Policy Implications from the Montreal Protocol Executive Summary In the mid 1980s, the international community decided to address the issue of ozone depletion. In 1987, the Montreal Protocol was signed, setting out abatement schedules for major ozone depleting substances. Due to several unique factors surrounding the issue of ozone depletion, the Montreal Protocol was, and continues to be, a great success. That being said, there are a number of problems that parties to the agreement have
pollution can lead to the deteriorating of the ozone layer, the ozone layer is a layer of ozone (O3 gas) in the atmosphere that reflects most of the Sun’s UV-B radiation (radiation that is harmful to humans and all living things). Additionally, the Montreal Protocol, is an international agreement to protect the ozone layer from deteriorating chemicals, it has been signed by 197 countries to protect the ozone layer. There are also many Canadian initiatives that are in effect to protect the ozone layer. These
to simulate what other variants affect the ozone layer, not just the ones we know are harmful. As new products and chemicals are discovered or made, they need to be tested to gauge what, if any impact they will have on the ozone layer. The Montreal Protocol needs to be an ever evolving agreement. I would suggest an annual meeting with all its participants to re-address the list of banned substances and add new ones as they are discovered. With this knowledge we will be able to ensure that are species
Global Warming and Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Chlorofluorocarbons are non-toxic, non-flammable chemicals that are mainly used in the manufacturing of aerosols, blowing agents for foams and packing materials, as solvents, and as refrigerants. They are classified as Halocarbons, a class of compounds that contain carbon and halogen atoms, and are amongst a group of substances called “greenhouse gases”. They eat away at our ozone and raise the temperature of our planet significantly, causing detrimental
We Need a Ban on CFCs Life on this planet Earth is the product of a delicate balancing act provided by nature. Mankind's very existence is totally dependent on this fragile ecosystem's ability to maintain itself. A valuable player in the balance of the environment, the ozone layer, is facing a very serious threat by man. Chloroflourocarbons (CFCs), are chemical agents commonly found in refrigerants, aerosol sprays, and in the manufacturing of Styrofoam and industrial solvents. With the
Here is an environmental question worth asking, "Is ozone good or bad?" Need more context? Okay. Has ozone been beneficial or detrimental to humans over the course of the past century? Unsure? Well read the following and decide. If you're not motivated to do so, consider that if ozone weren't part of the Earth, neither would we be, and, more immediately, if ozone levels aren't kept within certain narrow ranges in the future, the biosphere will suffer greatly. What is ozone? Ozone is the gas in
Chloroflourocarbons Chloroflourocarbons were discovered in the 1920's by Thomas Midgley, an organic chemist at General Motors Corporation. He was looking for inert, non- toxic, non-flammable compounds with low boiling points that could be used as refrigerants. He found what he was looking for in the form of two compounds: dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) and trichloromonoflouromethane (CFC-11). In both compounds, different amounts of chlorine and fluorine are combined with methane, which is a combination
helps prevent farther damage to the Ozone. (Society, January 27 2014) In 1994, the United Nations General Assembly or the UNGA came together and they decided that September 16th would be known as World Ozone Day in memory of the signing of the Montreal protocol that was in 1987. The prediction for the future with all the data and observing in the past 46 years of the ozone (if not taken care of) would be that the present of the damage would continue to grow, and possibly disappear, however if the ozone
What Is the Ozone Hype Anyway? “The ozone is a pale bluish form of oxygen gas with an odor like chlorine, formed by an electrical discharge in the air” (Webster 185). The first time that I thought about this research narrative was the first time that I read the syllabus for class. My immediate reaction was that I could not believe that we were actually going to write a ten-page narrative. I was never expected to write a paper of this length before and I was unsure if I were going to be able
CFC Introduction: The organic compound Chlorofluorocarbon is known as CFC. This compound is made of chlorine fluorine and carbon only. CFC is in the group volatile organic compound. The CFC was first invented or made in 1928. The main purpose of CFC was to uses as refrigerants for refrigeration. Freon is the trade name of CFC .There are some main reasons behind the wide use of CFC. Non-toxic and flammability were the main reason. Around in 1960s the use of CFC increases among the developing nations
Halon Vs PhostrEx Halon has been the choice for aviation around the world for years, but it’s known for effects of depleting the ozone and is evaluated for human health concerns. In results, this gives the Aviation community a different approach when using Halon fire suppression systems aboard aircraft and finding its replacement agent. But finding a replacement agent will not be easy due to the current use of halon on board aircraft around the world. Task groups which are a part of the International
Introduction In The Development of Environmental Regimes: Chemicals, Wastes, and Climate Change, the authors provide a simple framework to analyze the development of global environmental regimes (GER) which ultimately addresses why states sometimes agree to cooperate on global environmental issues despite divergent interests. The chapter is divided into five subsections but begins with an introduction to explain the five processes involved in the development of GERs. The authors address questions
planet... ... middle of paper ... ...nment Programme. (1997) The Climate Change Convention. New York, New York. United Nations Department of Public Information. United Nations, Press Release. (1999, March 16) 84 Countries Now Signed on to Kyoto Protocol. [on-line] http://www.unfccc.de/fccc/conv/presskp.html. Vorlat, Katrien. "The Chemistry of the Atmosphere." International Environmental Law Anthology. Ed. Anthony D'Amato and Kristen Engel. Cincinnati: Anderson, 1996. Warrik, J. (1998
. Carbon Market is a form of trading that specifically targets carbon dioxide (calculated in tonnes of carbon dioxide) and is the bulk of emissions trading. Carbon trading is a common method countries use to meet their obligations from the Kyoto Protocol, which involves an attempt to reduce future climate change. Outside if politics, there are also groups called NGOs: (Non-governmental Organizations) that are not run by state or local governments that operate as nonprofits organizations; these groups
elderly. Currently there is much being done to limit the amount of pollution being released in the environment. There are federal regulations as well as state regulations on the amount of discharge that can be released. In such events as the Montreal Protocol, about 180 countries have come together in an attempt to eliminate the release of all chlorofluorocarbons, (CFC’s), in the near future. CFC’s are responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer. Finally, the EPA has the ability to levy taxes
Mount Royal Park is a significant mark of industrialization, a necessity during industrialization and it couldn’t be built because of it. As a booming industrial metropolis in the 19th century, Montreal faced lots of problems such as pollution, overpopulation, unhealthy living conditions and harsh working environment. Under such circumstances, Mont Royal Park was needed by people, especially working classes as a multifunction public open space by remitting their intensive working stress and reliving
believed he was a descendant of Jacques Cartier without much proof. He attended Sulpician Collège de Montréal and was a diligent and brilliant student. After he completed his secondary eduacation in 1831,
The Uncertain Future of Quebec Culture Gaetan Tremblay, a professor of communications at the University of Quebec at Montreal and deputy manager of the Group of research on cultural industries and social computerization (GRICIS), is a leading researcher for public policies in the field of communications. Tremblay is an advocate of public policy that defends against cultural imperialism by countries such as the United States . In particular, Tremblay studies the effects of the media on culture
The Challenge of Maintaining Quebecois Culture At first glance through Tremblay's article, "Is Quebec Culture Doomed to Become American?" he proposes that the vulnerable and threatened Quebec province is in danger of a cultural invasion by our Big Brother the United States. He fails to directly answer the question "Is Quebec Culture Doomed to Become American?" According to the statistics presented Quebec is hardly in such a bad state. The data outlined in the article assessed the degree of American
Personal Narrative Essay - Application for US Naturalization Form N-400 is otherwise known as the application for US Naturalization. I have started and stopped filling out form N-400 half a dozen times in the past few years. Most recently, I used the excuse that I couldn’t read all of the dates in my passport. Thus I could not give the relevant dates for when I had left and reentered the country over the necessary time period. The other day I downloaded the form again but now I can’t find my