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The purpose of this research paper is to inform my audience of three primary sections based on biological aspect of the addictive substance cocaine, and its addictive properties. This will include the primary effects on the brain and other organs in the human body. The second section will confer, clinical issues along with medical treatment, future directions of treatment. The third section biological aspects of the addictive substance from a biblical perspective will be discussed. Some areas of interest include freedom and caution for Christian counselor’s based on the addictive substance used. Introduction When most people think of cocaine they mainly think of this drug being very powerful and addicted, and “cocaine is found in all parts of the coca plant, comprising approximately 1% of the weight of the leaves” (Warner, 1993, p.226). Over some years cocaine has become the most abused drug across the nation especially in the 1900s. It was a popular drug at the time almost everyone was using it and with just one time self-administering the drug people were experiencing addiction-like symptoms to this drug. Cocaine Cocaine is a classified ‘Schedule II’ drug, also known as “crack”, and “coke” it is a powerful drug, and addictive stimulant well known as a psychoactive substance. That comes from a plant called coca leaf that has been around since the mid-1800s and throughout the 20th century. “In the mid-1980s, addiction to the drug was seen as exaggerated or dismissed as psychological and not addiction” (Miller, Gold, Smith, 1997, p.62). In the past, cocaine’s original use was for medical purposes as local anesthetic for surgeries. Now its usage is illegal and this drug is immersed into the body through various ways. However,... ... middle of paper ... ...072.1990.10472554 Penberthy, J. K., Ait-Daoud, N., Vaughan, M., & Fanning, T. (2010). Review of Treatment for Cocaine Dependence. Current Drug Abuse Reviews, 3(1), 49-62. doi:10.2174/1874473711003010049 Scott, C. G. (2000). Ethical issues in addictions counseling. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 43(4), 209. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/213919931?accountid=12085 Smyth, N. (1994). Addictions counseling: a practical guide to counseling people with chemical and other addictions/The addiction process: effective social work approaches/Clinical work with substance-abusing clients (book). Social Work, 39(5), 616. Volkows, N. D., & Muenke, M. (2012). Human Genetics. The genetics of addiction, Vol 131(6), 773-777. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00439-012-1173-3 Warner, E. (1993). Cocaine abuse. Annals of Internal Medicine, 119(3), 226-235.
In many countries, drugs are becoming more common. In the history of the US, drug abuse and drugs have a long history. Nowadays, people are so much into drugs. Most drugs affect the brain and drug use is harmful. Every society and every family has been touched by the devastating effects of drug addiction.
“It is synthesized from the leaves of the coca plant to form a paste. This paste is further synthesized and cut with adulterant substances to make it into street-level cocaine that can be injected, snorted or smoked. To make the paste, there is a process of extracting the cocaine that includes the use of toxic chemicals. There are two main ways that the cocaine paste is made: solvent extraction and acid extraction”.
Grinspoon L, Bakalar JB (1981). Coca and cocaine as medicines: an historical review. J Ethnopharmacol. 1981 Mar-May; 3(2-3):149-59.
McGowan-Anderson, L.J. (2006). Genetic Predisposition: Is the Human Organism Predisposed to Addictive Disorders? Journal of Addcitive Disorders. Retrieved from http://www.breining.edu.
...ives from the implementation of an empathic, hopeful continuous treatment relationship, which provides integrated treatment and coordination of care through the course of multiple treatment episodes” (Watkins, 2015). Whether, confronted with a substance use disorder, gambling or sex addiction the way in which a counselor work with the client in an open helpful manner is the key to motivating the client to change their behaviors. “A man convinced against his will, Is of the same opinion still” (Carnegie, 1981). The most piece of the helping relationship is that the client is the lead in their care, as they are the ones that will be making the decisions for their care. A counselor is essentially a trained skillful teacher that guides an individual toward their best recovery options and it is up to the individual to make the needed changes in their life and behaviors.
"Cocaine delivers an intensity of pleasure - and despair - beyond the bounds of normal human experience."
Cocaine is known for being a very addictive drug. Produced from the leaves of a coca plant caused the vast manufacturing of the drug. The process of creating cocaine is a long procedure but there are five key points. The leaves of the coca plant stripped in order to get to the essence of natural properties, soon after the escarpments from the leaves are dried. The dried leaf escarpments are then synthesized to create a paste that will be dissolved in order to condense and multiply the amount of the drug. After this process two very key chemical combinations are added sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate. The product is further dried and turns white thus cocaine is created and sold on the streets of our nation. Cocaine is known as “pure” and the extensive process of making cocaine is time consuming, thus making this form of the drug expensive.
In the 1970s, cocaine was expensive and considered a "status" drug. The introduction of inexpensive crack increased the accessibility of this substance, and crack has become the drug of choice for many users, especially for inner...
The current “War on Drugs” involves skirmishes in an arena with two fronts: The consumer and the manufacturer. The successes and failures of the battle are not clearly identified without first looking at how the battle can be ultimately won. When it comes to cocaine, the problem of punishing the whole instead of the individual is hard to define. Many countries use the raw ingredient, the coca plant, as part of a social and cultural structure. The only way to win the “War on Drugs” is to focus war efforts on fighting the manufacturer of the finished cocaine product.
A study done by Puig and colleagues (2012) compared the effects of intermittent (once daily) and binge (three times a day) cocaine treatment for 1 and 14 days after the last cocaine injection on spontaneous locomotor activity and dopamine levels in the NAc in rats. The intermittent treatment led to a spontaneous increase in dopamine and in locomotor activity at the exact hour which rats were habituated to receive a cocaine injection (Puig, Noble & Benturquia, 2012). The binge treatment led to sensitization of locomotor effects of cocaine, associated to a dopamine release sensitization in the NAc (Puig, Noble & Benturquia, 2012). These results show the addictive nature of cocaine and the behavioural and sensitization effects it has on the animal, which can be related to the effects it can possibly have on humans (Puig, Noble & Benturquia,
The use of cocaine in the United States has declined over the last twenty years while the use of crack has increased. Many people avoided the use of crack because of the harmful chemicals used in creating the drug. One of the reasons why crack became popular is because of not needing to inject the drug hence less risks of being infected by the AIDS virus. Carroll (2000) states cocaine is the most powerful stimulant of natural origin. Most users snort or inject the drug to enable a quicker “high.” Cocaine use brings on many health problems. Fatal complications occur from regular use, for example, liver damage, seizures, elevated blood pressure causing stroke, heart failure, or heart attack.
Cocaine, a powdered narcotic derived from the leaves of the cocoa plant, has been a curious participant in the history of several contemporary cultures. Its ubiquity is an outgrowth of its unique and highly effective properties. While cocaine is commonly known as a highly popular recreational drug, its underlying chemical properties, chemical mechanisms, and chemical effects on the human body, offer an understanding of why the drug remains a resilient participant in today’s culture. We explore these chemical characteristics further.
One hit, one sniff, one injection and suddenly your life is forever changed. The way your body feels the moment of that rush; the cravings you acquire create the need to feel that rush once again and the trouble you will go through in order to feel it again. Drugs have inhabited the earth for centuries. People have been resorting to drugs for various reasons such as; medical use, recreational use or research purposes. One of the most common drugs used is cocaine. Cocaine is a drug derived from coca leafs and prepared synthetically; it is used as an illegal stimulant and sometimes as an anesthetic for animals. However, in today’s world cocaine is more commonly used as a recreational drug. Unfortunately, with the usage of illegal drugs come
Cocaine and the Nervous System. [online] Available at: http://serendip.bryanmawr.edu/exchange.node/1739 [Accessed: 2 Oct 2013]. Donaghy, M. 2005. "The Species of Neurology.
“In 2014, there were an estimated 1.5 million current (past-month) cocaine users aged 12 or older (0.6 percent of the US population)” (www.drugabuse.gov). Due to El Paso’s proximity to the border, a major percentage of cocaine users lie within this city; however, it is a hidden conflict many people in our population are unaware about. We want to know the manner cocaine use affects the social and economic aspects of the addicted individual’s lives, to get a better understanding of this ongoing issue and bring this subject matter to the people’s attention, and perhaps come up with some solutions to relieve this situation. Our question of research is, how does cocaine use effect socioeconomic factors for addicts?