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Background Alan Turing was an English computer scientist and cryptoanalyst born in the small London town of Maida Vale at the same time his father, Julious Turing was on leave. As a young child, Turing was collectively seen as having a high intellectual quotient by his peers as well as his teachers, who did not necessarily respect him because of this trait. Although Turing had a particularly curious mind from the start of his life, - and despite the fact that his early signs of genius were beginning to become prominently presented - his engagement and interest in the fields of mathematics and science only really took off at the age of 13, when he attended an independent British school called the "Shelbourne School." This proceeded the first educational institution he went to, Hazelhurst Preparatory School - an independent school in the territory of …show more content…
In fact, one of the key administrators in the school wrote "I hope he will not fall between two stools. If he is to stay at public school, he must aim at becoming educated. If he is to be solely a Scientific Specialist, he is wasting his time at a public school" to Turing's parents. Despite this, Turing continued to show a sense of persistence and a lack of giving up; Turing was determined to make a permanent mark on the history of computational analytics. Turing's early life was a story of proving his remarkable abilities in the disciplines of mathematics and science which he loved. Turing's excellence in mathematics was first demonstrated when he proved a complex problem in mathematics without knowing a shred of even the most elementary levels of calculus in 1927 (age 15). Later in 1928, Turing again demonstrated impressive scientific skills when he comprehended the studies and conclusions of Albert Einstein and even possibly deduced conclusions when they were not made
Alan Turing was a very intelligent man who attended Bletchley Park the main site for code breaking. Alan Turing invented “bombe,” an electromechanical device. “Bombe” helped decipher encrypted messages given by Enigma. Later Gordon Welchman made significant improvements to “bombe.” The information received from Enigma, known as “ultra” was used in every step of the decoding process (O’Neill 160). Ultra was considered as ‘top secret’ and only few knew about the whole operation. Turing’s impeccable intelligence helped break Enigma. As well as develop a technique, “banburismus” that later helped read naval messages. Thanks to Turing and the “bombe” German codes were broken and prevented many
At some point in our lives, we have wondered about the possibility of a computer being able to think. John Searle addresses this issue in his paper, “Can Computers Think?”, where he argues that computers cannot think because they are directed by formal information. This means that the information presented is only syntax with no semantics behind it. In this paper, I will elaborate more on Searle’s position and reasoning whilst critiquing his argument by saying that it is possible to derive semantics from syntax. Finally, I will analyze the significance of my criticism and present a possible response from Searle to defend his argument.
Can machines think? This question, addressed by Descartes and Turing, leads to discussion of how thought is constructed and what is the mind made of. At the heart of the debate, there is a schism between Cartesian dualism and functionalism. Language is a method considered by both sides as evidence of thought and provides the test for intelligence. This essay will look at Descartes’ objections and Turing’s arguments for whether machine can ever think. This essay will argue that Turing’s, and the functionalist, view is correct. It questions whether Turing’s test provides sufficient evidence of machine intelligence, and uses Searle’s Chinese room to explain why intentionality matters.
The Turing test was a test that allows humans to evaluate the question “can machines think?” Turing evaluates that one should not ask if machines can think, but conduct an experiment which can prove that it can think. In order to answer this question, Turing created
The conditions of the present scenario are as follows: a machine, Siri*, capable of passing the Turing test, is being insulted by a 10 year old boy, whose mother is questioning the appropriateness of punishing him for his behavior. We cannot answer the mother's question without speculating as to what A.M. Turing and John Searle, two 20th century philosophers whose views on artificial intelligence are starkly contrasting, would say about this predicament. Furthermore, we must provide fair and balanced consideration for both theorists’ viewpoints because, ultimately, neither side can be “correct” in this scenario. But before we compare hypothetical opinions, we must establish operant definitions for all parties involved. The characters in this scenario are the mother, referred to as Amy; the 10 year old boy, referred to as the Son; Turing and Searle; and Siri*, a machine that will be referred to as an “it,” to avoid an unintentional bias in favor of or against personhood. Now, to formulate plausible opinions that could emerge from Turing and Searle, we simply need to remember what tenants found their respective schools of thought and apply them logically to the given conditions of this scenario.
One of the hottest topics that modern science has been focusing on for a long time is the field of artificial intelligence, the study of intelligence in machines or, according to Minsky, “the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence if done by men”.(qtd in Copeland 1). Artificial Intelligence has a lot of applications and is used in many areas. “We often don’t notice it but AI is all around us. It is present in computer games, in the cruise control in our cars and the servers that route our email.” (BBC 1). Different goals have been set for the science of Artificial Intelligence, but according to Whitby the most mentioned idea about the goal of AI is provided by the Turing Test. This test is also called the imitation game, since it is basically a game in which a computer imitates a conversating human. In an analysis of the Turing Test I will focus on its features, its historical background and the evaluation of its validity and importance.
Alan Mathison Turing was born in Paddington, London, on June 23, 1912. He was a precocious child and began his interests in science and mathematics at a young age, but was never concerned about other right-brain classes such as English. This continued until an important friend of his passed away and set Turing on a path to achieve what his friend could no longer accomplish. When his friend Christopher Morcom died, Turing was launched into thoughts in physics about the physical mind being embodied in matter and whether quantum-mechanical theory affects the traditional problem of mind and matter. Many say today that this was the beginnings of Turing’s Turning Machine and the test still used today for artificial intelligence, the Turing Test.
Created by English mathematician Alan Turing, the Turing test (formerly known as the imitation game) is a behavioral approach that assesses a system’s ability to think. In doing so, it can determine whether or not that system is intelligent. This experiment initiated what is now commonly known as artificial intelligence.
Simon Schaffer’s essay Enlightened Automata discusses the effects of automata on past and present society. As the Industrial Revolution and the Enlightenment Era dominated society, the creation of automata furthered many scientific and philosophic ideas. As more machines were created, people think about their world differently, and most often these machines were used for visual show as different forms of entertainment. In line with these movements, the relationship between vision and knowledge became increasingly important. What the eyes were able to see became more significant than what was felt, and in a sense, to see was to believe. The importance of visual experience became closely tied with truth and knowledge, but the fact remains that the human eye can be easily influenced.
In order to work on cracking the code Alan’s sexuality must be hidden deep in the closet. Alan Turing’s homosexuality makes up a big part of who he is. Turing always felt uncomfortable around other men, because his old friend Christopher was the only one that filled his heart with love. From a social conflict perspective, we can see how the
It was here Alan made use of his talents for solving problems, by using his logic. He created a prototype for the first known computer, called the Bombe, which he used in deciphering the Enigma. In 1941, Alan Turing could conclude that his machine had solved the mystery with the Enigma, and that this could change the outcome of the war. Actually, Alan Turing solved the Enigma, not because he felt pressured to, but because he found it an interesting problem he wanted to prove was solvable. If Alan hadn’t been as cunning in solving the problem, or used his logical mindset to build one of the world’s first computers, the Allies may not have won World War II. A president must be able to solve the problems he may meet in his presidency, and he will also need a good logic in order to lead with the right decisions. And just as Alan’s traits changed the tide of World War II, my perfect president could change the America you live in today, for the better. Therefore, personal traits from Alan Turing are the fifth and last ingredient to my
Alan Turing being the protagonist of this film undergoes many scenes of conflict which makes the film more appealing to the audience by allowing them to either relate to him or sympathise for him. There are many scenes where Turing is advised to keep his gender preference under the radar or even black mailed to keep quiet under the threat of telling authorities that he is a homosexual. There is a scene where Turing finds the Soviet Spy in Bletchley Park who turns out to be John Cairncross. Cairncross catches Turing before he spreads the secret and says "if you tell them my secret I'll tell them your's". Another example of black mail is when Stewart Menzies, who is in on Cairncross's undercover work, finds out of Turing's knowledge and blackmails Turing in the same way Cairncross did. These examples of the protagonist being seen in conflict makes the film more appealing to the audience by making the character seem more relatable as everyone in life come across different types of conflict and it is appealing to see how other people overcome their
More people died during World War Two than any other war to date. Perhaps that is the reason why Hollywood has made, and is still making, many movies about World War Two. One movie called The Imitation Game, focuses not on the battlefield, but on the lesser known code breaking done by Alan Turing in the war. His team’s success helped the British foil the German’s war plans and had a major impact on the outcome of the war. The Imitation Game tells the story of Alan Turing and his team’s codebreaking in a way that is a useable source of learning in the classroom because it shows the work and intelligence that happen behind the scenes and before the battles.
Alan Turing left an indelible mark on the world with technological inventions, extraordinary talent, and productive habits. His dedication to hard work and perseverance against the discouragement of bullying provide fantastic examples for anyone to emulate. Also, the inventions of the Turing Machine and the Bombe were the primary reasons why computers existed during the last sixty years, and were important factors in the demise of Nazi Germany. Finally, for one to truly understand why Turing was important in world history, he should envision life without modern technology and
No other scholar has affected more fields of learning than Blaise Pascal. Born in 1623 in Clermont, France, he was born into a family of respected mathematicians. Being the childhood prodigy that he was, he came up with a theory at the age of three that was Euclid’s book on the sum of the interior of triangles. At the age of sixteen, he was brought by his father Etienne to discuss about math with the greatest minds at the time. He spent his life working with math but also came up with a plethora of new discoveries in the physical sciences, religion, computers, and in math. He died at the ripe age of thirty nine in 1662(). Blaise Pascal has contributed to the fields of mathematics, physical science and computers in countless ways.