“Seeing Through Sound: Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) Perceive the Spatial Structure of Objects Through Echolocation”, is a research article which explores how dolphins “see” using echoic-visual and visual-echoic matching. They took various structures made out of PVC and presented each to the dolphin either only visual or only by echolocation. Visual-only objects were displayed in the air so echolocation could not be used and echolocation-only objects were place in the box that was echoically invisible
Abstract: The objective of this study was conducted in order to see if deaf individuals display both better and worse visual skills than having the ability to perceive sounds. Also, to determine if it is possible that early auditory deprivation would cause vision to enhance. The data for this study was collected and analyzed in this way by using bulk of literature on deafness reports; describing the deficiencies in deaf individuals. The subjects undergo three different studies: selective effects
The dorsal portion of the diencephalon comprises three major parts: the epithalamus, the dorsal thalamus (known as the motor thalamus), and the ventral thalamus. The epithalamus consists of the pineal body, the habenular nuclei, the stria medullaris, and the associated paraventricular nuclei. All of these nuclei play key roles in limbic functions. The dorsal and ventral thalamus comprises many nuclear groups that receive inputs from several brain structures and transmits afferent signals to specific
The Genetic Disorder Fatal Familial Insomnia Fatal familial insomnia is a genetic disorder. It manifests itself by many symptoms due to the degeneration of a certain part of the brain, the thalamus. The disease also results in the formation of amyloid plaques. This is the build up of a waxy substance made of proteins associated with polysaccharides. The disease is a result of a mutation of a normal protein that is associated with brain tissue. This is the prion protein. In the case of fatal familial
Description: The limbic system is a sophisticated set of brain structures found above the brainstem and below the cerebrum while lying on both sides of the thalamus. It includes a group of brain structures that surround the brainstem such as the amygdala, hypothalamus, thalamus and hippocampus. These are the main structures, but there are also some minor related areas such as the cingulate gyrus, ventral tegmental area, basal ganglia, and the prefrontal cortex. Function: The limbic system is responsible
are able to have vivid dreams. The cortex can only pass into sleep mode with the help of the are of the brain called the thalamus. The thalamus is one of the two structures that make up the diencephalon, the lower part of the fore brain. Its main function in mammals is as the relay station of sensory information its way to the cortical center. Specific regions of the thalamus, as well as different nuclei process different sensory information on its way to the cortex. In normal sleeping patterns
Theories of Emotions Emotions: Definition: “A response of the whole organism, involving physical arousal, expressive behaviors and conscious experiences are known as emotions” (David Myers, 2007). Explanation: Physiologically emotions are closely related to arousal in the nervous system. They are a kind of complex feeling which affects our behavior by changes in the psychological as well as physical surroundings. The explanation of different events is done by the process of cognition; an important
Synaptic Transmitters Involved in LSD Administration The nearly concurrent discovery of serotonin (5-HT) and LSD-25 in the 1950 's encouraged a lot of research to be done on the relationship between LSD and serotonin, which helped to develop a greater understanding of the role serotonin plays as a neurotransmitter in the brain (Nichols, 2004). Today it is believed that LSD (and other hallucinogens) stimulate 5-HT2A receptors (Kalat, 2004). Activation of these receptors causes cortical
Michelle Torres Mr. Barile English 1A 16 July 2015 Importance of the Brain Thinking seems like something we do that vast amounts of effort is required to assist the process. However, that is not the case. Our brains work in a way that requires little effort for the most part. There are four main parts of our brains that help us involuntarily and those are the cerebrum, cerebellum, limbic system, and the brain stem. Each part of the brain also has important functioning areas within them. So the
fear. After that he took a bunch of rats and lesioned (took out) their auditory cortex and for the others he took out their auditory thalamus. He then played the sound again (followed again by a shock). What his findings showed was that the rats that had the lesion in their auditory cortex still feared the sound. On the other hand, the rats that had their auditory thalamus removed showed now fear when the sound was played after
DRAFTING Proprioception provides an awareness of the body and body positioning without 'continuous reference to consciousness' (Lephart et.al, 1997, p. 131). There are two types of proprioception, being conscious and unconscious. Conscious proprioception concerns joint position sense and kinetic sense (Khasnis & Gokula, 2003). Joint position sense processes joint movement and joint position sensations (Sharp et.al, 1994). These joint sensations provide the awareness of the position of the body and
part of our body and it controls everything from body coordination, thinking processes, and regulating body functions. The brain has enough energy to power a 25watt bulb. Now that’s power! The brain is composed of the cerebrum (and its lobes), the thalamus, hypothalamus, brainstem and cerebellum. The cerebrum consists of the; frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and the occipital lobe. It’s the largest part of the brain and accumulates 85 percent of the weight. (1) Each part of the brain has
Nociception Pain is possibly the most unpleasant sensations our senses can detect. Even though we typically fail to remember what pain feels like when we are not experiencing it, we certainly do not wish to experience pain. Despite pain's unpleasantness, it has to be appreciated for what it is. Namely, a mechanism that allows us to avoid dangerous situations, to prevent further damage, and to promote the healing process. Pain allows us to remove ourselves form dangerous situations, as we attempt
• Touch: Our sense of touch is mainly governed by a huge network of free-nerve endings and touch receptors located near or at the surface of the skin. These receptors combined with the free-nerve endings in the skin are known as the somatosensory system. They are activated by a stimulus, which in turn makes the neural membrane more permeable to sodium ions, thus allowing an action potential to occur (given that the charge exceeds the threshold). The impulse may or may not travel to the brain depending
Does A Split Reality Exist? Déjà vu as a failure of the brain to put "time stamps" on memories. Where or When (Words by Lorenz Hart, Music by Richard Rogers) When you are awake; The things you think come from the dreams you dream; Thought has wings-; And lots of things- are seldom what they seem; Sometimes you think you have lived before; All that you live today.; Things you do – come back to you,; As though they knew the way.; Oh, the tricks your mind can play!; It seems we stood and talked
is a network of neurons that runs from the spinal cord to the thalamus. This is where the sensory input travels through and this controls awareness. It gets your attention while the pons keeps your attention. The thalamus is similar to a train station or a telephone switchboard. It receives information from all of the sense except smell. It sends this information to the brain regions that deal with that respective sense. The thalamus also receives higher brain replies and directs this replies to
1. Acetylcholine: A neurotransmitter that affects our muscle action, our memory, learning, REM (rapid eye movement), sleep, and our emotions. We see Acetylcholine being used when playing a sport. In the peripheral nervous system, Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that transmits signals between motor nerves and skeletal muscles. It acts at neuromuscular junctions and allows motor neurons to activate muscle action. For example, the brain might send out a signal to move the left arm. The signal
in brain and spinal cord Pia mater – fragile, innermost layer of meninges Telencephalon – the cerebrum arises from here • Cerebral hemispheres - the divided regions of the brain Diencephalon – sensory information; has the three subsequent parts • Thalamus – sensory information to the cortex • Hypothalamus – master system for endocrine system and releases or inhibits hormones to be in charge of the pituitary gland • Third ventricle – a hollow space filled with cerebrospinal fluid; produces the cerebrospinal
A signal is passed from the cerebellum to the thalamus to search for signs of danger (“How Our Brains Process Music”). The thalamus works with the hippocampus, the memory center of the brain to find connections between the sound compared to archived sounds or danger associations (“How Our Brains Process Music”). The thalamus connects the the amygdala which results in an emotional response allowing for the “fight or flight” response to
The brain is such a complex and interesting thing to learn about. I learned a lot through the three- dimensional brain activity. Starting with the frontal lobe. The frontal lobes are located under the forehead. These lobes play a key role in movement and reasoning. They are also connected with the limbic system. The parietal lobe is at the top of the head. The parietal lobe gets its intel from the skin, it is very important to processing touch and helping determine how hot or cold it is and the pain