FOUNDER AND THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE TURKISH REPUBLIC Atatürk was born in 1881 at the Kocakasım ward of Salonika, in a three story pink house located on Islahhane Street. His father is Ali Rıza Efendi and his mother Zübeyde Hanım. His paternal grandfather, Hafız Ahmed Efendi belonged to the Kocacık nomads who were settled in Macedonia during the XIV - XV th centuries. His mother Zübeyde Hanım was the daughter of an Old Turkish family who had settled in the town of Langasa near Salonika. Ali
Turkish War of Independence started with the first bullet shot at enemy on 15 May 1919 during the Gerek occupation of Ýzmir. The fight against the victors of the First World War who had divided up the Ottoman Empire with the Treaty of Sevres signed on 10 August 1920, initially started with the militia forces called Kuva-yi Milliye. Turkish Assembly later initiated a regular army and achieving integration between the army and the militia, was able to conclude the war in victory. The significant stages
governing, the contrasting views create a perspective on the highly influential leader. To clearly understand whether Mustafa Kemal Ataturk advanced or destroyed the principles throughout the Turkish revolution, one must define these principles and highlight their importance towards the Turks. Independence, equality and fraternity, which were the major concepts that defined the very spirit of the Kemalist revolution. Quoted from Ataturk himself “Sovereignty is not given, it is taken.” (P. Kinross
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk born on 1881 was the first president of Turkey. He fought in the First World War as an army general and he was also a revolutionary who led the young Turks in abolishling the caliphate. He was given the name Ataturk in 1934 when surnames in Turkey were first introduced and like the meaning of his name ‘Ataturk’ he was the credited founder of the Republic of Turkey. The fall of the great Ottoman Empire was officially marked with the Treaty of Severes. The victors, Britain and
one of Turkish Sultan told a reporter that there will be a massacre against the Armenians known as “box on the ear.” In 1895 there were Ottoman forces that killed 2,500 Armenian women who were burned to death in Urfa Cathedral. Through 1894-1896 there were 80,000 Armenians killed from the massacre. Surmounting evidence shows that the events that took place during the Armenian Genocide directly reflect the five stages of the Pyramid of Hate. Many Armenians were killed due to the Turkish government
reduced to half its original size. Consequently, they soon became known as the “Sick Man of Europe”. So the question remains: How did the Ottoman Empire lose power throughout the early 19th century to Post-World War 1? And, how did they gain back key territories after the war to form a new Turkish state? now known as Turkey. There are many factors that played into the demise and second uprising of the empire, but there
more powerful countries in the region after both world wars. When the Ottoman Empire collapsed after World War I, the Kurds were promised their own independent nation under the Treaty of Sevres. In 1923 however, the treaty was broken allowing Turkey to maintain its status and not allowing the Kurdish people to have a nation to call their own. The end of the Gulf war, Iran-Iraq war, the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the end of the cold war has reinvigorated a Kurdish Nationalist movement. The movement
that says the interest of one nation is superior to the other, and what holds them together is the belief to form independence in their culture and ethnicity. In the Balkans and Middle East religion is the most important element to establish a nation. Moreover, a nation is not a natural thing but created through nationalism. The main objectives to form nationalism is to gain independence, to become modern and then to develop a positive identity. Recent development in India, points out two pillars
Mübadele” or 1923 exchange of Greek and Turkish populations was not the first attempt to formalise the population exchange but it is one of the earliest and most controversial international treaties on this subject (Barutciski, 2004) and the first internationally ratified compulsory population exchange. With the convention concerning the exchange of Greek and Turkish populations at Lausanne, after 1st May 1923 Muslims in Greek territories and Greek Orthodox in Turkish territories were compulsorily exchanged
be a genocide even till this day. The Turkish government deliberately had an intent to isolate and destroy the Armenians. They had an organized plan to carry out the killings and the acts of the Turkish government can be considered as the destruction of Armenians, not just the killings of them. The mass murder of this specific group of people during World War One should be identified as a genocide not only in this course but around the world as well. The Turkish government had a reason to get rid of
decline were now finally affected them. Referred to as the “Sick Man of Europe” in the 18th Century it was finally coming to realization that the great empire that wanted to conquer the world was about to fall. While you can look at their defeat in World War I as the reason for its collapse, there were internal struggles within the Empire that made its political and cultural identity out of date in the ever changing world of the 20th Century. While the powers in Europe were no strangers to colonization
Muhammad and Karl Marx instructed their disciplines through informal education. Turkish State and Turkish Society give great importance to the education since the Turkish Republic was established in 1923. The fall of Ottoman Empire at the end of the first world war and the foundation of the republic after the successful conclusion of the war of independence are two important factors which have made the existence of the new Turkish Society possible. The great desire of this society which is adopted in the
http://college.hmco.com/history/west/mckay/western_society/7e/students/outlines/ch26.html Western penetration of Egypt Muhammad Ali built a modern state in Turkish held Egypt that attracted European traders. He drafted the peasants, reformed the government, and improved communications. The peasants lost out because the land was converted from self-sufficient farms to large, private landholdings to grow cash crops for export. Ismail continued the modernization of Egypt, including the completion of
concept; it’s only about one hundred years old. It did not really develop until after world war one. It is basically he result of three major influenced: 1.) The breakup of the Ottoman Empire after world war one and the emergence of modern states that no longer shared a common religiously rooted ideology that was Islamic based and religiously sociopolitical order. 2.) The intensified struggle for independence from political and religiocultural dominance of European imperialism. 3.) The ideological
Lawrence of Arabia The Sykes-Picot Agreement was an agreement that was concluded in May of 1916, by two British and French diplomats, Sir Mark Sykes and Georges Picot. The Agreement regarded the partition of the Ottoman Empire once The First World War had ended. It effectively split the area known as Asia-Minor into a ‘’British sphere of influence’’ and a ‘’French sphere of influence’’. While these territories weren’t actually ‘’owned’’ by either country, in practice they were in control at both
Every Armenian remembers the date which he/she lost a family member. On April 24, 1.5 million Armenians were systematically massacred in western Armenia during the years of 1915 to 1923. Turkish governments always denied the charges, historians and government officials relied on undeniable documents and eyewitnesses that Turkey is responsible for the crimes it committed to the Armenian people. Not very many countries recognize the massacre as a genocide, but France, Russia, Sweden, Greece, Argentina
Mycenaean and Achaean Greeks, a migration process that lasted for more than a century. They brought with them to the island the Hellenic language, culture and religion. Legend has it that the first Hellenes who settled in Cyprus were heroes of the Trojan war. The arrival of the Achaeans greatly influenced town planning, architecture, and pottery. Since then Cyprus has remained predominantly Greek in culture, language and population despite influences resulting from successive occupations. Iron Age More
the island of Cyprus. While it would be convenient to refer to it as the country of Cyprus, only half of the island is considered such by the rest of the world. Since 1974, Cyprus has been divided, Turkish Cypriots in the north and Greek Cypriots in the South. On March 18, 2011 the leaders of Turkish Cyprus and Greek Cyprus met to talk about unification. 4 Despite the efforts, it can be argued that while reunification might seem plausible, it is not probable. The difference b... ... middle of
shotguns, and home made bombs," when facing the French imperialists, where the French imperialists had more modern weapons due to industrialisation.(Algerian war: 1954 to 1962) In order to take power away from the Turkish in Algeria, 37,000 members of the French army invaded the west of Algeria in June of 1830, and fought against the Turkish. The Turkish surrendered on July 4th of 1830, and the French invaded Algeria the following day. (Lutsky) However, “this success brings France only a small region round
a special national day. The national day or the Republic day of Turkey is on 29 October ,1923. It is Anniversary of the proclamation of the Turkish Republic. Second example of the national holidays is Atatürk Memorial Day on November 10. On November 10, 1938 Mustafa Kemal, the founder of Turkish Republic died. Since then, every year at November 10 the Turkish people stand silent in commemoration of him. Some people visit Anıtkabir “memorial tomb” in Ankara during this day. Third example of the national