A Study of Depression and Relationships
A primary concern for Psychology research is depression. Depression affects a great deal of our population and many aspects of an individual's mental health and well-being. In my research of books, articles, and Internet pages on depression, I chose to base my paper mainly on a 1994 article of a study of depression, entitled Depression, Working Models of Others, and
Relationship Functioning, by Katherine B. Carnelley, Paula R. Pietromonaco, and
Kenneth Jaffe.
This study focuses on the idea that the type of care received in childhood, positive or negative, has a great effect on relationship functioning later in adulthood. But there are two links between child-rearing and relationship functioning: attachment style and depression. Both derive from the type of care received in childhood and affect relationship functioning, and both exert a reciprocal influence on each other in adulthood. The researchers of this study wanted to examine all the correlation's between type of care, attachment style, depression, and relationship functioning. They proposed a three part hypothesis: 1. A less positive childhood would result in an insecure attachment style and depression, 2. Depressives would exhibit a preoccupied or fearful style of attachment, and 3. attachment style would affect relationship functioning more than depression.
The research was conducted in two independent studies. The first study sampled 204 college women. Women were studied based on the very plausible assumptions that women are more susceptible to depression than men and relationships carry more significance with women than men. The women were screened using the Beck Depression Inventory, a popular method of testing consisting of 21 multiple choice questions to be administered by a clinician.
The questions range in scope from feelings of sadness to loss of libido. From these results, a sample of 163 was taken: 73 whose scores indicated mild depression. From this point the researchers administered various inventories to assess the type of childhood care given, romantic attachment styles, and relationship functioning.
Depression appears to be the independent variable, because the sample was selected based on desired levels of depression. Once the distinction in levels of de...
... middle of paper ...
...s is through hereditary.
Almost 40-50 percent of the siblings of manic depressive's children also have a depression disorder. It is sometimes however hard to decipher between a normal teenager's mood swings, or a depression. People need to realize not to discriminate, and know that it is a treatable chemistry imbalance. If one's teenager is acting in a depressive state have them talk to a psychologist, and assure them nothing is wrong with them, and that it can only help.
I chose to do my research on this given that I am manic depressive. I had recently broken up in a relationship, and this research helped to satisfy some curiosities. With this research I realize how much I have been helped, and it helped to explain some of my personality traits. Someone who has manic depression should definitely go in for help, and should realize the risk of not.
The research shows that the interaction between relationship functioning, depression, and attachment style are attributable to early childhood. In other words, an individual's experiences in his or her formative years can have lasting psychological effects, up to the most basic social functions in
adulthood.
The social constructive approach to depression is summed up by 'the fact that the body became legible does not imply that some invariant biological reality was finally revealed to medical enquiry. The body was only legible in that there existed in the new clinical techniques a language by which it could be read.' (Armstrong, 1983) which exemplified the subjective practice of this approach. This methodology is qualitative and focuses on how objects and events are constituted in talk and texts. Also how social identities are created using cultural discourses. It analysis depression through discourse, resources and processes in conversations, interviews and ethnomethodology. It examines what people say and how they say it and what cultural resources
Ross, C. E. (1999). Overweight and depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35(1), 63-79.
...y of international trends. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology , 45 (9), 889 - 897.
Early childhood development plays a significant role in the formation of serial killers. Future serial killers can first appear during the early stages of life, if children display a lack of connection to other people or do not adequately bond to people (Thomas). Anger may stem from this “avoidant attachment” (Thomas). (Example).
Kahn, Ada P., and Jan Fawcett. The Encyclopedia of Mental Health. 2nd ed. New York: Facts On File, 2001.
In previous years the debate over bilingual education tended to focus more on the feasibility of educating English language learners in an English-only or dual language environment. However, in more recent years the focus has begun to shift towards how English language learners should be taught and with what tools. With information technology becoming more widespread, of course technology in the classroom is now a topic ripe with possibilities and the term multimedia is now widely heard in schools. Information in printed form has long been the traditional method for introducing concepts and lessons within the school system. However, education is now moving away from books into the world of technology as a way to increase learning activity.
Katon, W., and Sullivan, M. D., (1990) Depression and Chronic Mental Illness. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, v.51. pgs. 8-19
There is an extreme social gap in Brazil between the lower and upper classes involving salaries, economic resources, access to health care, and disease rates. Many of the lower socioeconomic populations are located in the North, Northeast regions of the country where unemployment rates are high. Nearly half of the workers in the Northeastern region earn less than the minimum wage, compared to four-fifths of the Southeastern workers earning more than five times the minimum wage (Martins & Momsen n.d.). The Central Intelligence Agency estimated that 21.4% of Brazilians are below the poverty level, and 4% fall into the extreme poverty level. On a more positive note, in the past 10 years, 33 million Brazilians rose above the poverty level with
Depression is the most common mental health disorder; it affects over 17 million American adults each year. Depression is a mood disorder characterized by at least four symptoms such as changes in sleep, appetite, weight, and psychomotor activity; decreased energy, feelings of worthlessness or guilt; difficulty thinking, concentrating, or making decisions; or recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation, thoughts or attempts. “Women are approximately two times more likely than men to suffer from major depression” (Research Agenda for Psychosocial and Behavioral Factors in Women’s Health, 1996) and it has been called the most significant mental health risk for women. Women are more likely to suffer from depression during marriage than if single, unlike men who are more likely to suffer depression when single than married, and increases with the number of children in the house (American Psychiatric Association, 1994, p.317). There are many contributing factors to depression in women including but not limited to: hormonal, genetic, infertility, menopause, family responsibilities, gender roles, sexual abuse, work related issues, and financial problems. (National Institute of Mental Health, June 1999). Depression in women is mentally and physically painful but has treatment options available.
infed.org,. (2013). Helping relationships - principles, theory and practice. Retrieved 28 June 2014, from http://infed.org/mobi/helping-relationships-principles-theory-and-practice/
According to the article “What a Killer Thinks,” by Dave Cullen, there are three categories of killer motivation: the psychopath, the delusionally insane, and the depressed. In serial killing, the motivation falls into the category of psychopaths. The psychology of these people are generally that they simply enjoy killing or feel a need to kill, which is why they murder so many people. According to the article, they state that “They seem to be born with no capacity for empathy,...
The healthcare system in both the US and Colombia are a mixed market system. In fact, the system in Colombia is an attempt to replicate the US healthcare system. Furthermore, the private health insurance companies in Colombia are very similar to the managed care companies in the US (Webster,
Animal therapy can improve patients stress levels by distracting patients from their condition and by making the patients feel a sense of normalcy through the discomfort caused by the illnesses that are affecting them. The sense of normalcy and making the patient feel that their recovery is progressing reduces much of the stress that patients are in. Stress shows itself in many ways including raised blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate, and tightened muscles. All of these can make a patient feel more anxious and have abnormal vital signs. “Interacting with animals has been shown to reduce blood pressure and cholesterol, decrease anxiety and improve a person’s sense of wellbeing” (Miller). A therapy session that can result in this effect
eat lunch or just to have a snack. People do not even have time for
According to Lindsay Taylor, Depression is a chronic disorder, which if not immediately treated it will subject the sufferer and his or her immediate social network to a very poor quality of life (Taylor 2014). This is the case because it is a multifaceted condition that affects the sufferer emotionally, socially, psychically and mentally. Roughly 20 million people in the United States suffer from depression every year, and 1 in 4 young adults will suffer an episode of depression before age 24. Operating in a stressful work environment is known as one of the most common depression triggers. If someone works in a tough environment, they will feel more depressed than someone who works in an easy going environment. Depression is very common among