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Collaboration features of inclusive teaching
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List five benefits of PALS. Explain why they are valuable to teachers or students.
PALS accommodates learners with different levels of academic ability. This strategy can be implemented for students with learning disabilities, ELLs, general education students, and high-achievers. Therefore, PALS is great for inclusion classrooms. In addition, students work with their peers, rather than constantly with the teacher. This is advantageous for several reasons. It can be more motivating for students, it promotes collaboration and interaction. In addition, if students are working with each other, the teacher’s time is freed to work with students individually and provide the necessary levels of support and feedback. Furthermore, the skills learned
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in PALS are cumulative. Finally, PALS is easily implemented, without substantial cost. Principals will likely appreciate this Compare and contrast the specific reading skills addressed by K-PALS and first-grade PALS. K-PALS sessions typically last 20–30 minutes and address phonological awareness, and decoding and word recognition. First-grade PALS sessions usually last approximately 40 minutes and also address the decoding and comprehending of text. However, First-grade PALS also focuses on reading fluency and helping students do well on their tests. In comparison, K-PALS is more about recognizing the letters and the sounds associated with them. Compare the recommended method of grouping students for K-PALS to the method suggested for first-grade students. In K-PALS, students are grouped in pairs, the highest performing students paired with the lowest performing ones. Therefore, the highest performing student will be paired with the student who scored lowest, the second highest student with the second lowest student, and so forth until the two middle students are paired together. For first-grade PALS, students are divided into two groups, again, higher and lower performing students.
However, this time, students are paired off with each other in descending order of ability. So, the highest student at the high-performance level will be paired with a student at the highest level of low-performance level. The lowest performer in the high level will eventually be paired with the lowest-performing student in the low-performance level.
Imagine that you are Ms. Sweeney, a kindergarten teacher implementing PALS. Of your 20 students, one is absent, leaving one student without a partner. How would you ensure that each student could participate in your regularly scheduled K-PALS session?
I would have that one student join another group, forming a group of three. The students would take turns acting as readers and coaches, respectively. I would monitor them to ensure all three students have a chance to be in both roles. I would also take into account the extra student’s performance level when forming this three-member group to ensure the grouping runs smoothly.
Imagine you are Mrs. Miselem, a first-grade teacher, and you are planning to implement PALS for the first time. What two steps might you take to promote a healthy team
environment? To motivate students, I would give out points when students completed their lessons stay on task, follow directions, and cooperate with one another. Once students accumulate a certain number of points, they could exchange those points for a small prize. In addition, I would also utilize the friendly competition aspect of PALS. The class would be grouped into two teams (which change over the course of the year). The members of the group would tally all their points together, and the team that earned more points would win that week. Both groups would be congratulated for their efforts, but I would likely give the winning team some bonus points or some other prize to serve as a motivator.
3. Question: From the video, what specific kinds of supports and teaming did you observe in the classroom that ensured Samantha’s participation?
She is able to receive assistance from a speech- pathologist for her language twice a week because of free appropriate public education (FAPE). A recommended practice that is trending now is to place students in their least restricted environment, where they can learn the most. In order for her to still receive her assistance and be in her least restricted environment, she is placed in a growing trend of inclusion classrooms. This trend is influencing special education and education in general because it is the view that everyone needs to be able to accept the student with a disability equally as anyone else. Although, the book discuss different views of inclusion in the classroom, inclusion classes are considered to be possible and necessary for twenty-first- century education that we are facing now. This is why Elizabeth spends the majority of her school day in a general education classroom instead of spending all her time in a special education classroom. It is also important to note that Elizabeth’s teachers have to collaborate together to support her because educators are now being expected to use evidence- based practices that work in the classroom. The practices that are used for Elizabeth are recommended practices in the special education and schools. It was shown that the practices being used for Elizabeth are effective because the teacher stated that she saw improvements in both her social and academic growth. The different aspects of Elizabeth’s program provides examples of the different aspects of special education including the programs or services that are available, what trends are happening
Students with disabilities who are in self-contained classrooms struggle with many issues pertaining to independence. In their classrooms they become more dependent on their teachers and classroom peers (Jones & Hensley, 2012). This is the opposite of what is needed for these students (Jones & Hensley, 2012). Learning is a full circle process, which encompasses more than academics. In order for students with disabilities to obtain a complete education, inclusion in social dynamics should be an integral part of their learning environment (Arnon, Shamai, & Ilatov, 2008).
Educators can have strong feelings on the subject because having special needs students in a regular classroom can have a large impact on the classroom community. Those who believe in inclusive classrooms realize that, to be successful, it requires allot of classroom management and differentiated instruction, but feel the benefits are worth the work involved. Those who do not believe in inclusion feel that it leads to “l...
What do we do with children with disabilities in the public school? Do we include them in the general education class with the “regular” learning population or do we separate them to learn in a special environment more suited to their needs? The problem is many people have argued what is most effective, full inclusion where students with all ranges of disabilities are included in regular education classes for the entire day, or partial inclusion where children spend part of their day in a regular education setting and the rest of the day in a special education or resource class for the opportunity to work in a smaller group setting on specific needs. The need for care for children with identified disabilities both physical and learning continues to grow and the controversy continues.
Instruction. These two strategies are approaches that address classroom diversity in general education settings, and inclusion classroom settings. The idea of UDL is that instructional lessons, strategies, and assessments are planned with supports, which are more likely to be well-suited for students with special needs. The supports minimize the need for adaptations at a later time. Properly designed classrooms require fewer adaptations for students with special needs, is an ass...
“The 1% of US students with labels of severe disabilities including mental retardation have been historically excluded from ‘inclusive’ education” (Bentley, 2008, p. 543). Laws such as PL 94-142 and “No Child Left Behind” (as cited in Bentley), say that ‘public school students with all types of disabilities be educated in the least restrictive environment—‘to the maximum extent possible…with children who do not have disabilities’ the majority of these students with special education labels, such as, mental retardation and multiple disabilities are still isolated in special education classrooms (Bentley, 2008, p. 545). Wehmeyer (as cited in Bentley), points out that mere access does not promote authentic participation (Bentley, 2008, p. 546). Burkowski et al (as cited in Webster and Cater), “Friendship has been defined as a bond between two individuals that is stable across time and involves mutual affection, mutual preference and having fun together” (Webster and Carter, 2007, p. 201). It is up to parents, teachers and other paraprofessionals to seek ways to facilitate and encourage the types of positive interactions that will foster these types of friendships. If done successfully all students will benefit and there will be true inclusion.
Inclusion in classrooms is defined as combining students with disabilities and students without disabilities together in an educational environment. It provides all students with a better sense of belonging. They will enable friendships and evolve feelings of being a member of a diverse community (Bronson, 1999). Inclusion benefits students without disabilities by developing a sense of helping others and respecting other diverse people. By this, the students will build up an appreciation that everyone has unique yet wonderful abilities and personalities (Bronson, 1999). This will enhance their communication skills later in life. Inclusive classrooms provide students with disabilities a better education on the same level as their peers. Since all students would be in the same educational environment, they would follow the same curriculum and not separate ones based on their disability. The main element to a successful inclusive classroom, is the teachers effort to plan the curriculum to fit all students needs. Teachers must make sure that they are making the material challenging enough for students without special needs and understandable to students with special needs. Inclusive classrooms are beneficial to students with and without special needs.
...al. When I need to quickly pair up students, I will tell them to find their twelve o’clock buddy or six o’clock buddy. For example, students will meet with their buddy periodically during the writing process. Each student will share two complements and one suggestion on their partner’s work. In math class each member will share with a partner their method for solving a problem. Many other times during the day, I will simply tell the students to turn to their table partner and share their work.
The idea of inclusion within a classroom tends to breed controversy from many people. Currently there is no clear consensus on a definition of inclusion (Heward, 2006). There are many different views on how students with disabilities should be handled. Those views ranged from students being fully included, partially included, or not included at all in mainstream schooling. Different descriptions of inclusion tend to reflect the person's own opinions towards it. People who feel students should not be included in the classroom focus on the negative characteristics of inclusion, such as the challenges of developing plans for students as well as the hard work it requires to incorporate those plans. However, studies show that full inclusion has many benefits to the students, for both students with disabilities as well as students without them. Inclusion has shown to improve the student's social skills, encourage communication, inspire laws and regulations, and improve the overall schooling experience (Gargiulo, 2012). Although it will take longer then some would like or have the patience for, full inclusion can be done in the classroom, with its benefits outweighing the hard work that it requires.
Students with learning disabilities in the regular classroom may have challenges that require special attention. If the teacher is able to identify the disabilities and the features associated with them then the teacher can tailor the lessons to meet the needs of the students. These may include differentiated instruction and facilitating an inclusive classroom which will see inclusive strategies employed that will cater to the needs of students with learning disabilities. These inclusive strategies can range from individualized learning programs to team and co-teaching. In some cases, the teacher can arrange for a special education teacher or arrange for a pull out program to assist students who have learning disabilities. Strategies that will also cater to learning disabilities may also include the use of technology. According to Ford 2013 ‘In some situations it may be best for students with LD to be taught in separate pull out classrooms with a teacher who can provide targeted skill instruction in areas where a student is struggling.’ ‘When provided appropriate support within this setting, many of these students can achieve academically and develop positive self-esteem and social skills. (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association 1991). They also recommend that schools should ‘require in-service programs for all school personnel to give them the knowledge and skills necessary to provide education for students with learning disabilities in the regular education classroom.’ Schools should include activities to help participants learn strategies to meet individual needs of students, foster attitudes conductive to educating students with learning disabilities in the regular education classroom, and promote
Set up cycles of school-wide inquiry into learning and teaching performance. Allow for optimal times for group members get together and discuss projects one on one.
If you’re in the red zone of nearly failing a class don’t wait until the last minute to do something. Check out a tutoring for that specific course and try your best to practice. Tutoring is a resource for students who need the support and guidance in order to better their grade and learning abilities. Going to someone who has information on a subject you’re having difficulties with and unable to speak to your professor about is better than waiting for your grades to drop. Even if you’re in the clear for passing the class if you need some support on homework or any assignment a tutor on campus is able to help you through it all.
Alone time. We all know what it is but some people see it as a negative thing when it is actually the complete opposite. Alone time can be a really good thing for your health, both physical and mental. Alone time benefits our lives and us as people in numerous ways but there can also be too much off a good thing. Just as alone time can be good for you, too much alone time can be devastating to your health, mind, body, and relationships. Today I am going to share with you the benefits of taking some time for yourself each day and why you should be doing so, the difference between alone time and the feeling of loneliness, and why you should be cautious as to not spend too much time alone. First, I am going to tell you what alone time is and the
The partnership may involve use of school or neighbours facilities and equipment, sharing other resources, collaborative fund raising and grant applications, volunteer assistance, mentoring and training from professionals and others with special expertise, information sharing and dissemination, networking, recognition and public relations, shared responsibility for planning, implementation and evaluation of programs and services, expanding opportunities for internships, jobs, recreation and building a sense of community.