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Advantages of disabilities in learning and teaching
Education and disability essay
Positive effects of inclusive education
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In every school, there are a wide variety of diversities spread throughout the classrooms; many children have disabilities learning, and the disability itself varies, whether it may be affecting their reading, writing, listening, or learning in general, but should these students be put into the same classroom as the average students? Since some of these disabilities are present, their learning process can be effected, therefore teacher must be knowledgeable on how to handle and teach these students effectives. There are also children that are handicapped, which is easily confused as being the same as disabled. The textbook Becoming a Teacher reveals “A disability…results from a loss of physical functioning (e.g., loss of sight, hearing, mobility) or from difficulty in learning and social adjustment that significantly interferes with normal growth and development. A handicap is a limitation imposed on the individual by environmental demands and is related to the individual’s ability to adapt or adjust to those demands (Harman, Drew, and Egan 1999,3)” (204).
Since these students with learning disabilities have difficulty learning the same way that average students do, the teacher must find a way to teach both effectively, but not to lead ahead of the disabled or fall behind with the average student. Due to these challenges, the question of inclusion has been made noted in the public’s eye and the school systems attention. According to the article “Education, Inclusion and Individual Differences: Recognizing and Resolving Dilemmas”, Low (1997) makes a point in saying there are three different titles of inclusion. Hard inclusion is everything is being taking care of as part of the “social arrangements”, and this is typically includ...
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...f the classroom, decades of research is required, and this subject will be a debate until then.
Works Cited
Norwich, Brahm. "Education, Inclusion and Individual Differences: Recognising and Resolving Dilemmas." British Journal of Educational Studies 50.4 (2002): 482-502. Print.
DeMatthews, David Edward, and Hanne Mawhinney. “Addressing The Inclusion Imperative: An Urban School’s District’s Responses.” Education Policy Analysis Archives 21.61 (2013): 1-27. Education Research Complete. Web.
Schlesinger, Lynn, and Diane E. Taub. Instructional Materials for Teaching Sociology & Disability Studies. 1st ed. Vol. 28. [Washington, D.C.]: American Sociological Association, 2004. 12-23. Print.
Forrest W. Parkay, Beverly Hardcastle Standford, John P. Vaillancourt, Heather C. Stephens. Becoming a Teacher. 3rd ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education Canada, 2007. Print
Marsh, C. (2010). Becoming a teacher: Knowledge, skills and issues. 5th Ed. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson.
“to the maximum extent appropriate, handicapped children, including those children in public and private institutions or other care facilities, are educated with children who are not handicapped, and that special classes, separate schooling, or other removal of handicapped children from regular educational environment occurs only when the nature or severity of the handicap is such that education in regular classes with the use of supplementary aids and services cannot be achieved satisfactorily. (P.L 94-142, Section 1412) (Villa p. 5).
Sands, D., Kozleski, E., & French, N. (2000). Inclusive education for the 21st century: A new
Marsh, C.J. (2010). Becoming a teacher: Knowledge, skills and issues. Frenchs Forest, Sydney, NSW: Pearson Australia
The implementation of policy and legislation related to inclusive education, thus being a focus on the diversity and difference in our society (Ashman & Elkins, 2009), would have vast implications on the way society views that which is different to the accepted “norm”.
The concepts of Inclusion and of Least Restrictive Environment may seem the same, but they are definitely not. The idea of Least Restrictive Environment is simply that disabled children should be educated, to an appropriate extent, with other non-disabled children. On the other hand, the approach of Inclusion is that disabled children should not be segregated from their non-disabled peers. Inclusion rejects the use of special classrooms, and schools; while Least Restrictive Environment encourages that there be separate classrooms, and schools. Some may argue that “inclusion prepares students with disabilities to use the skills they are learning in the real world where there are few “protective” special settings” (LRE vs. Inclusion). Others may argue that with LRE every student will learn at their own pace and it would help them accomplish what it is they are trying to accomplish. Both of these reasons have their advantages, but they also have their own disad...
Sharpe, M. N., & York, J. L. (1994). Effects of inclusion on the academic performance of
Inclusion in classrooms is defined as combining students with disabilities and students without disabilities together in an educational environment. It provides all students with a better sense of belonging. They will enable friendships and evolve feelings of being a member of a diverse community (Bronson, 1999). Inclusion benefits students without disabilities by developing a sense of helping others and respecting other diverse people. By this, the students will build up an appreciation that everyone has unique yet wonderful abilities and personalities (Bronson, 1999). This will enhance their communication skills later in life. Inclusive classrooms provide students with disabilities a better education on the same level as their peers. Since all students would be in the same educational environment, they would follow the same curriculum and not separate ones based on their disability. The main element to a successful inclusive classroom, is the teachers effort to plan the curriculum to fit all students needs. Teachers must make sure that they are making the material challenging enough for students without special needs and understandable to students with special needs. Inclusive classrooms are beneficial to students with and without special needs.
Ashman, A., & Elkins, J. (Eds.). (2008). Education for Inclusion and Diversity. Frenchs Forest, New South Wales: Pearson Education Australia.
The idea of inclusion within a classroom tends to breed controversy from many people. Currently there is no clear consensus on a definition of inclusion (Heward, 2006). There are many different views on how students with disabilities should be handled. Those views ranged from students being fully included, partially included, or not included at all in mainstream schooling. Different descriptions of inclusion tend to reflect the person's own opinions towards it. People who feel students should not be included in the classroom focus on the negative characteristics of inclusion, such as the challenges of developing plans for students as well as the hard work it requires to incorporate those plans. However, studies show that full inclusion has many benefits to the students, for both students with disabilities as well as students without them. Inclusion has shown to improve the student's social skills, encourage communication, inspire laws and regulations, and improve the overall schooling experience (Gargiulo, 2012). Although it will take longer then some would like or have the patience for, full inclusion can be done in the classroom, with its benefits outweighing the hard work that it requires.
Students with learning disabilities in the regular classroom may have challenges that require special attention. If the teacher is able to identify the disabilities and the features associated with them then the teacher can tailor the lessons to meet the needs of the students. These may include differentiated instruction and facilitating an inclusive classroom which will see inclusive strategies employed that will cater to the needs of students with learning disabilities. These inclusive strategies can range from individualized learning programs to team and co-teaching. In some cases, the teacher can arrange for a special education teacher or arrange for a pull out program to assist students who have learning disabilities. Strategies that will also cater to learning disabilities may also include the use of technology. According to Ford 2013 ‘In some situations it may be best for students with LD to be taught in separate pull out classrooms with a teacher who can provide targeted skill instruction in areas where a student is struggling.’ ‘When provided appropriate support within this setting, many of these students can achieve academically and develop positive self-esteem and social skills. (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association 1991). They also recommend that schools should ‘require in-service programs for all school personnel to give them the knowledge and skills necessary to provide education for students with learning disabilities in the regular education classroom.’ Schools should include activities to help participants learn strategies to meet individual needs of students, foster attitudes conductive to educating students with learning disabilities in the regular education classroom, and promote
Inclusion has become increasingly important in education in recent years, with the Education for Persons with Special Educational Needs Act being passed in 2004 to ensure equality in our system. In summary, inclusion is the idea of there being no child...
Every day in America, a woman loses a job to a man, a homosexual high school student suffers from harassment, and someone with a physical or mental disability is looked down upon. People with disabilities make up the world’s largest and most disadvantaged minority, with about 56.7 million people living with disabilities in the United States today (Barlow). In every region of the country, people with disabilities often live on the margins of society, deprived of some of life’s fundamental experiences. They have little hope of inclusion within education, getting a job, or having their own home (Cox). Everyone deserves a fair chance to succeed in life, but discrimination is limiting opportunities and treating people badly because of their disability.
Education is a profession which requires a teacher to be able to communicate with a multitude of students on a variety of levels. There is not a class, or student for that matter, that is identical. Therefore, teachers must be able to identify and help educate students from all different types of backgrounds and at different levels. Teaching a singular subject presents difficulties, but teaching students with disabilities should not be one. There are three main teaching areas that need to be focused on when teaching a student with a learning disability. Teachers need to focus on the strategies that will assist students with reading comprehension skills, writing skills, and maintaining appropriate behaviors in a classroom setting.
Dating back to the 1800s and earlier, society’s perspectives of people with disabilities were misunderstood. This “lack of understanding” consequently led to ridicule, rejection, labelling and stigmatisation of not only people with disabilities but people who were different to the ‘norm’ of society (Duke, 2009, p. 3). Over the years there has been a significant shift in social attitude, particularly in how students with disabilities should be educated. These social attitudes of the past and the contemporary attitudes of society today have ultimately steered the development of a more inclusive society. According to Konza (2008) ‘nominalisation’ is a significant factor to the changing attitudes of society. Nominalisation encompasses the notion that people with disabilities are entitled to “...