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Environment influences human behavior
Environment influences human behavior
Analyse some proposed effects of environmental factors on personality
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Summary
Karen Horney writes from the book Neurosis and Human Growth: The Struggle Toward Self-Realization starts with the notion that Neurosis starts in the environment, during childhood when the child endures an harsh and unstable environment. In order to deal with this hostile environment the child develops defense mechanisms which the child moves toward people, moves against people, and last the child moves away from people. At the same time the person develops a behavior where he or she creates an idealized image of his or her self. Meaning him or her personality and behavior are basic off of all kinds of attributes, talents and qualities. This is how individual mainly imagined how they should be, which he or her tries to live up to. The
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We allowed our environment to shape and mode our behavior, attitudes and thought patterns. What happens when an individual’s environment has a child does not have balance in his or her life? Karen Horney explains the effect of not having balance. My perception of Karen Horney’s Neurosis and Human Growth: The Struggle Toward Self-Realization is that when children are not giving the proper care for and encourage to grow or are to achieve an aim in life. The individual builds an imaged perception of them self. The attribute or personality of the individual leads to him or her to operate accordingly to what they think they should be. Thus the neurosis affects the personality but then again the individual acts less than a psychosis. He or she can make rational decision and has a grab on reality. These are the qualifications of a Neurosis. Horney’s concept of this is displayed thought out her book. The meaning behind this paper is to demonstrate how well I comprehend Horney’s theory of …show more content…
The problem with ideal self is that the individual is the only one that can change the prospection that he or she has creative. Karen Horney (1950) explains more with this statement The energies driving toward self-realization are shifted to the aim of actualizing the idealized self. (pg24) Therefore the person leaves reality to go to fantasy world. Karen Horney’s theory on neurotic claims from chapter 2 was the only chapter that I couldn’t get into. I understand that in a neurotic claims that I individual creates a fantasy world where everything is not what it same but at some point in time fantasy has to stop and reality has to take over. And this is why I disagree with chapter 2 Neurotic
As every child grows up in a different environment, not all have a safe one to grow up in and as a result everything that surrounds them becomes apart of the clarity that their mind incorporates and becomes apart of that child 's behavior of way. In terms of brain development children or teens often listen, and see what is around them, it is also said, by researchers of the National Institute of Health, that in recent studies that were made that in teen years massive loss of brain tissue...
Sigmund Freud provides a concept of how a person’s personality is structured and to have a healthy personality requires a balance in the interaction between the id, ego, and superego. Bandura’s theory of observational learning plays a vital role in the persons conditioning process. By understanding the basis of observational learning that includes modeling, disinhibition, and trolling, one can recognize the different types of reinforcements that contribute to how one learns and then behaves in situations throughout their life. The experience and knowledge of self-discovery comes gradually without an instantaneous impact. Although, moments of true realization can give one a release from past insecurities, doubt, and shame just to name a few. Such realizations can change how one views or feels about their past, which includes their choices, successes, failures, and the different relationships they have had from birth to the present. In conclusion, one should invest in getting to know their own personality to educate themselves and receive the benefits of a healthy state of mental
Freud defines the conscious mind as the part that has recent memories of experience and that can be remembered. The unconscious mind being the one that stores experience that an individual wishes to forget. He further identifies three levels of the unconscious mind that play a role in personality. The id, this is the first level that deals with the pleasure principle. I view the id as an individual’s fantasy. The super ego, being the morality principle. I think that the super ego does not play much of a role in personality but can be viewed as the neutral point. The ego, this is the level that deals with the reality principle. I would label this part of the brain as the reality. I also believe that the ego plays an important role in helping distinguish the reality that we live in from the fantasy that we wish to live in. An example to further explain this is the photography professions. A photographer could be a person that is obsessed with sexual activities as to try and satisfy their sexual fantasies. This individual find appropriate ways to satisfy their fantasies through the artistic work that they do for example, a nude photo shoot, of which is seen as appropriate in other
Psychosocial development throughout the Life Cycle theory (sometimes known as individual development theory) proposes that each individual has the ability to master their environment at all stages of life (Coady & Lehman, 2008; Hutchison, 2008). The theory had its beginnings in Freud’s psychosexual stages of child development; however Erikson is responsible for laying the groundwork for the theory as it is known today, by proposing an epigenetic model of human development (Hutchison, 2008).
Sigmund Freud was one of the most iconic psychologist in the twentieth century. He developed various theory in the field of psychology. Although, some of his work is outdated, his impact on the field is still strongly felt. One of his theory that he put forward was the belief that a person’s personality was set in childhood, along with the idea that if someone tried to analyze the psyche of a person, they’ll put up barriers, or defense mechanism, to “lie” to themselves. Freud’s work on the psychoanalytic is still used to treat depression and various anxiety disorder.
In this essay I intend to discuss two psychological theories of development; The psychodynamic approach and the behavioural approach. In order to do this, I will outline each theory and explain how it accounts for psychological development, health and behaviour of the individual. In addition to this, I will explain how an understanding of these theories relates to care and would help a care professional to support an individual in a care setting.
Neo-Freudian psychologists were people who were heavily influenced by Freud in their theories. These psychologists studied Freud’s theories in depth and later came to somewhat reject his views. They adapted portions of his theories, but changed certain aspects of his views to make it fit their personal beliefs and studies. Karen Horney was one of the more popularized Neo-Freudians of her time and still remains as one of the most famous ones in history. Her theories questioned some traditional Freudian views. This fact was very true of her theories of sexuality and of the instinct orientation of psychoanalysis. Horney is also credited with the founding of Feminist Psychology in response to Freud’s theory of penis envy. She disagreed with Freud about inherent differences in the psychology of men and women, and she traced such differences to society and culture rather than the specific biology of the men and women. Basically, she was stating that the psychological differences stemmed from their environmental surroundings and not by their genetic makeup. The friends, family, and acquaintances along with the lives they grew up with affected their psychology. Every human being possesses a different psychology in some way. Freud claimed that the psychology of men and women differed because of their biological “build,” but Horney was more of a believer in the effect of the environment and the people around the individual in the effect of the psychological status. Men might share similar psychological mindsets with other men, but not simply because they are men. Horney argued that the similarities were drawn because of their similar families and lifestyles. Karen Horney was an influential Neo-Freudian and her theories would stand the test ...
Klein and Fairbairn are both object relations theorists who believed that early object relations significantly influence one’s development and personality. While they have this main commonality, they each have their own conceptualizations about healthy development, as well as the origins of psychopathology. The following paragraphs will attempt to first reiterate some of the major postulates of their theories and their notions of normal development, and then attempt to explain how they understand the emergence of neurosis.
Undoubtedly, humans are unique and intricate creatures and their development is a complex process. It is this process that leads people to question, is a child’s development influenced by genetics or their environment? This long debate has been at the forefront of psychology for countless decades now and is better known as “Nature versus Nurture”. The continuous controversy over whether or not children develop their psychological attributes based on genetics (nature) or the way in which they have been raised (nurture) has occupied the minds of psychologists for years. Through thorough reading of experiments, studies, and discussions however, it is easy to be convinced that nurture does play a far more important in the development of a human than nature.
I can agree with most of what Horney said about neurosis being based of cultural circumstances. Her upbringings were the main focus on her theories. She developed them based on personal experiences and not on what her patients felt. I do realize that some people cope to certain situations such as anxiety based on habits, as she describes the defense mechanisms. I’m certain that people with the similar childhood as her, with a distant family, is more likely to relate to her theories. Based on my personal experiences, I was able to relate with most of Freud’s theories. To be more specific, I agree with the theory of the defense mechanisms and the conscious and unconscious. I have detected these mechanisms used by a numerous amount of people. Individual suffer from anxiety and releases their stress on other as Freud descried in the method of displacement. I have personally used sublimation and release my anger in healthier activities such as sports. Sigmund Freud applied the physical science and created a theory to help us understand the reactions by individuals to certain
Horney’s theory focuses on neurosis and the ideal self of the individual. Her theory plays an important role in the development of an individuals personality and can be applied to the film Precious directed by Lee Daniels. The film is based on an African-American teenager girl who lives in Harlem with her abusive and ruthless mother as well as the mothers revolting boyfriend. The role of the mother plays a significant role in Precious’ personality development and will be discussed further in the essay with regard to Horney and the following aspects of; social and cultural conditions, basic anxiety and basic evil, neurotic needs, coping strategies and the ideal self vs the despised self.
The two theories that will be discussed throughout this paper are Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development and Erik Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development. The major themes and concepts of the two theories share both differences and similarities. Specific emphasis will be placed on the earliest years of life and will also be related to separation, individuation, and attachment theory. Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development focuses on the concept of schemas and cognitive thought that helps an individual organize knowledge and understand the world, in comparison to Erikson’s theory which focuses on conflicts that arise between and within the ego. Accommodation and assimilation occur throughout Piaget’s theory as a result of children changing their schema to adapt.
Karen Horney: Her Life and Work. Karen Horney, a psychoanalyst perhaps best known for her ideas regarding feminine psychology, faced much criticism from orthodox Freudian psychoanalysts during her time. Robert Sternberg said that creativity is always a “person-system interaction” because many highly creative individuals produce products that are good, but that are not exactly what others expect or desire. Thus, creativity is only meaningful in the context of the system that judges it.
Our ideal self is who we wish to be, and the real self is who we are. When there is an imbalance between who we want to be and who we are, a person can develop defense mechanisms to try to alter the real self (McLeod, 2007).
In the study of child development, nature and nurture are two essential concepts that immensely influence future abilities and characteristics of developing children. Nature refers to the genetically obtained characteristics and abilities that influence development while nurture refers to the surrounding environmental conditions that influence development. Without one or the other, a child may not develop some important skills, such as communication and walking. The roles of physiological and psychological needs in a person’s life are also crucial for developing children. Humanistic psychologist, Abraham Maslow, suggested that humans don’t only aim towards survival, but also aim towards self-actualization (Rathus, P. 94).