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The causes of ozone depletion
Global warming and ozone layer depletion ppt
The causes of ozone depletion
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The Ozone layer is getting smaller and smaller. It’s constantly and slowly shrinking by 4% every decade or 10 years, and it stared a long time ago. This event is known as Ozone depletion, ozone depletion is the event of "the Ozone layer" (which is in Antarctica) starts to become damage and is caused by the chemical element stratospheric chorine. Stratospheric chorine is one of the many chemicals that can destroy the Ozone layer. There are many ways to stop it or control the amount that it melts. Also there many times that this issue pops up in the US and even around the world. (EPA, January 29, 2014)
The Ozone layer is like our shield that is 10 to about 30 miles above the earth. It protects the world from the sun’s harmful and crazy hot rays that can do serious damage to all living things. But it can also be bad of the ozone was too low to the earth’s surface it can pollute the air and kill or put people in critical condition. If it shrinks too much, which probably could happen, it would no longer keep us safe form the sun.
Many scientist are concerned for the ozone layer, and they are worried that is shrinking too much. They figured out most of it is caused by the chemicals that we humans create. In 1970 scientist saw how much is shrinking and found that chlorofluorocarbons or (CFCs) are hurting the ozone, the CFCs are like the hairsprays, deodorants, and coolers that worked in the refrigerators, and air conditioners are all hurting the ozone layer. Lucky the government banned the products that contained the chemicals that were harming the ozone and made the Clean Air Act. Unfortunately, what stinks is that the Ozone Layer will take about 55 to 60 years to fully heal. (Wikipedia, January 27 2014)
The Ozone is still getting ...
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...ng these products they can change everything in the ozone and you could be a person that helps prevent farther damage to the Ozone. (Society, January 27 2014)
In 1994, the United Nations General Assembly or the UNGA came together and they decided that September 16th would be known as World Ozone Day in memory of the signing of the Montreal protocol that was in 1987. The prediction for the future with all the data and observing in the past 46 years of the ozone (if not taken care of) would be that the present of the damage would continue to grow, and possibly disappear, however if the ozone layer is cared for and treated with care and we replace the CFCs with “Ozone-friendly” chemicals and products then it would be likely that the ozone would being to heal again and it would strengthen the layer and prevent it from depletion.
(National geographic, January 27 2014)
15.2) The accumulation of chlorofluorocarbons is responsible for depleting the atmospheric zone. The atmospheric zone has changed in concentration due to human activity. The CFCs release chlorine atoms which react with ozone reducing it to molecular O₂. Following chemical reactions release the chlorine which reacts with other ozone molecules in a catalytic chain reaction. The ozone layer is getting thinner and thinner as stable air at places such as Antarctica allows reaction to continue. The accumulation of CFCs has led to increased UV radiation in sunlight reaching the earth thereby decreasing ozone levels. The global temperature has increased.
The initial step in photochemical reactions is the absorption of a photon by an atom, molecule, free radical or ion. The result of this absorption is strongly dependent on the energy, in other word the wavelength of the photon. Visible and ultraviolet portion of the light is required to start the photochemical reactions. The absorption can generate dissociation, internal rearrangement, flourescence, or excited species. Photochemical smog can occur in any environment where there are large and continuous emissions of primary air pollutants. However specifics of climate and geography play an important role in the persistence and severity of the photochemical smog. Two factors influencing the formation of photochemical smog:
As the twenty-first century progresses, it has become increasingly apparent just how many challenges the world faces. Prominent among these concerns are environmental issues, in particular, ozone depletion and climate change. While the international community has been exceptionally successful in its struggle to reduce the production and consumption of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), the organic compounds that contribute to the ozone issue, its efforts to tackle climate change have yielded considerably fewer advancements. A number of factors that helped the proceedings of the ozone regime, or campaign, are not applicable to the climate change regime. The issue of limiting CFCs was much less politically and economically charged than that of reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs), which cause the greenhouse effect and the consequent warming of the planet. Climate change has been referred to as the ultimate “tragedy of the commons”, an important metaphor in economics that helps explain why this subject is still at the centre of much heated debate and has yet to be resolved in a manner similar to that of the ozone problem.
”(Geduld) Although most of these deaths are from long term exposure to the pollutants there was still “2,682 deaths caused from short term exposure. ”(Geduld).“5.5 percent of cardiopulmonary (heart and lung disease related) deaths can be attributed to ground-level ozone exposure, which has increased over the past decade.” (David Suzuki Foundation) There were also “92’000 emergency-room visits and 620,000 visits to a doctor’s office in a year” It is estimated that by “2031 90,000 people will have died from short term exposure and 710,000 from long-term exposure to air pollution.
Stratospheric ozone absorbs 97-99% of ultraviolet radiation. As this protective layer continues to dissentigrate, human health will suffer. One American dies every hour from skin cancer, a direct result of ozone depletion by anthropogenic chemicals, primarily CFCs, which damage the ozone layer. Alternate chemicals are now being used in the place of CFCs that will not damage statospheric ozone, and there is international recognition of the importance of developing these chemicals. The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty which limits the production of ozone depleting substances. Still, human health is at risk from the deletion of ozone, and the risk factor will continue to rise unless people and industries become more aware of the implications connected with everyday use of chemicals which destroy stratospheric ozone.
Air Pollution has had a very damaging effect on our nation most visited National Park, The Great Smokey Mountains. Two areas is has effected dramatically are visibility and vegetation. According to Nps, over the past 50 years “visibility in the southern Appalachians has decreased 40% in winter and 80% in summer.”(1) On an average day once can see up to 25 miles, however, this is quite bad considering normal conditions allow visibility up to 95 miles. When air pollution is at its worst, and the airborne sulfate particles from the burning of fossil fuels are at its peak, visibly can shirk as much as 1 mile. Vegetation on the other hand has also been the victim of air pollution. These ozone pollutants, taking a ride from the prevailing winds, are threatening multiple species of plants and trees. “Thirty species of plants showed leaf damage after being exposed to controlled ozone levels identical to those that occur in the park.” (1). Along with plants, these toxins can affect human health as well.” Not only does this unsightly pollution continue to reduce visibility at national parks, it also poses serious health problems to communities around the country, including asthma, bronchitis, and other serious respiratory ailments.”(2).
The depletion of the ozone layer has been a trending topic after it was first discovered in 1970. The ozone layer is a portion of the earth’s stratosphere which absorbs most of the sun’s UV rays hence preventing cancer and other fatal illness to the skin. It contains high concentrations of O3 and at a constant rate is being broken down and. Since 1970, it has been discovered that about 4% of the ozone layer wears off every decade and is as a result of day-to-day human activity.
...depletion of the ozone layer, biodiversity and stress on food producing systems(IPCC 2013). Therefore, climate change is highly risky and the appropriate international steps should be taken in order to stop more climate change and its negative and severe consequences.
The atmospheric oxygen is in molecular form containing two atoms of oxygen. But when a high-tension electric current is passed through a stream of air in a closed chamber, triatomic molecules of oxygen are formed as shown by the following equation:
Is the atmosphere really falling apart right above us, or is it just a myth? Some people like Jain Ankit believe we are to blame for the atmosphere’s demolition as she supports her belief in the article “Ozone Layer Depletion – Causes, Effects and Solutions.” Others such as Edmund Contoski in his article “Global Warming Is a Myth” back up the idea that we do not make as big of an impact that most of us believe. Ankit Jain’s article is more persuasive because of her effective use of Ethos. Logos, and Pathos.
In 1970, Crutzen first showed that nitrogen oxides produced by decaying nitrous oxide from soil-borne microbes react catalytically with ozone hastening its depletion. His findings started research on "global biogeochemical cycles" as well as the effects of supersonic transport aircraft that release nitrogen oxide into the stratosphere.2 In 1974, Molina and Rowland found that human-made chlorofluorocarbons used for making foam, cleaning fluids, refrigerants, and repellents transform into ozone-depleting agents.3 Chlorofluorocarbons stay in the atmosphere for several decades due to their long tropospheric lifetimes. These compounds are carried into the stratosphere where they undergo hundreds of catalytic cycles with ozone.4 They are broken down into chlorine atoms by ultraviolet radiation.5 Chlorine acts as the catalyst for breaking down atomic oxygen and molecular ozone into two molecules of molecular oxygen.
For the previous 200 years, the industrial revolution’s discovery of fossil fuels reigned supreme. (Benefits of Recycling, History of Alternative Energy) Newly developed factories continued their steady streams of production and our society started becoming larger consumers. To meet the increasing demand, more product had to be made, and this resulted in more waste being emitted into the atmosphere. These gases built up until they caused the ozone layer to thicken to the point where it started trapping the h...
The protection of the environment however has just recently become the major issue that it is in today’s society. People worldwide have slowly begun to realize and become aware of the blatant destruction and deterioration of the environment and ozone. As well as the consequences and side affects, that we, as a society have created. The majority of people are just becoming aware of the frightening reality of the situation. As society becomes more informed on the issue of the environment, they too become more impatient, and feel that in the snap of fingers, the damage can be reversed and future damage can be stopped instantaneously.
Air Pollution is when a poisonous or a harmful substance is released in the air. There are many form of pollution but air is one of them, it only occurs when dust, harmful gases or smoke enters into the atmosphere and makes it hard for species like plants, animals and humans to live in a difficult situation because of the dirty air.Air Pollution is classified in two sections, invisible air pollution and visible air pollution.. Hence any substance that makes it difficult for the living things that need the atmosphere is air pollution.Humans have been undergoing air pollution ever since the industrial revolution.In order to understand the causes of Air pollution, it is divided into divisions. Primary air pollutants and secondary air pollutants:
There are lots of environmental issues going on globally. The earth faces problems such as pollution, global warming, waste disposal, and loss of biodiversity. These are just a small amount of issues out of the so many. These environmental problems pose an abundant amount of risk to the health of humans and animals. There needs to be a solution to all these problems and that is by informing others, so that way everyone can make the environment a better place.