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Limbic system
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Description:
The limbic system is a sophisticated set of brain structures found above the brainstem and below the cerebrum while lying on both sides of the thalamus. It includes a group of brain structures that surround the brainstem such as the amygdala, hypothalamus, thalamus and hippocampus. These are the main structures, but there are also some minor related areas such as the cingulate gyrus, ventral tegmental area, basal ganglia, and the prefrontal cortex.
Function:
The limbic system is responsible for many human emotions or drives and particularly those that relate to our basic survival. Some examples would be fear, anger and emotions related to sexual behaviour. It is also involved with feelings of pleasure that relate to our survival such as eating or sex. Lastly, the limbic system is made up of many different parts and each part is responsible for a specific function.
Main Structures within the Limbic System:
Amygdala: It is two oval shaped masses of neurons involved in emotional responses. The amygdala is vital to your ability to feel certain emotions such as fear and ...
Small, round shape area on the undersurface of the brain that acts as a relay for impulse signals that travel through the brain, the thalamus, and on to the central nervous system. Also plays a vital role in development, retention and recalling of memory and sensory memory movements (Jones, 2006-2013).
The medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus is situated in areas 4 and 6, that is, located in the front of the motor and premotor cortices of the frontal lobe. The medial part of this nucleus (magnocellular part) projects to the ventral medial orbital portion of the prefrontal lobe (Kringelbach, 2005). This particular portion of the prefrontal cortex is called the orbitofrontal cortex of the brain and, it consists of Brodmann area 10, 11 and 47. It receives inputs from the ventral visual stream, and, inputs from the taste, somatosensory and olfactory receptors (Kringelbach, 2005).
The amygdala is located in the brain’s temporal lobe and enables us to feel certain emotions. It is our emotions that make us human and it helps in connecting us with one another. One of the most important emotions that the amygdala is responsible for is our fear response. Flight-or-fight is crucial for the survival of any living being, i.e. when an animal feels cornered and threatened, their body will respond by preparing them to flee, if able, or attack.
...& Buchel, C. (2009). Amygdala activation predicts gaze toward fearful eyes. The Journal of Neuroscience, 29(28), 9123-9126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1883-09.2009
and part of our limbic system, which governs our ability to bond, form and manage
The central system is the main command center for the body and is comprised of the brain and
The human brain is the control center of the human body. It is the most important part of the body, because without a brain, none of us would be alive. In the brain, there are the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem. The cerebrum holds memories, controls movement, and does problem solving and thinking. It is the biggest part of your brain. The cerebellum is underneath the cerebrum; it controls coordination and balance. The brain stem is the part closest to the neck. It controls breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, etc. (Alzheimer's Assosiation, 2011). The brain has two hemispheres as well as the three major sections; the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere. There is not exactly a “music area” in the brain.
LeDoux, J. (1998). The emotional brain. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. (Chapter 4 will go on LN).
A bunch of nerves put together is called the Nervous system. The Nervous system helps with body coordination and provides sensory information about external problems. The nervous system controls the brain, spinal cord, sense organs, etc. Without our nervous system, we would not be able to function, since
amygdala and the hippocampus. Those parts of the brain link fear and memory together. With
Emotion is the “feeling” aspect of consciousness that includes physical, behavioral, and subjective (cognitive) elements. Emotion also contains three elements which are physical arousal, a certain behavior that can reveal outer feelings and inner feelings. One key part in the brain, the amygdala which is located within the limbic system on each side of the brain, plays a key role in emotional processing which causes emotions such as fear and pleasure to be involved with the human facial expressions.The common-sense theory of emotion states that an emotion is experienced first, leading to a physical reaction and then to a behavioral reaction.The James-Lange theory states that a stimulus creates a physiological response that then leads to the labeling of the emotion. The Cannon-Bard theory states that the physiological reaction and the emotion both use the thalamus to send sensory information to both the cortex of the brain and the organs of the sympathetic nervous system. The facial feedback hypothesis states that facial expressions provide feedback to the brain about the emotion being expressed on the face, increasing all the emotions. In Schachter and Singer’s cognitive arousal theory, also known as the two-factor theory, states both the physiological arousal and the actual arousal must occur before the emotion itself is experienced, based on cues from the environment. Lastly, in the cognitive-mediational theory
The limbic system is associated with emotional behavior, long-term memory, and olfaction. Your sense of smell is the first and most primitive sense you use when you are born. It helps newborns to recognize their parents. Our sense of smell is intertwined with our memories formed in our brain.
The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It contains all the tools that are responsible the majority of the brains functions. The cerebrum is split up into four sections: frontal lobe, occiptal lobe and pariental lobe. The cerebrum has two sections the right and the left hemisphere that are connected by axons that send messages to and from one another. The matter in this part is made up of cells that carry signals between the nerve cells and the organs that run through the
The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system. The brain doesn't just control your organs, but also can think and remember. That part of the brain is called the mind.
The nervous system is composed of all nerve tissue in the body. This organ system forms a communication and coordination network between all parts of the body. It plays a major role in everyday activities such as breathing, walking even blinking. It is made up of nerve tissues to receive and transmit stimuli to nervous centers and initiate response. Neurons are nerve cells that transmit signals from one location of the body to another. With damage to the nervous system the body would not be able to function properly. The body has to be well taken care of in order to insure proper regulation. The two anatomical divisions that work hand in hand to help regulate the nervous system are the central and peripheral nervous system. According to the Campbell’s seventh edition biology book the nervous system is the most intricately organized data processing system on earth. It is a complex collection of nerves and specialized cells.