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DNA techniques used for criminal investigation
DNA techniques used for criminal investigation
DNA techniques used for criminal investigation
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In this experiment, we extracted the patient’s DNA using his saliva. With this saliva, we were able to take it back to the lab and perform a lysis method that we then used gel electrophoresis to identify the DNA fragments and which ones were more likely to occur. We were able to read these fragments with genome sequencing. Our patient had a kH genome of the rs1799971 SNP on the A allele so expressed the A,A genotype. Individuals who expressed the rs1799971 on the G allele were said to have stronger cravings of alcohol. So if a person has the A,G they would have some signs of alcoholism but if an individual expresses the G,G genotype it is almost certain that the person will have an alcohol use disorder. Alcoholism is not just associated
Jody was born biologically with male genitals and he was brought up as a boy. Unlike his more gender-typical older brother, Jody’s childhood behavior was considered “sissy”. Jody genetically preferred the company of girls compared to boys during childhood. Jody considered herself a bisexual male until the age of 19. At 19 years of age, she became involved with a man, and her identity would be transgender, meaning that Jody was unhappy with her gender of birth and seeks a change from male to female. It would seem that there was some late-onset dissatisfaction, and late-onset is linked to attraction to women; in comparison to early childhood-onset, which are attracted to men. Jody identified herself as bisexual. The relationship with the man ended; nevertheless, Jody’s desire to become a woman consumed her, and Jody feels that’s he was born in the
Volkows, N. D., & Muenke, M. (2012). Human Genetics. The genetics of addiction, Vol 131(6), 773-777. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00439-012-1173-3
Nurnberger, John. "Alcoholism Is a Genetic Disorder." Alcohol Abuse. Ed. Christine Watkins. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. from "Unraveling the Genetics or Alcohol...
Slutske, W. S., D’Onofrio, B. M., Turkheimer, E., Emery, R. E., Harden, K. P., Heath, A. C., et al. (2008). Searching for an environmental effect of parental alcoholism on offspring alcohol use disorder: A genetically informed study of children of alcoholics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 534-551.
Early studies genetic studies of addiction were family-based, which provided some initial clues regarding potential heritability of addictive disorders by examining the risk of substance abuse disorders by first-degree relatives of individuals who had either a substance abuse disorder or no substance abuse disorder. A study was conducted by Bierut et al. (1998), which produced results indicating that relative to a control individual, the siblings of alcohol-dependent probands had elevated rates of alcohol dependence. However, family designs are incapable of distinguishing whether the cause of familial similarity is genetic or environmental.
Kibbey, H. (n.d.). Genetic influences on alcohol drinking and alcoholism. In Indian Education. Retrieved September 7, 2011, from http://www.indiana.edu/~rcapub/v17n3/p18.html
My assignment was to attend an Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) meeting and write my observations and thoughts on the meeting, its structure and philosophical beliefs. I was extremely uncomfortable about attending such a personal meeting. Would individuals welcome me or feel as if I would judge? Even though I was uncomfortable, I am glad I attended the meeting as it was a very enlightening experience for me.
Genetics predispose an individual to having an increased chance of becoming codependent upon drugs or alcohol. Studies of twins and of families that are prone to addiction suggest that about 50% of the risk for drug addiction is genetically based (EBSCOhost). One well-characterized relationship between genes and alcoholism is the result of variation in the liver enzymes that metabolize alcohol (NIH). The result of the liver breaking down the alcohol faster is a higher tolerance. Individuals with a higher tolerance to alcohol, need to drink more than the average person in order to seek the same biological effect. When heavy drinkers suddenly stop or significantly reduce their alcohol consumption, the neurotransmitters prev...
The ingestion of alcoholic beverages for their enjoyable effects is a custom which has been around for thousands of years, and alcohol continues to be a popular drug because of its short-term effects (Coleman, Butcher & Carson, 1984). An enormous amount of damage can be attributed directly to alcohol abuse as a result of lost jobs, accidents caused by drunk drivers, and so forth (Maltzman, 2000). Alcohol also compounds other problems--an estimated 25% to 40% of hospital patients have problems caused by, or recovery delayed by alcohol abuse (Maltzman, 2000). Clinical psychologists spend about one-fourth of their time dealing with people who are suffering in part from alcohol or other substance problems (Vaillant, 1995). Although alcohol problems have been around for so long, it is only recently that these problems have begun to be associated with medical or psychological difficulties.
Researchers have placed more emphasis on nature because of addictions (Agin).. For this reason, there is the same amount of chances to be an alcoholic as there is to have a mental disorder if someone in the family has had or was either because of genes. Newspaper reports, “scientists are on the verge of discovering the gene for alcoholism.” (McLeod). Gaten himself in 1883 suggested that human society could be improved by “better breeding” (McLeod). What Gaten is trying to say is that the children of two adults would not have any mental disorders or be an alcoholic if there was better breeding. The behavioral genes are the genes that gives inheritance of alcoholism, or addiction. So, behavioral genes can give inheritance of alcoholism or other addictions by the wrong breeding. In summation, if one's grandparent or even an ancestor has an addiction, there will be a good chance that the breeds will have the same type of
“For every family that is impacted by drugs, there are another 10 to 15 families impacted by alcohol abuse. It's a pretty big deal. We have a tendency to only look at part of the puzzle.” (Kevin Lewis). As a society we tend to categorize the severity of addiction in a way that drugs are the most dangerous and alcohol being just a problem. Because alcohol addiction can be a slow progressive disease many people don’t see it in the same light as drug addiction. An addiction to drugs is seen as being a more deadly and dangerous issue then that of alcohol because a drug addiction can happen more quickly and can kill more quickly. Alcohol is something that is easy to obtain, something that is found at almost every restaurant. People with an alcohol addiction can not hide from alcohol as easy as a drug addict. Approximately 7 million Americans suffer from alcohol abuse and another 7 million suffer from alcoholism. (Haisong 6) The dangers of alcohol affect everyone from children with alcoholic parents, to teenagers who abuse alcohol, then to citizens who are terrorized by drunk drivers.
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) is a percent of your blood concentrated by alcohol. A BAC of .10 means that .1% of your blood is alcohol. Mild impairment (.00% - 0.05%) which slightly effects balance, memory, and coordination. Relaxation and sleepiness is common. Increased impairment (.06% - 0.15%). Increased risk of aggression, also speech, memory, and coordination are further impaired. Also injury risk is increased. Severe impairment (.16% - 0.3%). All previously mentioned impacts are severely impaired. Judgement and decision making is dangerously impaired. Vomiting and loss of consciousness may occur. Life threatening (.31% - .45%). Blackouts, alcohol poisoning, and even death. Any BAC higher than .31% is very dangerous all impacts previously
The Alcohol Use Inventory (AUI) is comprised of twenty-four sets of scales and two-hundred and twenty-eight questions to calculate involvement and use of alcohol. The AUI was founded on the premise of how each individual views alcohol and their beliefs about the benefits versus the negative consequences of drinking and was developed for use with individuals admitted into a treatment program (Horn, Wanberg, & Foster, 2016). It is believed that alcoholism is a created from many different factors. The goal of the AUI is to provide counselors with a pattern pf drinking or an answer to whether the client is an alcoholic or has a problem with alcohol to accurately create a treatment plan (OJJDP, 2016) According to the Office of Juvenile Justice
Creating my personal genogram was a valuable experience for me. By mapping out my family’s structure, and considering the dynamics of the relationships therein, I am able to see how each member of my immediate family took on specific roles and that addictions are present on both sides of my family. My paternal grandmother, Ginny, was an alcoholic and passed this trait to my father. My mother demonstrated signs of substance abuse through smoking and drinking, and both parents passed these to my sister and me: Whitney struggled with various addictions, the most severe of which was methamphetamine and I have had an ongoing struggle with smoking and past experiences with anorexia.
On March 13, 2017 a lesson on alcohol was presented by Dr. Takeda Fergusson. She talked about how alcohol plays a significant role in society today. She elaborates on the percentages and how powerful alcohol is to the human body. As I get farther in my paper I will talk about how the amount of alcohol we consume affects our body and actions.