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The Heartbeat of Africa: Resistance The quest for raw resources and wealth has changed Africa forever. Colonialism and imperialism have redefined Africa, and the African identity. The West have been systematically abusing the people, and exploiting the lands for centuries. However, this assault on Africa was the farthest thing from complete assimilation. Through many forms of resistance, Africa has become a hybrid between the old traditions, and the modern age: forming a new African memory. It is through resistance to colonialism that the new African identity forms. The second wave of colonialism, which began in the late 1800’s, focused primarily on Africa and Asia. Western countries sought to control the land, resources, and the people …show more content…
Its scars can still be found in modern day Africa. This beast, that is colonialism, attempted to drain the life and culture out of Africa in order to feed its own appetite. The European powers could not be matched by force. It was only through resistance that the new African identity could be born. But not all forms of resistance were sufficient enough to carry on this new memory. This idea was emulated in Okonkwo’s personality, and his life. Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, exemplifies the hardships that colonialism had on the Igbo people, and how forming a new memory was a battle between the two …show more content…
He wanted to go into the courts, the administration buildings, and the churches and kill the white men. In other words, he saw violent resistance as the path to restore and preserve African memory. The final straw occurred when Okonkwo’s son, Nwoye, abandoned his African faith to become a Christian. He was so enraged, he strangled his son, “Answer me… Before I kill you” (Achebe 88.) The colonial memory had taken Nwoye. Okonkwo, being a cultural essentialist, would not tolerate this. He disowned his son. He had finally lost all his tolerance toward the west. Finally, after much tension between the colonists and Igbo, there was a meeting in the town square to try and figure out what to do. As the meeting commenced, messengers, representing the colonists, had come to put an end to this “resistance.” When the head messenger tried to pass “…Okonkwo drew his machete. The messenger crouched to avoid the blow. It was useless. Okonkwo’s machete descended twice and the man’s head lay before his uniform body” (Achebe 116). Okonkwo had resisted colonialism violently, but by doing so he had accepted the fact that the white men would come after him in order to enforce their laws and system of justice. Okonkwo decided to hang himself, which was considered the ultimate disgrace. This form of resistance proved to be useless. He had essentially taken the old African memory with him, and
Some people might say that Okonkwo was just trying to protect the tradition and cultural of his tribal village but in actuality this is far from the truth. When Okonkwo cut down the guard, he made the swift assumption that his clansmen were as passionate about fighting colonialism as him and would follow him into war. When he found otherwise, he could not understand what had happened to his village. The next place he was seen was hanging from a noose in a selfish show of hypocrisy. In the end, Okonkwo's status among his tribe counted for nothing because his own despair over the colonization of his village led him to kill himself. His whole life Okonkwo strived to not to look weak like his father, but in the end he took the cowards way out, suicide. Suicide was a great sin against the Earth. Because he took his own life, Okonkwo, a great leader of Umuofia, had to be buried by strangers. All of his work and perseverance amounted to nothing because of what he had done.
Africa has an incredibly rich and complex history. Unfortunately, and for a variety of reasons, the west has a highly skewed and inaccurate perspective of Africa. In his “Myths About Africa, Africans, and African History: The Student’s ‘Ten Commandments’” Pier Larson critiques some of these perspectives and discusses where these western ideas of Africa come from. While these myths certainly are false, it is still interesting to see them and ponder why they exist and what that, in turn, reflects on western society. These reflections are very negative and limits western society’s perspective and ability to relate and identify with what is a vast and diverse continent.
...m his own. I felt that Okonkwo’s exile was very much needed for him, because it taught him the true meaning of an extended family, taught him some humility and how to cope with failure which was ostensibly dealt by his own hands. When Okonkwo returned to his original village his alienation hit him hard. His village was completely changed. The Europeans destroyed the Igbo framework that gave Okonkwo his validation. Okonkwo felt alienated from all that once made him a man. This can relate back to our everyday lives because it shows us how important home is and how without it one may not feel the will to live. This goes back to Achebe’s soul purpose of writing this novel, which was to educate the reader on the effects of the devastating European colonization upon Nigeria. The change was so much for Okonkwo to take in. So much so that it was enough to take his own life.
He was in great conflict with the ideas of the white men and the missionaries. Okonkwo saw that their beliefs had not only changed the daily life of the Ibo, but it also changed the people themselves: “He mourned for the warlike men of Umuofia, who had so unaccountably become soft like women” (Achebe 183). The author uses strong diction to compare the men before and after colonization. This quote also portrays Okonkwo’s opinion towards the cultural collision. He values strength and masculinity immensely because of his fear of appearing weak like his father Unoka. When he describes that the men of Umuofia changed to be soft like women, this shows how much he dishonors the Western ideas and how it has taken over the village. He made an attempt to get rid of the Western influence by urging the tribe to fight like men, but they refuse to. He was determined and still attempted to furthermore encourage the people of Umuofia to revolt against the new culture. He realizes that his attempts to return the village back to the way it was before were futile. He knew that Christianity was tearing his people apart, but knew he was incapable of making change to help his people. Okonkwo then starts to feel hopeless and abandoned by his clan, which causes him to commit suicide by hanging himself: “Obierika… turned suddenly to the District Commissioner and said ferociously: ‘That man was one of the greatest men
He was exposed to a very different culture and had to deal with the ignorance of the people that brought it with them. Second, the changes caused Okonkwo to be enraged and so, “Okonkwo’s machete descended twice and the man’s head lay beside his uniformed body” which caused a great tumult and made Okonkwo even more angry and upset(Achebe 204). Third, this in turn caused Okonkwo to mentally break and commit suicide, which also led to his clan losing face with the commissioner. Finally, the actions all made the colonists think of African people as primitive and barbaric. Mr. Smith even goes on to write a book titled, “The Pacification of the Primitive Tribes of the Lower Niger,” which shows how he had learned nothing about the people of these tribes in a considerate way.
Okonkwo is “a man of action, a man of war” (7) and a member of high status in the Igbo village. He holds the prominent position of village clansman due to the fact that he had “shown incredible prowess in two intertribal wars” (5). Okonkwo’s hard work had made him a “wealthy farmer” (5) and a recognized individual amongst the nine villages of Umuofia and beyond. Okonkwo’s tragic flaw isn’t that he was afraid of work, but rather his fear of weakness and failure which stems from his father’s, Unoka, unproductive life and disgraceful death. “Perhaps down in his heart Okonkwo was not a cruel man. But his whole life was dominated by fear, the fear of failure and weakness….It was not external but lay deep within himself. It was the fear of himself, lest he should be found to resemble his father.” Okonkwo’s father was a lazy, carefree man whom had a reputation of being “poor and his wife and children had just barely enough to eat... they swore never to lend him any more money because he never paid back.” (5) Unoka had never taught Okonkwo what was right and wrong, and as a result Okonkwo had to interpret how to be a “good man”. Okonkwo’s self-interpretation leads him to conclude that a “good man” was someone who was the exact opposite of his father and therefore anything that his father did was weak and unnecessary.
Unfortunately, the clash of the cultures that occurs when the white man's missionaries come to Africa in an attempt to convert the tribal members, causes Okonkwo to lash out at the white man and results in his banishment from the tribe. Okonkwo had a bad temper which he often displayed: Okonkwo ruled his household with a heavy hand. His wives, especially the youngest, lived in perpetual fear of his fiery temper, and so did his little children. Perhaps down in his heart Okonkwo was not a cruel man. But his whole life was dominated by fear of failure and of weakness.
In the early 1880’s, the powers of Europe started to take control of regions in Africa and set up colonies there. In the beginning, colonization caused the Africans little harm, but before long, the Europeans started to take complete control of wherever they went. The Europeans used their advanced knowledge and technology to easily maneuver through the vast African landscape and used advanced weapons to take control of the African people and their land. The countries that claimed the most land and had the most significant effect on Africa were France, England, Belgium, and Germany. There were many reasons for the European countries to be competing against each other to gain colonies in Africa. One of the main reasons was that the Europeans believed that the more territory a country was able to control, the more powerful it could become and the more powerful it would be seen as by other countries. Other reasons for the desire to control African land included the many natural resources that could only be found in Africa, such as diamonds, gold, and as time progressed, rubber. It also provided new markets in surrounding places so that manufactured goods could be sold for a larger profit. The Europeans had many motives for imperialism in Africa. Yet the true motives were often shielded as they tried tom present themselves as humanitarians when in reality they were making Africa a terrible place to live with brutality and harsh treatment of the African natives. The ways of the Europeans had many physical and emotional costs for the people of Africa. The imperialism process also took a toll on the people of Europe. The European imperialistic colonization in Africa was motivated by the desire to control the abundant natural resources an...
Overall, Okonkwo is a crucial part to the story Things Fall Apart, for he represents African culture, and helps demonstrate how colonization can change everything. Through this book we see how colonization changed history, and how it is important for groups, tribes, societies to stay together in times of invasion, in order to protect their own customs and traditions; and how crucial a sense of unity would've been for the Umuofian tribe. Okonkwo was the sense of unity of the tribe, doing everything he could could to protect it. His collection of honorable titles, his love for his tribes culture, his drive and passion, and even his booming pride all contribute to his district character, a true hero in my eyes.
Africa’s struggle to maintain their sovereignty amidst the encroaching Europeans is as much a psychological battle as it is an economic and political one. The spillover effects the system of racial superiority had on the African continent fractured ...
]k Adegbite O. came to a similar conclusion about Okonkwo’s views on masculinity and femininity when he makes the remark in his essay that, “Okonkwo is of the opinion that traditional men have lost their place in society and cannot be termed ‘worthy’ anymore as Western culture has softened their resolve; men have been turned to weaklings by colonisation and the white man’s religion” (Tobalase, “Masculinity and Cultural Conflict in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart”).
Before the arrival of the Europeans, Achebe did a excellent job portraying how the life of Igbo was before they were forced to oppose their own culture. To support this theme, Achebe included detailed descriptions of social rituals within each family, the justice system, religious practices and consequences, preparation and indulgence of food, the marriage process and the distributing of power within the men. Achebe shows how every man has an opportunity to prove himself worthy to achieve a title on the highest level, based merely on his own efforts. One may argue that the novel was written with the main focus on the study of Okonkwo’s character and how he deteriorates, but without the theme that define the Igbo culture itself, we would never know the universe qualities of the society that shaped Okonkwo’s life. The lives of the Igbo people was no different to the actual lives of the Ibos people back in the early days of Africa. Just like in Things Fall Apart, in actual African tribes there was never a ruler. “Very interesting thing about these villages is that there is no single ruler or king that controls the population. Decisions are made by including almost everyone in the village” (AfricaGuide). Using the theme, Achebe educated readers on by mirroring real African life in her
Upon an initial reading of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, it is easy to blame the demise of Okonkwo’s life and of the Umofia community on the imperialistic invasions of the white men. After all, Okonkwo seemed to be enjoying relative peace and happiness before then. He did have a few mishaps; one of them resulted in him being exiled for eight years. Nonetheless, he returned to his home town with high spirits and with prospects of increased success. However, everything has changed. The white men have brought with them a new religion and a new government. Okonkwo’s family falls apart. The men in his village lose their courage and valor; they do not offer any resistance to the white men. Consequently, Okonkwo kills himself in disgrace and Umofia succumbs to the white men. However, the white men are not the only people responsible for demise of Umofia. The Igbo culture, particularly their views on gender roles, sows the seed of their own destruction. By glorifying aggressive, manly traits and ignoring the gentle, womanly traits, Umofia brings about its own falling apart.
An overwhelming majority of African nations has reclaimed their independence from their European mother countries. This did not stop the Europeans from leaving a permanent mark on the continent however. European colonialism has shaped modern-day Africa, a considerable amount for the worse, but also some for the better. Including these positive and negative effects, colonialism has also touched much of Africa’s history and culture especially in recent years.
The point of the book was to show the point of view about colonization of the african peoples.the book did so well in showing the point of view, that he was able to incorporate multiple opinions and reactions, all from the african people. Okonkwo's reactions on the other hand, push the boundaries of rational. As most of the other citizens widely accepted the christians and their religion, okonkwo saw evil and danger, as well as femininity in them. He hated them with a flying passion, due to reasons stated in paragraph 2. Okonkwo's point of view on the white men is a very important one, in that he is a very popular man in his community, and people look up to him. The reaction of Okonkwo is so highly covered in the novel, because his feelings differ from the white men, and that is the biggest point of the novel. A good example of a reaction by okonkwo, would be “Why, he cried in his heart, should he, Okonkwo, of all people, be cursed with such a son”. He says this in context of his son running away after okonkwo figures out that he has converted to this religion that the white people have come along with, and changed everyone's minds. A big moment in the very end of the book, that shines light on his emotions as one of the colonized, is on page 207: “they came to the tree from which Okonkwo's body was dangling”. Okonkwo had hung himself, due to the sorrow and shame brought to him by the colonizers.