Introduction: Onchocerciasis is a disease of public health and socio-economic importance in Ethiopia. Onchocerciasis, commonly known as “river blindness” is caused by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus it is transmitted to humans by a bite from infected black flies. Worm larvae that are transmitted develop into adults and settle into the fibrous nodules on the human body and produce microfilariae. Prolonged infection to the parasitic worm can lead to blindness and depigmentation of the skin.
Transmission Onchocerciasis, is transmitted by several bites of an infected Simulium female black fly (CDC, 2013). As a result, from its bite microfilariae contribute to the pathogenesis of O. volvulus through immune response of human host(Sace, 2007). It is equally important, to mention the endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia gene. It is found primarily in female microfilariae, has been identified as being the reason for inflammation within the immune system as well as, mast cell development(Andre
Taeniasis). This disease infects the muscles, brain, and t... ... middle of paper ... ...ly. Medical science has staggered parasitic infection in most countries, but parasites still find ways to harm and potentially kill humans. Works Cited "Onchocerciasis." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 21 May 2013. Web. 30 Apr. 2014. "Parasites - Taeniasis." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d. Web
The human population continues to flourish and develop each passing year. With growth and expansion, one can expect to have unexpected continued occurrences of individuals being born with certain disabilities or life event to come about which causes a disability; as the population continues to grow, as will the disabled population. Although the medical field has made breakthroughs to decrease diseases, illness, and other foreseen medical conditions, disabilities will continue to arise. Therefore
worm known as Loa Loa (CDC 2015). This parasite is known as the African eye worm by most people (CDC 2015). Since the presence of people with Loa Loa infection has limited programs to control or eliminate lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) and onchocerciasis (river blindness) whether a person has Loa Loa infection has been more important in Africa. In Central and West Africa 29 million people are more at risk of getting Loiasis in these areas (CDC 2015). Using the epidemiological triangle as follows
this relationship is still in its early stages. O. volvulus has an endosymbiotic relationship with the Wolbachia bacteria. O. volvulus must carry this bacteria or it will not survive its larval stages. Wolbachia and O. volvulus are blamed for onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, and nodding disease. River blindness symptoms include itchy skin, disfigured skin, and visual impairment as severe as permanent blindness. There is little known about nodding disease. Nodding disease induces an
Internal control systems (ICS) play key role in streamlining the operations of organizations. It helps organizations meet their visions, missions, and strategic objectives and conform to industry standards. These controls are put in place to provide reasonable assurance about the achievement of the entity’s objectives with regard to reliability of financial reporting; effectiveness and efficiency of operations and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Internal control is therefore designed
re-emerging infections such as Zika, Ebola, SARS, Elizabethkingia, the ever present threat of an influenza pandemic, high risk behaviors such as substance abuse – spiraling heroin abuse of recent and Neglected Tropical Diseases (Lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminths and trachoma.) that caused health and life expectancy loss with consequential reduced ability to
Animal rights are held entirely too high in regard. Many activist do not realize the benefits of testing on animals. They claim that it is "unethical" or "cruel" to perform experiments on such creatures. The truth is, the world as a whole has advanced tremendously in the past century due to animal experimentation. We are affected every day by at least one thing that has been influenced by animal testing. Many of the things we take for granted would not exist if it were not for experimenting with
Insects are some of the most important creatures in our world. They play a very large role in many tasks that are vital to human surviva,l like pollinating and effective decomposing. Insects have impacted science, environment, human development, and food supply in a variety of ways. Insect pollination is one of the primary beneficial functions of insects on human development. Insect pollination as we all know, is the process that enables reproduction and fertilization by the transfer of pollen performed
INTRODUCTION In Malaysia, rivers have been used as a source of water and various development needs. There is no denying that water is a very significant natural resources. Irrigation, industrial and domestic needs consume water while other development such as recreation, hydroelectric power generation, and transportation rely on the quality and availability of water (Talib, Ariffin, & Baharom, n.d.). However it seems that humans have not realized how significant it is. Deprivation of their quality