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Pathology iron deficiency anemia
Pathology iron deficiency anemia
Pathology iron deficiency anemia
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Anemia is a disorder in which the body is lacking healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen to body tissues. There are approximately four hundred different forms of anemic disorders. There are three key causal factors of anemia: a significant blood loss, a decrease in the body's ability to make new red blood cells, or a disorder that causes the increased destruction of red blood cells. Anyone can acquire anemia at any time. Poor diet, abnormal hormone levels, some chronic diseases and pregnancy can bring about an anemic condition. A diet that is lacking iron, folic acid, or vitamin B12 can also contribute to the cause of anemia. The body requires the hormone erythropoietin to produce red blood cells. This hormone stimulates bone
Sickle Cell Anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder, which increases blood thickness hence affects the smooth flow of blood. This causes by the destruction of red cells where the normal shape of red cell become a stiff sickle shape. As a result, sufficient oxygen does not reach the vital organs. A vaso-occlusive crisis arises from hindrance of blood circulation by sickled blood cells. It is characterized by sturdy pains and in some cases; it may cause permanent organ damage. This paper seeks to formulate a nursing diagnosis, as well as a plan of care that includes nursing interventions and the methods to be used to evaluate whether the interventions are successful (American Sickle Cell Anemia Association).
Hypoxia is the sole physiologic stimulus for erythropoietin production, and an excess of oxygen suppresses its production but never completely.
Anemia is a disease that is commonly seen in veterinary medicine. This disease can be described as having low amounts of red blood cells and a reduced amount of hemoglobin in the circulating blood, which reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. It develops from loss, destruction or lack of production of red blood cells. Anemia is usually a secondary disease caused by another disease or medical condition. There are three different types of anemia; regenerative, non-regenerative and relative.
“Fighting Anorexia” and “cookie monster” are two different articles based on research by some group of psychiatrists that focuses on eating disorder, which in psychology is referred to as a mental illness. Anorexia nervosa is a mental condition that describes a person’s obsession with food and the acute anxiety over weight gain (Newsweek cover, 2005). This disorder is categorized by an individual’s phobia on what to eat and what not to eat; as a result, the person begins to starve his or her self just to avoid adding more weight. The article published on the “Cookie Monster” expatiate on a research that describes how food is being used by some individuals to change their mood (McCarthy, 2001). This research shows that individuals especially college students try to subdue their emotions through the use of sweets and cookies. To further understand of these two experimental research in both articles, some important questions will be answered below.
Anaemia, which is a low level of oxygen in the blood due to a lack of red blood cells or lack of haemoglobin heart failure, which means your heart is having problem pumping enough blood around your body, usually because the heart muscle has become too weak or stiff to work properly a problem with your heart rate or rhythm, such as atrial fibrillation.
There are many causes of anemia in the body. Some factors include genetics and deficiencies in the diet. Ms. A claims that for the past 10 – 12 years menorrhagia and dysmenorrheal have been a problem for her. Menorrhagia is abnormal and heavy menstrual bleeding during menstruation (Mayoclinic, 2013). Menorrhagia can deplete iron levels in the blood and increase the risk of an individual to have iron deficiency anemia. This is the cause of Ms. A’s anemia. Moreover, Ms. A says that she constantly takes aspirin especially in the summer to prevent stiffness in the joints. Aspirin affects and hinders the production of red blood cells (Mayoclinic, 2013). From the description of anemia given above, the lack of red blood cells, leads to low levels of iron and therefore low levels of hemoglobin which in turn affects the transportation of oxygen and thereby causing shortness of breath. Ms. A’s initial complains of shortness of breath and fatigue is the reason why she went to see the physician.
Sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder that is inherited from both parents in which the body produces abnormally shaped red blood cells. In sickle cell anemia, the hemoglobin in red blood cells links together; resulting in the red blood cells to become rigid and a C-shaped. These deformed cells block blood and oxygen flow in blood vessels. Sickle cells deteriorate quicker than normal red blood cells, which results in anemia.
Have you ever felt fat or self-conscious about the way you looked? These are questions that we may ask ourselves everyday, but anorexics ask themselves these questions every minute of everyday. Questions like this haunt an anorexic’s conscience and ruin the way she/he perceives herself/himself. Anorexia is a very dangerous mental illness because it has many life- threatening effects.
Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disease in mostly people of Mediterranean, African, or Southeast Asian heritage which occurs when a person inherits the genes for sickle hemoglobin(NHLB). Sickle cell anemia is named from the shape that the red blood cells take because they become a crescent/sickle shape. Normally these red blood cells are flexible and round, but with sickle cell anemia they become rigid and sticky(Mayo Clinic) This shape inhibits the normal functions of red blood cells and they also cause blockages in blood flow to the limbs. The signs and symptoms of the disease vary, ranging from mild symptoms to drastic and hospital inducing health problems. There currently exists no widely available cure for sickle cell anemia, but as time passes and more research is done it is hopeful that there will be a cure.
Blood transfusions allow for infected blood cells to be cycled out and replaced by fresh new blood cells in hope that hemoglobin levels will be restored within the body. When treating a person with liver disease it’s almost routine for them to experience several blood transfusions a month in order to help restore properly working blood cells back into their bodies. Blood transfusions are also a more structurally sound medical procedure when compared to several medications or radiation therapy alternatives, which can in turn cause a number of other problems. Another example of a disease that can be supported by the cycling of blood is Anemia. There several different types of anemia including aplastic, fanconi, hemolytic, and sickle cell anemia. The Mayo Clinic describes Anemia as “condition in which you don't have enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to the body's tissues”. Hematologists have been prescribing their anemia patients with several blood transfusions a month in hopes of training their bodies to make proper working blood cells once again. A study posted in the Journal of Palliative Medicine was conducted on 64 volunteer patients with several different forms of anemia to see if blood transfusions would benefit their hemoglobin values over a 15-day period. It turns out that 95 percent of the patients had some
The problem is that sickle cell anemia affects about 72,000 Americans in the United States. Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disease in which the body is unable to produce normal hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein. Abnormal hemoglobin can morph cells that can become lodged in narrow blood vessels, blocking oxygen from reaching organs and tissues. The effects of sickle cell anemia are bouts of extreme pain, infectious, fever, jaundice, stroke, slow growth, organ, and failure.
Iron is a mineral that is found the in hemoglobin of the Red Blood Cells. It facilitates in the transport of oxygen all over the body. Without this mineral, oxygen cannot be carried to its full capacity. 1 out of 10 women and small children have iron deficiencies. Lacking iron causes lethargy and a weakened immune system. Children who do not have an adequate intake of iron put themselves at risk for intellectual developmental problems. However, an iron deficient person is not necessarily anemic. 7.8 million women are iron deficient, while only 3.3 million women are anemic (http://www.mayohealth.org/mayo/9704/iron_def.htm). When the deficiency becomes so severe that the circulating Red Blood Count and the minerals Ht, Hg, and Hem drop below normal, anemia occurs (See Figure 1). The hormone androgen causes men and women to have different normal values of the hemogram (http://www.medstudents.com.br/hemat/hemat4.htm). Low ferritin (iron storage molecule) and high TIBC (tota...
Vitamin B12 deficiency is common in the United States and often responsible for anemia and neurologic symptoms, particularly in the elderly.
Red blood cells are carriers of oxygen. A percentage of these cells contain hemoglobin, which has the capacity to combine with iron. It's the iron-hemoglobin molecular structure that helps carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to your tissues and in return, delivers carbon dioxide back to the lungs to be expelled. A CBC with Differential that shows low red blood cell levels can indicate anemia. RBCs comprise about 40% of total blood volume; the RBC count is the number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter of blood (Rauen, 2012). Normal red blood cells values vary a...
Thalassemia is a blood disorder transferred through families. It occurs when the body makes less hemoglobin than needed or an unusual form of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carry oxygen. The disorder makes an excessive amount of destruction of red blood cells. This eventually leads to anemia.