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Ethical decision making & moral judgment
Ethical decision making & moral judgment
Ethical decision making & moral judgment
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Mother Teresa once said "If you judge people, you have no time to love them.” Judgment is something we as humans inherently fear yet, we dare to impose it upon others. However, when people are at their utmost vulnerable there is no force greater that human compassion. I believe that like Mother Teresa we should all strive to judge less rather, we should help to alleviate the suffering of others. As a society, we often fail in our duty to help the poor, the hungry, and the foreign. Garrett Hardin was an ecologist and eugenicist known for his controversial and sometimes conflicting options. His article published in Psychology Today Magazine “Lifeboat Ethics the Case Against Helping the Poor” continues to be cited in college sociology books long
Hardin disagrees. The author presents the concept of a “world food bank” well-nourished countries would contribute and needy countries would be able to withdraw proportional to their need. Hardin feels that such a solution would cause the poor nations to become dependent. Later in the text he brings in the Chinses proverb, "Give a man a fish and he will eat for a day; teach him how to fish and he will eat for the rest of his days." This proverb hold true, provided one takes the time to show the man how to fish and provides him with the resources to continue fishing until he has funds to buy his own equipment. The man also has to be living, breathing, and in a sound mental state. A person cannot teach the man to fish if the man is on the brink of starvation or if the man is in an unhealthy mental state. While it is true that rich nations should refrain from fostering dependencies, it is important to remember that a nation cannot stand without feet. I grew up working in food banks. I have seen hunger, suffering, and the mental and physical ailments that come with such burdens. Those who suffer in this manner are ill-equipped to simply pick up agriculture in a three day class. The same truth applies to developing nations. The tenants of first world countries democracy, nourishment, safety for its citizens are not won in a day or even a year. It takes the long term
Hardin informs the reader that the ethical philosophies of Christianity and Marxism are inherently flawed because ethics have no place in survival. I argue that ethics are essential to human survival. Without ethical conduct a civilization would be impossible to maintain a code of conduct is what separates the early nomadic humans from civilized members of society. Such a concept can be found in the earliest of faiths and moral philosophies. The early pagan faiths believed in the sanctity of the individual being and that believers were being called to protect the wellbeing of their fellow man. The corporal works of mercy, a moral code practiced primarily in Catholicism, originates from the Jewish Mitzvah of Hospitality which states that all people are called to, “To feed the hungry, to give water to the thirsty, to clothe the naked, to shelter the homeless, to visit the sick to visit the imprisoned, or ransom the captive, and to bury the dead.” Protecting the lives of others is a concepts that is at least as old as written language. Hardin believes that such moral codes are an attempt to reconcile with the dream of ‘pure justice.’ “Clearly, the concept of pure justice produces an infinite regression to absurdity. Centuries ago, wise men invented statutes of limitations to justify the rejection of such pure justice, in the interest of preventing
Later in the essay, Hardin writes about the differences in the population growth between rich and poor nations. Poor nations multiply much more quickly than richer nations. The essay then goes on to explain what the consequences would be of setting of a national food bank. It explains that only the rich nations would be able to contribute to the food bank and the poor nations would only draw. This would only add to the problem of the poor nations as they would have no desire to save of food for themselves since they know they will be taken care of anyways. Giving poor nations food would be bad a...
One issue that we discussed in “Lifeboat Ethics” and in “A Modest Proposal” is whether or not the rich should help the poor and if the poor can contribute anything to society. Garrett Hardin and Jonathan Swift have different views on whether or not people should help the impecunious. Hardin, who has only been rich and never been poor, believes the starving don’t deserve help because it’s their fault that they are poor and that they are a waste rather than view them as assets. Swift, who has been rich and poor, believes that the poor can be salvageable and that the poor have a better chance at improving themselves.
Moral obligation in Peter Singer’s Famine, Affluence, and Morality in contrast to John Arthur’s World Hunger and Moral Obligation: The case against Singer
In the essay “Spare Change”, the author, Teresa Zsuaffa, illustrates how the wealthy don’t treat people facing poverty with kindness and generosity, but in turn pass demeaning glares and degrading gestures, when not busy avoiding eye contact. She does so by writing an emotional experience, using imagery and personification whenever possible to get to the reader’s heart. Quite similarly, Nick Saul writes, in the essay “The Hunger Game”, about how the wealthy and people of social and political power such as “[the community’s] elected representatives” (Saul, 2013, p. 357) leave the problem of hunger on the shoulders of the foodbanks because they believe “feeding the hungry is already checked off [the government’s] collective to-do list” (Saul,
Singer, Peter. “Famine, Affluence, and Morality.” Current Issues and Enduring Questions. 8th ed. Eds. Sylvan Barnet and Hugo Bedau. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2008. 7-15. Print.
In Garrett Hardin’s “Lifeboat Ethics: The Case against Helping the Poor, Hardin argues that you should not help the poor because there are limited resources and if the poor continue to seek help they will continue to overpopulate, disrespecting all of limits. Hardin supports his argument by using the lifeboat metaphor while trying to convince the rich not to lend a helping hand to the poor. In the lifeboat metaphor Garrett Hardin uses the upper class and the lower class people to give us a visual of how the lifeboat scenario actually works. Along with the lifeboat metaphor, Hardin uses the tragedy of commons, population growth, and the Joseph and Pharaoh biblical story to persuade the readers.When reading “Lifeboat Ethics: The Case against
Winter, Gibson. Address. "Religious Social Ethics in a Postmodern World." Temple University, Philadelphia, 22 March 1995.
Hardin presents “lifeboat ethics” which is a metaphor for the gaps between the rich and the poor. Imagine a lifeboat: only a fifty people can fit inside. The people in the boat are the rich while the surrounding sea represents the poor people. The poor being placed in the sea represents them drowning in poverty. About ten more people could possibly fit into the lifeboat, making the maximum capacity of the boat sixty, ignoring the safety factor
Hunger and poverty will always exist. Many needy nations are stuck in a black hole, in which, there is no light at the end of the tunnel. This situation could be fixed, if the poor nations had a little help or assistance. Is it morally good for the better off nations to help or support those who are in need? Who benefits from this sponsorship in the long run? Poverty-stricken nations could seek relief if the silk-stocking nations aid in supplying goods. Many of the moneyed nations are torn between helping or not those who are less fortunate. Jonathan Swift and Garrett Hardin have two very different opinions on whether to aid those who were not born into riches. Swift uses a satire for the low-income nations of eating and using offspring
Pogge, Thomas Winfried Menko, and Keith Horton. "Famine, Affluence and Poverty." In Global ethics: seminal essays. St. Paul, MN: Paragon House, 2008. 1-14.
It was created with the idea that it would help end hunger for people in the poorer countries. Actually, it does the opposite as Hardin points out, “If poor countries received no food from the outside, the rate of their population would be periodically checked by crop failures and famines. But if the poor can always draw on a world food bank in time of need, their population can continue to grow unchecked, and so will their ‘need’ for aid.” (588). The problem begins then with more people needing help and taking from the foodbank without replenishing it the supply. Hardin states that, “People will have more motivation to draw from it than to add to any common store. The less provident and less able will multiply at the expense of the abler and more provident, bring eventual ruin upon all who share in the commons.”
The implementation of this new ethical paradigm allowed for Abrahamic societies to link their belief in God to common social values and responsibilities (Stark, 2001). The approach which Judaism, Christianity and Islam each take toward these common social values and responsibilities displays which values are held highest in each religion. Despite differences in each religion’s approach, common themes exist. The role of justice and forgiveness in each religion displays a common belief that man’s nature is to stray from God’s justice, but that man can ultimately connect with the divine through the contemplation and understanding of what is good and right.
Religious texts have been one of the main sources for laws and social customs since the conception of organized religion. Each religious text provides its followers with a code of conduct they are expected to apply to themselves, their actions, and their institutions. This code of conduct applies to the individual, as well as to the government and society to within which the people exist, and ultimately defines what a "just society" is in the context of that religion. Using stories and proverbs this code of conduct, and thus "just society", is not only set, but also shown in examples. In The Bible, the essence of a "just society" is laid out within passages that serve as "the laws", including Deuteronomy, and the Psalms, and in the stories, such as the stories of Job, David, Samuel, and the Family of Adam. The actions and nature of God in these stories are meant to be an example of the values and personality favored by God. In these passages, a structure for a just society is presented, and the values and examples, which are to be referred to and followed in the creation of this "just society", are discussed. However, even within these passages, there are discrepancies between the structure of the ideal "just society" and its values, and the following of these examples by the stories presented in The Bible. One of the most noticeable of these is the difference between the presentation of the ideal "just society" and values that are supposed to be implemented by the people, and the actual justice and values presented in the stories. This is particularly pertaining to the stories of the rulers appointed by God, and the vengeful nature of God himself presented in these stories.
The belief that morality requires God remains a widely held moral maxim. In particular, it serves as the basic assumption of the Christian fundamentalist's social theory. Fundamentalists claim that all of society's troubles - everything from AIDS to out-of-wedlock pregnancies - are the result of a breakdown in morality and that this breakdown is due to a decline in the belief of God. This paper will look at different examples of how a god could be a bad thing and show that humans can create rules and morals all on their own. It will also touch upon the fact that doing good for the wrong reasons can also be a bad thing for the person.
Danielle Knight stated that “The true source of world hunger is not scarcity but policy; not inevitability but politics, the real culprits are economies that fail to offer everyone opportunities, and societies that place economic efficiency over compassion.” The author is trying to say that, basically, world hunger is mainly caused by us humans. The world is providing more than enough food for each and every one of us on earth according to the report - 'World Hunger: Twelve Myths'. The problem is that there are so many people living in the third world countries who do not have the money to pay for readily available food. Even if their country has excess food, they still go hungry because of poverty. Since people are mistaken by “scarcity is the real cause of this problem”, governments and institutions are starting to solve food shortage problems by increasing food production, while there really is an excess of food in some countries. Although the green revolution was a big success globally, hunger still exists in some countries. The author stated, “Large farms, free-markets, free trade, and more aid from industrialized countries, have all been falsely touted as the ‘cure’ to end hunger”. All of those are used to promote exports and food production, it doesn’t increase the poor’s ability to buy food he says. What the government really should do is to balance out the economy, and let more people earn more money to buy more foods.