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William Shakespeare's influence on modern day
The drama of Shakespeare
Shakespeare's influence on modern culture
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Hamilton: An American Musical, the spellbinding play by Lin-Manuel Miranda, nominated for a record breaking sixteen Tony Awards and winning eleven. How have they gotten their success? It doesn't only consist of an amazing sore and script, actors can make or break a musical/play. What makes Hamilton: An American Musical revolutionary is not only the talent and experience of the cast its the background and races of the cast. Though all the characters are white, the main actors are all different races. The founding fathers and mothers of the United States are played by an assortment of African Americans, Asians, Hispanics, Pacific Islanders, Puerto Ricans, and Caucasians. 2016-17 has proved to be a very diverse year for Broadway, with revivals …show more content…
In 1828, Thomas “Daddy” Rice invented the black character Jim Crow. Rice danced around and sung a song called, Jump Jim Crow, he played this character himself and blackened his face to appear darker (Burns). Word got around about Rice’s spectacle and soon Blackface was all the rage. Blackface wasn’t created to mock African Americans, but was used as a way to mock them without having to fear a punishment (University of South Florida). Minstrel Shows began soon after Blackface, these types of show were adopted around the year 1850 (Burns). “Between 1850 and 1870, the minstrel show was one of the most common and popular for entertainment in American,” (Burns). No one could seem to get enough of the plays and there were many minstrel shows around the world. America was the capital of minstrel shows through this 1850-1870 timeline. Minstrel Songs were inspired by Anglo-Celtic songs, but the way they were presented was mocking African American (University of South Florida). Minstrel songs were usually made by African Americans, though the white playwright got payed (Muhammad). The earliest forms of minstrelsy all shared three stereotyped images of African Americans that they are more like caveman then civilized humans, African Americans are stupid, buffoonish clowns, and that African Americans only want to be working on the farm or in a “rural paradise” of some sort …show more content…
The Shakespearean play Othello normally used black face to create the lead character, Othello, who was Muslim (Simpson). Paul Robeson played Othello in the 1943 version of the classic, it was a very deep and heavy role and was very influential for African Americans at the time (Simpson). Robeson began acting in a local all-black production in Harlem and was soon hired for bigger production and eventually hired for London’s production of Othello, he was unsatisfied with his performance (Simpson). After his London role of Othello, he was hired to have an encore of the role (Simpson). Breaking barriers for the second time as an African American man playing a role mainly white people had played until his time (Simpson). Othello was a very brave and bold character he had problems with jealousy and keeping his temper and this would lead to the downfall of him (Simpson). Considered one of the most influential African American plays, A Raisin in the Sun is the amazing play by Lorraine Hansberry (Simpson). This Musical is about an African American family whose father dies and leaves an inheritance (Simpson). The family soon moves into an entirely white neighborhood and the story is about how they cope with money, heritage, and the difference of white and black culture (Simpson). The characters consist of Walter Lee Younger the
This year’s last word in speeches was first presented in 1790. In August of 2015, Lin-Manuel Miranda’s hip-hop musical Hamilton (as in founding father Alexander) opened on Broadway. One of the musical’s most memorable moments, “Cabinet Battle #1,” includes arguments from both Hamilton — then Secretary of the Treasury — and his frequent political rival, Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, persuading Congress to vote for or against Hamilton’s proposal of a national bank. For its presentation to an assembly and consideration of the most advantageous course of action, “Cabinet Battle #1” is a pair of deliberative speeches. They’re also, by the way, a rap battle. Though the speeches’ content is rooted in centuries past and the delivery is timestamped with today, the rhetorical strategies defined by Aristotle are as present in Miranda’s lyrics as they would have been in Jefferson
Minstrel shows were developed in the 1840's and reached its peak after the Civil War. They managed to remain popular into the early 1900s. The Minstrel shows were shows in which white performers would paint their faces black and act the role of an African American. This was called black facing. The minstrel show evolved from two types of entertainment popular in America before 1830: the impersonation of blacks given by white actors between acts of plays or during circuses, and the performances of black musicians who sang, with banjo accompaniment, in city streets. The 'father of American minstrelsy' was Thomas Dartmouth 'Daddy' Rice, who between 1828 and 1831 developed a song-and-dance routine in which he impersonated an old, crippled black slave, dubbed Jim Crow. Jim Crow was a fool who just spent his whole day slacking off, dancing the day away with an occasional mischievous prank such as stealing a watermelon from a farm. Most of the skits performed on the Minstrel shows symbolized the life of the African American plantations slaves. This routine achieved immediate popularity, and Rice performed it with great success in the United States and Britain, where he introduced it in 1836. Throughout the 1830s, up to the founding of the minstrel show proper, Rice had many imitators.
Hamilton beloved by a large range of people, from children to the elderly even hip-hop fans and history buffs alike as it tells the complicated relationship of our founding fathers. The use of hip-hop music was a genius idea because it brought in a new audience into the world of musical theatre. It extended the range of the audience to those who have a preference for modern music like hip-hop. The greatest part was the cast diversity in the musical. The original cast were not white men and women, but instead there was Puerto Rican, Hispanic, Asian-American performers that were deliberately chosen. This was most likely done to bring in a larger audience and make the characters look more human than they appear to be. Aaron Burr was no longer a cold prodigy involved with creating our country, but a man who had strong ideas, grudges, and a romantic side. Alexander Hamilton was now a person who came from rags and made many mistakes in his life. Once people saw this they could relate to the characters hardships and accomplishments. This musical expanded the capabilities of storytelling in theatre that our forty-fourth president’s first lady, Michelle Obama complimented the cast greatly, saying it is the best art she has
Many actors throughout the centuries have performed William Shakespeare’s Othello, both on stage and in film. A few famous actors to have played Othello include Richard Burbage, Edmund Kean, Ira Aldridge, Orson Welles, James Earl Jones, and Laurence Fishburne (Arogundade). Othello was described as a Moor by Shakespeare, despite this, Othello was usually performed by white actors that would wear blackface makeup. Not only were women not allowed to perform in theatre, neither were African-Americans. However, one of the first African-Americans to perform on stage was Ira Aldridge. Ira Aldridge was the first African-American man to perform as Othello, presumably making Aldridge one of the most iconic actors to have portrayed Othello. Although there have been dozens of famous portrayals of Othello, Ira Aldridge was one of the most illustrious actors to have played Othello because of his early life, previous acting jobs, and the risks he took to play Othello, in spite of how critics reacted in his time.
In the personally written introduction to her play, Sears locates and comments upon a recognizable ideological gap. In 1965, Othello was produced with a white actor, Laurence Olivier performing the role of the titular character in black face. This event is what Sears says she writes Harlem Duet in direct response to; her play is an exorcism, to purge this event from her memory. There has historically been a long tradition of white people performing Blackness on the stage and in film. Needless to say, this is problematic for so many reasons. Black people became a costume, and performances actively worked to belittle the intelligence and capability of people of African descent. White people inserting themselves into Black roles had been common practice; in the 60s black actors were simply not cast in theatrical roles. Even now, as it is socially acceptable for Black actors to be cast in the role, Othello still haunts the racial climate of the theatre as a Black man commits violent atrocity of murder against a white woman. The story itself feeds into and reinforces a cultural/racial narrative about the threat that Black men pose against white women. In the original presentation of Othello, Shakespeare wrote Othello as a Moor. This signifies some sort of Other figure, someone who is distinct from the original European audience. It is within this racial tension where Sears locates the “gap” for her adaptation to occupy. She changes the character’s names to some extent, and takes a few of them off the stage entirely. Desdemona is written as a white woman, and her name is changed to Mona, but she is never seen as completely on the stage. It removes Mona from the equation, and reorients the story to focus solely on a new character named Billie, Othello’s first wife, and a highly intelligent explicitly Black woman. The play takes place at the corner of Malcolm X and Martin
Blackface minstrelsy became a popular form of entertainment in the early nineteenth century. Predominately, minstrel shows were performed to crowds of white working class men, by white actors who would use burnt cork, or shoe polish to blacken their skin and would create racist stereotyped characters of black people. These characters functioned to instill conceptions of white superiority into popular culture whilst at the same time oppressing black society. The characters invented were often portrayed as childlike, unintelligent and dependent on the civilisation of white society in the form of slavery. By examining the changes that minstrelsy underwent during the nineteenth century, the function that the racist stereotypes performed will become evident.
Blackface characters made their appearance in minstrel shows by the late eighteenth century as minor roles in the plot or scene. An increase in blackface shows led to the creation of the "Sambo" character, played by white actors like George Washington Dixon, Edwin Forrest, and Charles Mathews. Music within black culture was emphasized throughout the shows, especially with Thomas Dartmouth Rice's "Jump Jim Crow," that increased the popularity of minstrel shows even more. Minstrel shows became a stro...
Lin Manuel Miranda is mainly known for his musical contributions to Broadway, which includes In The Heights and, most famously, Hamilton. Hamilton is a revolutionary musical about the founding father, Alexander Hamilton. Manuel Miranda has inspired and taught many people, including me, about the history of the United States, while joining hip-hop and Broadway. I look up to Lin Manuel Miranda’s musicality, being a musician myself, and I aspire to be as great of a musician as him. His lyrical brilliance and interpretation of history educates me each time I listen to Hamilton. It has changed my perception of history. Lin Manuel Miranda has changed the world of music forever, and he has taught me to never throw away my shot.
Minstrel shows were one of the most integral parts of entertainment in the United States during the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. Audiences at that time liked blackface comedy due to segregation, and racial discrimination in the society. Due to wide varieties of caricatures, dances, and songs, minstrel shows gained popularity within a short span of time. In minstrel shows, white people masked themselves as black people, and portrayed exaggerated black stereotypes, which dehumanized black population. The racist comedy gags and dances performed by artists in minstrel shows were hilarious for white audiences back then. Blackface comedy conveyed the sense of eliteness and supremacy among white audiences
Orkin, Martin. “Othello and the “plain face” Of Racism.” 2nd ed. Vol. 38. N.p.: n.p., n.d. 166-88. Shakespeare Quarterly. Folger Shakespeare Library in Association with George Washington University, Summer 1987. Web. 12 Mar. 2014. .
The collapse of slavery after the Civil War sent social and political shockwaves throughout America. Within four bloody years the cemented concept of slavery was suddenly destroyed, but the ideology of white superiority over blacks remained throughout the country. The minstrel shows were a direct result of this surviving ideology and it reinvigorated the discrimination towards blacks. The shows were comedic acts starring blacks that slandered their demeanor and behavior through satirization. These shows saw the most prominence in America during the mid 19th century and were performed across the nation. The minstrel shows and entertainment industry reflected the widely accepted the social differences of the time between blacks and whites and
The musical Hamilton, by Lin-Manuel Miranda tells of Alexander Hamilton’s impressive journey from an all but irrelevant street child, to one of the most important men in American politics. It is based off of a true story of growth, heroism, and determination. In writing this musical, Miranda takes a dry, historic story, and turns it into a captivating performance. His project to take the story of Alexander Hamilton and make it relatable to the average American is extraordinarily successful, mostly because the methods by which he does this are unprecedented. His unique methods and practices have resulted in Hamilton being so popular that it was awarded a record breaking sixteen Tony nominations (Paulson). The musical tells how Hamilton doesn’t
An Analysis of A Raisin In the Sun & nbsp; "A Raisin In The Sun" is a play written by an African-American playwright - Lorraine Hansberry. It was first produced in 1959. Lorraine Hansberry's work is about a black family in the Chicago South Side. the Second World War. The family consisted of Mama(Lena Younger), Walter.
The 2000s/ 2010s brought in a wave of movie musicals- adapted from the stage shows. These brought new audiences into the theatre world, and for the first time in 20 years, brought a love to some of the timeless musicals. With slightly altered songs to appeal to a newer audience, these films brought in much needed money into the industry, with films including: Les Misérables, Phantom of the Opera, Rent, Hairspray, Mamma Mia, Fame- and many more. Together with this, musicals began to push the concept of the songs in them, with a wave of new styles being written. Rap musicals such as ‘Hamilton’ and ‘In The Heights’, Pop musicals including ‘Waitress’ and ‘Dear Evan Hansen’ and Rock musicals of ‘American Idiot’ and ‘Spring Awakening’. Together they pushed boundaries of a ‘traditional’ musical theatre sound, and brought in something never before seen. Due to the influence of ‘Rent’, controversial issues and themes began to be explored more, such as Teen suicide, Murder, Ethnic barriers and everything else, which brought with them, a world of opportunities. It was clear that musical theatre was once again showing for a promising
Racism in William Shakespeare's Othello. The play, Othello, is certainly, in part, the tragedy of racism. Examples of racism are common throughout the dialogue. This racism is directed toward Othello, a brave soldier from Africa and currently the supreme commander of the Venetian army.