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Essays on academic freedom
Essays on academic freedom
Essays on academic freedom
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The editorial “A Case of Discrimination” published in the New York Times claims the Supreme Court should rule in favor of Hastings College of Law over the student group Christian Legal Society. The authors state the college has always had a non-discrimination policy that applied to all student groups and required them not to discriminate to receive official recognition from the college. They argue that Christian Legal Society had previously adhered to this policy and then in 2004 began to ask members to sign a statement of faith. Due to this, Hastings College of Law derecognized the student group and they sued claiming a denial of their First Amendment rights. Hastings College of Law wrote their policy to conform to California state law, which makes it illegal for state funded post-secondary educational institutions to discriminate based on religion or sexual orientation. Therefore, Hastings College of Law decided it was illegal for their student groups to discriminate as well. The Ninth Circuit decided in favor of Hastings College of Law declaring their rules viewpoint neutral and reasonable (1). Although the claim appears logical, actual evidence in support of their argument is difficult to find. Thus, their conclusion is probably false, because a decision in favor of Hastings College of Law denies their student groups their First Amendment rights and ignores years of legal precedent.
The first leg of the editorial 's argument rests on Hastings non-discrimination policy covering all student groups equally, thereby achieving viewpoint neutrality. According to Hastings, their policy “permits political, social, and cultural student organizations to select officers and members who are dedicated to a particular set of ideals or bel...
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...istian groups (17??). French concurs with his opinion and describes it as a war for the right to have Christian leadership in Christian groups. The earliest case he cited describes an openly gay woman who sought to lead Tufts Christian Fellowship whose beliefs conflicted with hers. Other Christian groups on campus were more open, but she sought to lead and change the one group, which chose to exclude her based on beliefs. She did not win her fight because student groups have the right to choose with whom they associate. While colleges accept that environmentalists should lead environmental groups and Libertarians should lead Libertarians, religion appears to derail the rational thought process. A study done by the Institute for Jewish and Community Research in 2007 found most faculty admitted to strong negative outlooks towards evangelical Christians (17??). Therefor
http://www.firstamendmentschools.org/freedoms/case.aspx?id=41>. . N. p.. Web. The Web. The Web. 14 Jan 2014.
This example of a Supreme Court case shows that the court is not above politics. Even though most Americans, including government officials, practiced some form of Christianity, the judges were not willing to compromise the information in the Constitution for the popular beliefs of individuals. I agree with the Supreme Court in its decision to ban the practice of prayer in public schools. Not only does it violate the Constitution, but it encroaches on our freedom of thought and action. Being excluded from a public classroom because of personal beliefs does not sound just.
Although some like Conor Friedersdorf, of the Atlantic, categorized students as “intolerant bullies, (34)” meaning that the reasons for protests were not really reasons at all. Chang argues that the issues students are expressing need to be improved upon as if not, we will continue to go round and round in this vicious cycle. The addition of the apartheid in South Africa backs up Chang’s argument as there is a consensus of it being a serious issue. This explains why he included this piece of history and how it relates to college campuses. Encouraging critics to listen to students, just as Meyer did to those of color, is the only way to prevent today's youth from bring up the same issues in future years. Just as Chang predicted, the next school year brought protesters to hundreds of colleges and universities. What happened at Mizzou was just the beginning of a country wide movement for racial justice on campuses that hasn’t stopped
Her refusal causes confusion because of the technicality that it is interpreted as not following the law, but the law also shouldn’t cause her to act against her beliefs. Both the defendant and the plaintiff have rights that they feel are being stepped on. The similarities to the Brown v. Board of Education case is not only because it ended up going to the supreme court level, but because it is seen as a matter of equality even though it might be contrary to people’s religious beliefs.
Despite Fisher’s and her lawyers efforts, they could not prove discrimination in court. In 2009, a federal district court defended the university’s
In recent years, a rise in verbal abuse and violence directed at people of color, lesbians, and gay men, and other historically persecuted groups has plagued the United States. Among the settings of these expressions of intolerance are college and university campuses, where bias incidents have occurred sporadically since the mid-1980's. Outrage, indignation and demands for change are the responses to these incidents - understandably, given the lack of racial and social diversity among students, faculty and administrators on most campuses. Many universities, under pressure to respond to the concerns of those who are the objects of hate, have adopted codes or olicies prhibiting speech that offends any group based on race gender, ethnicity, religion or sexual orientation. That's the wrong response, well-meaning or not. The First Amendment to the United States Constitution protects speech no matter how offensive its content.
Clegg, expanding on the expense of discrimination towards scholars, displays how discrimination has a single benefit: diversity. Likewise, Abigail Fisher, plaintiff in the recent case Fisher v. University of Texas, has better grades than the average needed to gain admission for African-American and Hispanic students, yet was rejected from the University of Texas. Fisher, who is white, was forced to attend the l...
Constitutional issue relating to Freedom of Religion. Decision: Arguments were made on March 3, 1971. On June 28th, 1971, the Court unanimously (7-0) determined that the direct government assistance to religious schools was unconstitutional. Bridget Mergens-Mayhew vs. Case: Westside High School, a public secondary school that receives federal financial assistance, permits its students to join, on a voluntary basis, a number of recognized groups and clubs, all of which meet after school hours on school premises. Citing the Establishment Clause and a School Board policy requiring clubs to have faculty sponsorship, petitioner school officials denied the request of respondent Mergens for permission to form a Christian club that would have the same privileges and meet on the same terms and conditions as other Westside student groups, except that it would have no faculty sponsor.
In “Voices from the Margins: The regulation of Student Activism in the New Corporate University”, Elizabeth Brule analyzes how student codes of conduct are used to regulate student political advocacy on campuses in North America. Over the years, there has been an ongoing battle between student activists and institutional policies which regulate social justice advocacy work. Students continuously broadcast political views in an attempt to exercise constitutional rights of free speech. Some in which, have been sanctioned by respective educational facilities. More specifically, York University, Canada’s third largest public university, had its first Student Code of Conduct in 1970. The implementation of the code has emerged to be based on principles
Snider, M. A. (2004). Viewpoint discrimination by public unversities: student religious organizations and violations of university nondiscrimination policies. Wash. & Lee L. Rev., 61, 841
New Jersey has laws that prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation. Heterosexuals, homosexuals, transgender and bisexuals are all protected under the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination. In New Jersey it is against the law for you to be treated differently or denied the rights and privileges extended to others on the basis of sexual orientation. I also found it interesting that someone can’t discriminate against you if they think or believe that you may or may not be of a certain orientation. Which means that they can’t treat you differently because they perceive you as something that you are not.
For hundreds of years, racial discrimination has been occurring in our society affecting families and underprivileged kids. Therefore, the racial slurs and the actions towards one another is based off bias, where we grew up and how we were raised as a child individually. From past experiences, to our current lifestyle, there will always be a discriminate person or group protesting and starting new revolutions because of the hatred and undoing actions that have occurred in our past society. Racism and bias opinions are understandable because they derive from from a person’s cultural influences, exposure to dominant racial organizations, and the tendency to conform to expected stereotypes.
... and acknowledge dissimilarities. Prejudice, discrimination, and stereotyping have no place in the university, but rather than labeling people who partake in these acts as a racist, it would be in the university’s and student’s best interests to help educate one another on cultural diversity and further their intercultural praxes.
In the world today, racism and discrimination is one of the major issues being faced with. Racism has existed throughout the world for centuries and has been the primary reasons for wars, conflicts, and other human calamities all over the planet. It has been a part of America since the European colonization of North America beginning in the 17th century. Many people are not aware of how much racism still exist in our schools, workforces, and anywhere else that social lives are occurring. It started from slavery in America to caste partiality in India, down to the Holocaust in Europe during World War II.
This book is about racism and discrimination this story took place in southern Alabama . Racism is when some is not treated fairly . A form of racism is when blacks get beat for drinking out the Whits water fountain or when you are getting judge by your skin color ,and people do not get treated equally. Discrimination is like racism but you harassing or you keep messing with some one . An example of discrimination is saying a gay person can't come in a public place because they are gay that is discrimination .Discrimination in this book is when they was in court and they tried to day the black man raped the white lady.Racism in this story is how they treated the black in how call them niggers ,and the white people that love blacks they called