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The importance of masculinity in society
The importance of masculinity in society
Importance of masculinity
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Siavash Zohoori was out on his bicycle in Isla Vista, near the University of California Santa Barbara campus where he goes to school, when he saw people 20 feet from him go down. They had been shot during a drive-by perpetrated by Elliot Rodger, who, it was later revealed, had planned to target sorority members at UCSB to "punish" them for all the times he had been rejected by women. Six people died and 14 others were injured in Rodger's misogynistic attack.
Following the attack, Zohoori confided in his sociology professor Victor Rios, and the two discussed creating a project in response to the shooting. As details began to emerge about Rodger's misogynistic motivations, they decided to focus on masculinity for a project titled "Boys 'n' Guns: Masculinity in a Culture of Violence."
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Narrowing in on what it means to be masculine, he and others argue, could start addressing a number of other problems like hazing, stress, depression and even mass school shootings.
"The Single Most Important Factor"
"Working on a college campus for 27 years, I know there are a lot of men who want to help but no one's asked them to help," Chris Kilmartin, a psychology professor at the University of Mary Washington, said. "We cannot expect people to contribute to a culture of respect and inclusion if we don't teach them how to do it."
The fact that nearly all mass shootings are committed by men, save for a handful of incidents involving fewer people, reinforces his argument for the need to talk about masculinity, Katz said. That some deceased shooters left behind manifestos, which complain of not living up to society’s expectation of being a man and rejections from women, only adds to it.
"We have to talk about gender, it’s the single most important factor," Katz said. "If it wasn't, 50 percent [of mass shootings] would be done by
Tough Guise 2 began by illustrating the issues of de-gendering in news stories, articles and headlines regarding violent crimes. This would include stating “The shooter” or using some other generic phrase to describe the person who was the main cause of these crimes when, in fact, men are the leading cause of most of these crimes. De-gendering brings the issue away from just one gender and instead places it as a crime of a specific group, usually of age or race. The fact that we are constantly glossing over that most violent crimes are played out by men is probably one of the most important things touched on in this video.
The results reflect opinions from people in the general public who support his argument. The fact that he took the time to conduct these interviews shows that he is informed on the topic and is trying to gather credible information to support his argument. He also quotes social psychologist Robert Brannon’s four basic rules of masculinity in the text. This shows Kimmel took the time to research the topic and learned from the work of other researchers. The author acknowledges the expectations that society has for a man to be considered masculine but he does not think society should have these expectations. Kimmel does not reveal his masculinity or lack of in this essay, so we cannot be sure if his character influenced this writing. If he were extremely masculine he would probably be more likely to side with society’s views but if he were more on the feminine side he would be more likely to oppose society’s views. Kimmel has some credibility because of his use of interviews and surveys but lacks some credibility because of the lack of statistical data on this
Observing masculinity: Masculinity affects the lives of these boys, from the expectation of violence. Youth Demographics: Neighborhood with high violent-crime rates and had sibling or friends who had been previously involved with crime. (Punished: Policing the lives of Black and Latino boys, PG 14&17) The purpose is for society to have a depth understanding to how these young boys try, so that there not punished as youth; rather create opportunity and understanding rather than constraining
Men are looked at as brave, selfless people and are perceived as heroes all throughout society. Johnson addresses this point saying, “The idea of heroism, for example, has been appropriated almost entirely by patriarchal manhood. From movies and television to literature to the nightly news, our ideas of who and what is heroic focus almost entirely on men and what they do” (548). Since men have power in this world, they have generated a society that pleases them. Superhero movies are a huge money maker in today’s world. But, the most popular superheroes are exclusively men such as Batman, Superman, Captain America, The Flash and The Hulk. This media only feeds into the ideology that men are the heroes in the world and they are the ones making sacrifices for others. They see a world that appeals to them and do not see a reason to mess with the system. Kilbourne writes, “When power is unequal, when one group is oppressed and discriminated against as a group, when there is a context of systematic and historical oppression, stereotypes and prejudice have different weight and meaning” (499). Men now see patriarchy as natural and how life should be. They can look back at previous generations and see that they succeeded with patriarchy and feel they should do the same. Men see absolutely no reason as to why they should relinquish their position of
Jackson Katz is the founder of Mentors in Violence Prevention which is an education program that has been focused on military and sporting organizations in attempts to put a halt on gender violence. Other than being an educator, Katz is also an author and filmmaker. In 2013, he produced the film Tough Guise 2. In this film, Katz reviews the normalization of male jurisdiction in America. The film looks at the messages of gun violence, sexism, and bullying that are sent to men throughout their entire life. Tough Guise 2 argues the statement that male brutality is a rooted back to our cultural standards of manhood. A pivotal point of the film is that a male’s masculinity is not just handed to them, it must be earned. During the course of the film, this point is supported by examples such as gun violence, homophobic messages and mass shootings.
War has been a mainstay of human civilization since its inception thousands of years ago, and throughout this long and colorful history, warriors have almost exclusively been male. By repeatedly taking on the fundamentally aggressive and violent role of soldier, Man has slowly come to define Himself through these violent experiences. Although modern American society regulates the experiences associated with engaging in warfare to a select group of individuals, leaving the majority of the American public emotionally and personally distant from war, mainstream American masculinity still draws heavily upon the characteristically male experience of going to war. In modern American society, masculinity is still defined and expressed through analogy with the behavior and experiences of men at war; however, such a simplistic masculinity cannot account for the depth of human experience embraced by a modern man.
It imposes a consciousness that timidity is not a characteristic that men should have. In order to prove themselves, men usually attempt unhealthy and destructive acts to perform their courages and fearless, but these actions prone to suicidal and various other types of out of control or untouchable behaviors. Michael Kimmel states that, “ Men ages nineteen to twenty-nine are three times less likely to wear seat belts than women the same age”(Kimmel 468). Mr.Kimmel quoted a data to claim that young men assume safe driving as emasculation. As long as men are driving a car, using a seat bell means that they are afraid of injure or death. Beside those, it also represents this man cannot completely control his car; on the other hand, he is not masculine. Moreover, men have proclivity to violence. In “From Fly-Girls to Bitches and Hos” by Joan Morgan, she specifically argus machismo behaviors among Africa Americans. She wrote that “When brothers can talk so cavalierly about killing each other and then reveal that they have no expectation to see their twenty-first birthday, that is straight-up depression masquerading as machismo”(Morgan 456). As a consequence of overflowing reckless and brutal actions, black men are more easily motivated to perform their machismo by murdering each other. It obviously states a situation that due to the suggestion and guidance from man box, the concept of intrepidity and brave has been distorted. Masculinity in these men’s mind represents a willing to die as long as they have manifested no
Jensen provides evidence throughout the text for three assumptions on why masculinity must be terminated from pertaining to just males. It is proposed that masculinity is harmful for both men and women, that men are surrendering their humanity by conforming with masculinity, and
The movie, Tough Guise: Violence, Media and the Crisis in Masculinity produced by Jackson Katz and Jeremy Earp, deconstructs the concepts that create the social constructs of masculinity. Masculinity, a set of behaviors, roles, and attributes correlating to men, is earned, not given (Conley 190). Starting from television shows to children’s toys, the idea of masculinity has infiltrated their minds starting at a young age. Moreover, the concept of masculinity has physical attributes, such as muscles, a deep voice, and be able to protect themselves. Masculinity, for boys of any races, socioeconomic classes, or ethnicity, has grown up with the same stereotypical image of what a man should entail. Since many media outlets show that a form of masculinity
In the Macho Paradox Katz explores the issue of violence against women, but emphasizes the importance of men taking this issue personally and understanding its relevance for themselves and the women in their lives. Katz creates a personal connection to violence against women for the male audience of his book by emphasizing the statistical likelihood of them each knowing a survivor of violence. Katz uses the idea of knowing a survivor to make the issue of violence both personally relatable and relevant for men, with the intention of using this relatability as a catalyst for action and as a means of creating pathways for men to understand their importance as allies in the fight against gendered violence.
The documentary Tough Guise reveals that the cause of violence traces back to cultural codes on masculinity and societal expectations rooted from such codes. Prior to watching the documentary, it was difficult to understand how culture played a part in men’s violence—it was thought to be more of a natural phenomenon linked to men’s biological traits. The documentary, however, disproves this: men’s violence in America is “made” by the society, not “given”, and thus cultural implications should be explored to understand where the violence really comes from.
A raging, oncoming freight train is roaring down the tracks around a slight bend bearing towards a helpless, vulnerable damsel in distress that is tied to the railroad tracks with only seconds to spare. She only has one hope: Superman. Faced with this nearly impossible situation what does Superman do? Naturally, he jumps in front of the locomotive head-on, putting his life in danger, and stopping the train with a screeching halt just inches away from the young lady, of course. What could be more heroic or courageous than succeeding during a dangerous situation? Nothing. As Superman demonstrated, these situations present the chance for traits of masculinity to be displayed. Now, not all situations may possess the severity or extremity of the situation that Superman handled but in all situations that are somewhat perilous masculinity is often associated with the attributes brave, bold, muscular, virile, and forceful, as well as many more. Masculinity requires facing challenges head-on and defeating the dangers; no second guessing, no hesitation. Get the job done. In various short stories from Benjamin Percy’s book Refresh Refresh the male protagonist is always presented with dangerous situations to display his masculinity through his courageous actions. This is executed during multiple different situations, but is often the result of saving a female character. The male protagonist rises to the occasion when an opportunity presents itself, but often they are responsible for creating the dangerous situations. These stories seem to verify Germaine Greer’s view that she expresses in her work Masculinity that “Masculinity requires the creation of dangerous situations, actual or symbolic.” (898)
His attack on The École Polytechnique began in the nursing school. Lepine separated male and female students from each other. He shot nine female students at close range, calling his victims “a bunch of feminists.”
...on and/or mental health problems. Similarly, some men view their mental health as a weakness and choose to suppress their sickness; by doing so, worsening their condition. A great part of society still chooses to ignore the fact that men are susceptible. This could be a result of popular culture’s influence or mas media’s imposition but certainly it is a trend that has accompanied society for far too long. The world evolved and was able to change its view about women. Society was able to accept femininity in the workforce. Why are men still expected to be an impenetrable force of fortitude and valor? Society should reevaluate and seek to accept men’s weaknesses just as it accepted women’s strengths. This is not a call for pity; it is a call for transformation. Humanity needs to reassess what they previously associated with true manhood and masculinity and progress.
Santa Fe High School is the 22nd school shooting in America this year. On May 18th, 17-year old Dimitrios Pagourtzis walked into his school and killed 10 people and wounded an additional 13. Aside from the many excuses that were thought up so to explain why Pagourtzis would feel the need to massacure his peers, the news so often left out a key factor; the patriarchy. I won’t dive into the many layers of this systematic problem, not only in America but globally, but instead focus on how it is relevant in this particular case.