules discussed in this paper that Greek women were required to obey, can be seen in the myths of the goddesses Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite. Whether or not the Greek goddesses obeyed or did not obey these rules, their importance to the Greek culture is ever strong.
Gods are were seen interacting with mortal on numerous occasions. When Athena goes to Telemachus and to provide information about his father. Later, Telemachus thought about dismissing all suitors because Athena advised him to do so. It was kind of a friendly relationship sometimes between gods and mortals in the Odyssey. On Telemachus journey, Athena provided a lot of confidence into the prince. It gave Telemachus a sense of hope that his father was still out there. When there is hope there is always a way and that is what Athena gave to to him. Another interaction is when Odyessy made Poseidon upset. Poseidon is one of the Gods who holds a grudge against a mortal and had a negative impact during the journey. Odysseus killed Polyphemus, that is why Poseidon left Odysseus on an island before his return home. The relationship between Gods and Humans are similar between humans and humans. The only thing that is different is that Gods have the powers and ability to do
The gods in power, like Zeus, exhibit bias, dishonor, betrayal, deception, and many other humanly characteristics. One memorable scene is when Zeus and Poseidon are in conflict with each other over the Achaens versus the Trojans. Zeus controls the battle by “lifting the famous runner Achilles’ glory higher,” (Homer 13: 404). Zeus plays both sides in this scene, acting like a double agent which is dishonorable. Zeus’s bias is prevalent throughout the poem; specifically, he is “bent on wiping out the Argives, down to the last man,” (Homer 12: 81-82). Just like mortals such as Agamemnon and Achilles view each other with suspicion and intolerance, the gods experience identical emotions of wariness, anger, and irritation. This human-like behavior is not restricted to Zeus. Later in the text, Hera lies to Aphrodite to use her powers to manipulate her own husband Zeus. If one looks at Hera as a heavenly entity, her reaction may not make sense, but when it is viewed as a manifestation of human emotion, it become almost reasonable. Her scheming response to Zeus’s meddling with the war is spurred by her support for the Trojans. Hera’s manipulation and Aphrodite’s ego don’t stand alone as examples of this divine humanity. These instances suggest that the deities are being presented in this unique way to help explain behavior of the humans in The
The concepts of the gods and fate were created to explain things. In Ancient Greece there was a lot that was not understood; science was in its infancy and everything that happened could be explained by the will of the gods or fate. The gods were the height of power; they supposedly existed since the beginning of time. They were immortal, omnipresent and omnipotent. However, the different gods had different personalities. In this sense they were anthropomorphic. Having such mastery of the world would enable them to control man's behavior, as is shown in King Oedipus.
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“Gods can be evil sometimes.” In the play “Oedipus the King”, Sophocles defamed the gods’ reputation, and lowered their status by making them look harmful and evil. It is known that all gods should be perfect and infallible, and should represent justice and equity, but with Oedipus, the gods decided to destroy him and his family for no reason. It might be hard to believe that gods can have humanistic traits, but in fact they do. The gods, especially Apollo, are considered evil by the reader because they destroyed an innocent man’s life and his family. They destroyed Oedipus by controlling his fate, granting people the power of prophecy, telling Oedipus about his fate through the oracle of Apollo, and finally afflicting the people of Thebes with a dreadful plague. Fundamentally, by utilizing fate, prophecies, the oracle of Apollo, and the plague, the gods played a significant role in the destruction of Oedipus and his family.
Schiller was born on November 10, 1759 to Johann Kaspar Schiller and Elisabeth Dorothea Kodweiß in Marbach, Württemberg. His father was an officer and a surgeon in the army of the Duke Karl Eugen, and was often unable to visit his family due to his enlistment in the Seven Years’ War. At the young age of seven, Schiller aspired to have a career in the clergy. However, the Duke Karl Eugen insisted Schiller enroll in the elite Karlsschule, a military academy, to study medicine. Although he was able to differentiate himself from his classmates and achieve academic excellence, Schiller found the school to be oppressive, and secretly studied literature. A year after his graduation in 1780, Schiller completed and self-published his first play, Die Räuber, drawing the attention of Wolfgang Heribert von Dalberg, the director of the Mannheim National Theater. Because of the play...
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