EDUCATION IN TURKEY
Education is the act or process of providing knowledge skills or competence by a formal course of instruction or training. Through out history societies have sought to educate their people to produce goods and services, to respond effectively and creatively to their world, and to satisfy their curiosity and aesthetic impulses. To achieve reliable knowledge and to think systematically. Over the course of human history education has appeared in many forms, both formalised and informal. Major thinkers have always recognised the educational value of intellectual exploration and of concrete experimentation. Most societies have attempted to standardise the behaviour of their members. These societies have apprenticeship systems by which the young have learned to imitate the beliefs and behaviours of a given group. Teachers have worked within schools of thought cults, monasteries and other types of organisations to shape desired convictions, knowledge and behaviour. Such philosophical and religious leaders as the Budha, Confucius, Pythagoras, Jesus, Moses, Muhammad and Karl Marx instructed their disciplines through informal education.
Turkish State and Turkish Society give great importance to the education since the Turkish Republic was established in 1923. The fall of Ottoman Empire at the end of the first world war and the foundation of the republic after the successful conclusion of the war of independence are two important factors which have made the existence of the new Turkish Society possible. The great desire of this society which is adopted in the social and economic fields to the general life conditions of western civilisations is to work for the benefit of mankind while enjoying all the privileges of civilised life within the family of Nations. In order to reach this goal, it has above all been necessary to establish an educational system in all its stages in such a way as to diffuse its light to all classes of the population.
Bases of the Turkish Education leans to the last years of the Ottoman Empire. The road towards modern education was charted by Selim III and Mahmud II and was followed with accelerated speed by their successors. In the 1876 constitution, educational reforms had been mentioned for the first time ‘For education continued to be regarded as the necessary foundation for the reorganization of the empire and the creation of a cadre of new leaders to maintain it’ As one contemproary writer put it ‘The solution of the ‘sick man’ was not through extemination but through education’.
This quote explains how education was available for everyone, which helped those who were illiterate who had learning disabilities. Additionally, “A whole new educational system was created in which traditional education was thrown out and new, innovative techniques were implemented that emphasized self-activity, collectivism, and choice, and that drew on students’ prior experience, knowledge, and interaction with the real world” (Text 2). In this quote, Behrent explains how the education that was brought up by Stalin, led to positive effects for Russia’s society. As a result, according to the text, the literacy rate in Russia dramatically increased and Stalin’s new education system was a success.
Liberal democracy in Europe fell apart during WWI , and just as it did there the same could have happened in California. Along with the Great Depression, and the devastation it was causing, the communist saw an opportunity, and took it. The fear that became part of communism overshadowed the benefits, as well as the threat against American values, such as the free market, and maximum profits. Laws were created to deter people from striking, such as the Criminal Syndicalism Law. Viewed as terrorists, communism gained much negative attention and received negative connotation in a nation where wealth is valued, and big business rules. The negative connotation was largely a consequence of strikers becoming violent, as well as growers who became involved in vigilante groups. How communism is viewed is dependent, on who a person is; where growers were against it because unionization provided farmworkers a lot of power, but farmworkers supported it because it would improve their life and provide economic
Education is in itself a concept, which has changed over the millennia, can mean different things and has had differing purposes according to time and culture. Education may take place anywhere, is not constrained by bricks and mortar, delivery mechanisms or legislative requirements. Carr (2003. p19) even states, “education does not necessarily involve teaching”. Education, by one definition, is the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life (education, n.d.).
Smoking can cause many lung and heart diseases as well as many forms of cancer.
Marriage ceremonies are held to the highest traditional standards in the six Iroquois nations, specifically the Mohawk. A marriage signifies a lifelong relationship and there is no end. There are no Mohawk customs for the notion of divorce. Mohawk nations believe in a matrilineal society. In this society the woman is the head of the household and highly respected by her husband and family. The marriage process of the Mohawk nations includes seven traditional elements; the rite of transformation, arranged marriages, wedding wheel, the longhouse, marriage instruction, marriage questions, marriage baskets, feather dances, and traditions conducted at the end of the ceremony.
In Texas an officer with a body camera was on call where there were potentially dangerous dogs. According to the police department the dog became aggressive while the officer was trying to secure the dog, the dog was shot when it charged at the officer. This does seem reasonable, yes, but according to the family the dog was not aggressive at all and when it approached the officer it was wagging it’s tail and generally happy. On the camera from the officer he is heard whistling at the dog and is seen approaching it before shooting
Aggression is a critical part of animal existence, which is a driving force to humans, as we too are animals. The source of aggression within humans is an ongoing list so therefore, we must understand the definition of aggression. Aggression in psychology defined by the World Book Encyclopedia is hostile behavior that may hurt or upset other people. Such behavior may take the form of physical attack against people or their possessions, or verbal abuse (Larsen, 2000). There are many types of aggressive behaviors which we must differentiate from. Aggression may be an automatic response to such experiences as pain or danger. In other cases, it is a deliberate action with a definite purpose (Larsen, 2000). Some people act out of hostility to gain money, pleasure, power or prestige. Other aggressive behavior is intended to cause physical or psychological injury (Larsen, 2000). For example, an aggressive behavior can be negative or positive, accidental or intended and physical or mental.
Smoking is linked with poor reproductive health in both men and women. In men it has been associated with impotence and reduced sperm count. Women who smoke have greater difficulty becoming pregnant and suffer early menopause. The risks to the fetus of smoking during pregnancy are well known and include increased incidence of miscarriage, neonatal death, and low birth weight. Pregnant woman who smoke are more likely to have babies who have an increased risk of death from sudden infant death syndrome and respiratory distress. They are also more likely to have low birth weight babies. Low birth weight is linked to many infants’ health disorders.
Smoking is not only had for the internal environment, it is also bad for the internal organs as well. Smoking can cause a number of diseases and reduce overall health in smokers (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). When an individual smokes, they increase their chances of getting cancer not only in the lungs, but other organs such as the bladder, mouth, stomach, liver, colon and rectum, to name a few (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). Smoking has also been known to cause leukemia. Every cigarette smoked affects breathing and causes scarring of the lungs (Be Tobacco Free). On the other hand, smoking increases a smoker’s chance of developing cardiovascular diseases due to smoking. They have a greater chance of developing hypertension (high blood pressure), strokes, heart attacks, aneurysms, etc. (American Heart Association). Chemicals in tobacco smoke harms blood cells and damages heart functions (Be Tobacco Free). On the contrary, a pregnant woman is at risk for harming not only herself, but her fetus before, during, and after birth (March of Dimes). When a woman smokes durin...
Education is immediate in the basis and mediated in its expansion. The basis of education lays in cultural matrices. They generate, transform, and share meanings and values by the product of several patterns of experience (inconscient, dramatic, biological, aesthetic, artistic, practical, intellectual, religious, etc.), and the spontaneous and self-correcting processes of learning, such as the human cooperation in labor, the human intersubjectivity in language and communication, and the cooperation with others as the basis of legitimate power in the community. The expansion of education is an historical self-consciousness that persons and communities would autonomously affirm.
Data that references to the development of conscientiousness is very slim. Psychologists consider that conscientiousness development begins when individuals are around the age of three. However, C.Halverson, V. Havill, J. Deal, S. Baker et al. (as cited in d. Mroczek et al., 2006, p.217) instead of calling their trait “conscientiousness”, most would reference to this personality trait by sub facets of conscientiousness i.e. attention (the ability to concentrate), self-control (the ability to control impulses), achievement motivation (tendencies to be cautious, planful, and behaviorally controlled), orderliness (the ability to be neat and organized), responsibility (the tendency to be reliable and dependable) (D. Mroczek, T. Little, A. Lang, 2006). Children who are low on conscientiousness at this age tend to be depicted as children who are impulsive, distractible, careless, unreliable, and irresponsible (D. Mroczek et al.,
Turkey’s economy has weathered some spectacular pratfalls in the past, with a major economic crisis in 2001 almost bringing the country to its knees. What’s different in 2004 from the previous "recoveries" is how committed Turkey is to establishing firm economic footing once and for all. The government is swallowing the International Monetary Fund’s painful economic medicine, making tough choices for fiscal discipline.
... base. As the government has made investments to imam hatip high schools, Ottoman Turkish and Arabic courses, their significance has increased. As Gramsci says, ruling class’s selection ascertains everything especially the education,because information is the most important tool to increase ruler’s effectiveness and permanence. The political power produces and uses the information monopoly and this is the resource of education power. Information is a tool that regulates and transforms people. Because of that, all information transfers and implementation processes feed from hierarchy of the government and they are shaped according to it. Sovereignty of the information means sovereignty of the government. Education and ideology are the closely related tools that political power redounds categoricalness and blessedness to its own legitimism. (Çetin, 2001, s. 208).
...e, cool and macho lifestyle. This drives many young people into smoking. The family structure also plays a huge role for children from a smoking family are more likely to adopt the habit from an early age and continue with it to old age. As the first introductory drug, many teens start using this drug at a tender age influencing their peers into this negative practice. Cigarettes are also easily accessible without limitations of age and present in most family stories (Surgeon General, 2012).
Education is a vital part of society. It serves the beneficial purpose of educating our children and getting them ready to be productive adults in today's society. But, the social institution of education is not without its problems. Continual efforts to modify and improve the system need to be made, if we are to reap the highest benefits that education has to offer to our children and our society as a whole.