been used by other Romanian scientists and philosophers like Constantin Noica, Mihai Draganescu, Alexandru Surdu, Georghe M. Stefan, Constantin Balaceanu, Mihai Golu, Pantelimon Golu,Victor Sahleanu, etc. Meanwhile, another scientist-philosopher, Norbert Wiener, reached conclusions similar to Odobleja's. It is interesting to note that two individuals who worked in and came from such diverse backgrounds and media, reached such similar conclusions within the interval of a decade. Out of the Romanian
“Neurophenomenology: A methodological remedy for the hard problem”, Journal of consciousness studies 3(4) (1996): pp. 330–49. Virno, Paolo, “Angels and the general intellect: individuation in Duns Scotus and Gilbert Simondon”, Parrhesia 7 (2009): pp. 58–67. Wiener, Norbert, Cybernetics: Or control and communication in the animal and the machine (Cambridge, Mass: M.I.T. Pr, c 1961).
irrelevant and only the present value is important for the predicting the future one. So Markov chain property can be expressed as: Pr(X_(n+1)=x┤| X_1=x_1,X_2=x_2,…,X_n=x_n)=Pr(X_(n+1)=x┤| X_n=x_n) where X_1,X_2,X_3,… are random variables. A Wiener process k...
In Norbert Wiener’s co-authored “Behavior, Purpose and Teleology,” the “behavioral” mode of science, at its core, investigates a goal or purpose driven by negative feedback, which requires, respectively, active, purposeful and feedback (teleological) behavior. Wiener begins the article by establishing that “the behavioristic approach consists in the examination of the output of the object and of the relations of this output to the input. By output is meant any change produced in the surroundings
either inherently evil or the cause of trouble? We human beings seem to have a problem with the idea of a person enhanced with technology, or a robot enhanced with Artificial Intelligence (AI). Norbert Wiener, a mathematician, coined the term cybernetics . Although many of his idea's are still used today, Wiener himself began to second guess the value of his work. He wrote that while competition from machines during the first industrial revolution devalued the human arm, the modern industrial revolution
how these technologies are breaking down the barriers that make us human. He starts by introducing us to the history of the concept of the Posthuman, which started with the cybernetic movement of the 1940’s and most influentially the writings of Norbert Wiener. The real popularity of the subject has its roots with Donna Haraways concept of the cyborg. Her concept is a postive rendition of the idea of posthumanism, which focuses on cybernetic technology and genetic modification and how these technologies
Information Ethics The paper addresses theoretical and practical aspects of information ethics from an intercultural perspective. The recent concept of information ethics is related particularly to problems which arose in the last century with the development of computer technology and the internet. A broader concept of information ethics as dealing with the digital reconstruction of all possible phenomena leads to questions relating to digital ontology. Following Heidegger's conception of the
Cybernetics works as a process in nature has been around for a long time. Cybernetics has been known in the community, at least in the time of Plato, where it was used to refer to the government.But in modern times, the term has become widely because of Norbert Wiener wrote a book called “Cybernetics” in 1948. His sub-title was “control and communication in the animal and machine”. Cybernetics could be the general study of control and communication systems in living organismsand machines, especially the mathematical
Part I Key Fundamentals of System Theories The systems theory can be a convenient way of thoughtful about the job of supervision. In real life situation it provides a framework for visualizing internal and external environmental factors as well as an incorporatedentire. It permitsacknowledgment of the proper place and function of subsystems. The systems inside which businessmen must run are necessarily complex. However, management via systems concepts fosters a way of thinking thathelps to dissolve
John Forbes Nash, Jr. (Russell Crowe in the film) is a child prodigy. While other boys his age were playing childhood games, John is reading and studying E.T. Bell’s Men of Mathematics. Learning more at home than he would at school, the young boy is able to solve some of math’s most difficult problems. Studying at Princeton University, Nash is undaunted by other brilliant students and professors. At twenty-one, he writes a doctoral thesis which eventually makes him a Nobel Laureate. Falling in love
Technology has been changing through the decades, from the invention of the radio, computer to the smartphone. It is considered to be how most people in today’s society will choose to accomplish things and interact with others because of their busy lives. There is an idea that says technology can be based around a concept known as cybernetics. Cybernetics basically means being able to look at things from an elaborated perspective that is in the aspect of a scientific point of view. For this purpose
definitive and user-centered working model of interactivity in the arts, a logical place to look is at the history of cybernetics. Cybernetics, defined by Norbert Wiener in Cybernetics: or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine as “…the entire field of control or communication theory, whether in the machine or in the animal” (Wiener 11) contains a number of pointers to a useful model of interactivity. The origin of the term cybernetics from the Greek, meaning “to steer”, implies a
Machine Translation Abstract In this paper, the overview of machine translation (MT) is presented. The original idea of MT has been investigated since 1950s by many research groups and at present many MT systems have been created and developed around the world. Three approaches of MT systems: direct translation, transfer and interlingual approaches are common systems. The main idea of direct translation approach is word-by-word replacement before the transformation of the structure from source
The Effects of World War II on Kurt Vonnegut's Writing February 13, 1945: Dresden, Germany. War is raging across Europe. In a deep underground meat locker beneath Schlacthof-Funf, Slaughterhouse Five, 100 American prisoners and their six German guards feel the Earth move as Royal Air Force bombers lay wreckage to the city above. They can only hear the mass terror as the greatest slaughter in European history takes place, killing an estimated 135,000 civilians
mind before it is developed and changed by experience. Philosopher John Locke believed that at birth and in infancy the mind is completely passive, a clean slate, tabula rasa, on which the experiences of the individual write their own impressions. (Wiener, 2134) (Any influences from drugs, alcohol, by a mother in pregnancy, etc... excluded.) It is a given that an infant’s mind is not yet fully developed early in its life. Especially at this early stage and even far on into a child’s life he is dependent
The Cybernetic Plot of Ulysses A paper delivered at the CALIFORNIA JOYCE conference (6/30/93) To quote the opening of Norbert Wiener's address on Cybernetics to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in March of 1950, The word cybernetics has been taken from the Greek word kubernitiz (ky-ber-NEE-tis) meaning steersman. It has been invented because there is not in the literature any adequate term describing the general study of communication and the related study of control in both machines
There are many types of psychology in the world. Some are used for studying behavior, being educational or counseling someone. People wonder how do we gather information, how we see the world from different perspectives or some insight on how our brain works. Thankfully, there is an area of study that focuses on this direct topic and it is called cognitive psychology. Cognitive psychology is the study of the mind. Its main focuses are the mind as a pathway to process information also including
Technology has been changing through the decades from the invention of the computer to the smartphone. It is how most people in today’s society tend to accomplish things and interact with others because of their busy lives. The idea of technology can be based around a concept known as cybernetics. Cybernetics basically means being able to look at things from a scientific point of view. For this purpose, is that knowing technology and how it can relate to cybernetics will be based on the following
An aspect, that has long since been addressed in design theory, which is how the office automation has impacted on the structure of organisation, now found its way into the social and cultural theory. In the past recent years, computer based technology has become a dominant element in office environments. The aim of technology is not to improve the efficiency in current office works, but to alter the structure of office work. The increase of using automated work system has caused different issues
"birth of artificial intelligence" as some would call it, was in 1956 at the Dartmouth conference. The conference was based on two theories, the principle of feedback theory and the Logic Theorist. The principle of feedback theory was observed by Norbert Wiener. He theorized that all intelligent behavior was the result of a feedback mechanism. An example would be a temperature control system that simply checks the temperature of the room, compares the reading to the desired temperature, and adjusts the