different requirements of the steganography technique used. Based on the PSNR value of each images, the stego image has a higher PSNR value. The proposed algorithm is based on merge between the idea from the random pixel manipulation methods and Least Significant (LSB) matching of Steganography embedding and extracting method. Index Terms— Steganography , stego image, LSB algorithm, Image steganography is about hiding the message inside a message without any visible modifications to the real world. Digital
This token-passing process is used to arbitrate access to the shared ring media. Stations that have data frames to transmit must first acquire the token before they can transmit them. Token ring LANs normally use differential Manchester encoding of bits on the LAN media. Token ring was invented by Olof Söderblom in the late 1960s. It was later licensed to IBM, who popularized the use of token ring LANs in the mid 1980s when it released its IBM token ring architecture based on active multi-station
how steganography techniques works in comparison to cryptography and digital watermarking. We will then talk about two different types of image and audio steganography methods that can be used to conceal hidden information. These methods are Least Significant Bit Insertion (LSB) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). We will then talk about a tool that can be used hide and extract hidden
There are two main disadvantages. They are 1) If the encryption is performed on a message size of few bits, the size of the ciphertext may expand and will cause loss of compression efficiency. 2) If the encryption is done on a large message size of few hundreds of bits, to compensate the loss in compression, the payload capacity decreases, where payload capacity is the number of watermark signal bits embedded per encrypted message. So we select a secure symmetric stream cipher with homomorphic property
There are a variety of methods used in which information can be hidden in images. In the following section, we present the most common methods. There are three common methods of steganography: Replacing Moderate Significant Bit, Transformation Domain Techniques, and Replacing Least Significant Bit [4]. In this paper we will be presenting the survey of various data hiding techniques in image steganography to facilitate the secure data transmission over the communication channels. A. LITERATURE SURVEY Shamin
Assume an 11-bit floating point format in which the most significant bit is the sign bit, the next 4 bits represent the 4-bit biased exponent field, and the last 6 bits represent the normalized significand with implied bit.
is equivalent to the Least Significant Bit (LSB). Quantization error is the difference between input and output. Therefore, the quantization error can be between ±Q/2. www.onmyphd.com/?p=quantization.noise.snr 3.3.2 Truncation noise If we multiply two n-bit numbers together, one requires 2n bits to store the answer. Therefore, in all fixed-point processors the product register and the accumulator are double the length of all the other registers. When we work with a 32-bit product, after the product
2 9 4 8 592 (now 5 is a carry) (2*8)+(4*9)+7=16+36+7=59 (carry=5) Step 3: Multiply again, the two Most Significant Digits, add a previous carry and place the product to the left of the previous step's answer. 2 9 4 8 1392 4*2+5=8+5=13 Ans is 29*48=1392. 2*2 Urdhva-Tiryagbhyam Multiplier using reversible gate for binary
digital watermarking etc. II. LITERATURE REVIEW In the past, several work has been done on steganography. A very well-known steganographic method is the Least Significant Bit (LSB) substitution method. It embeds secret data by replacing x LSBs of a pixel with x secret bits directly [1]. To minimize the image
ALU’S with wide adders and multiple execution core units on the same chip creates thermal hotspots and large temperature gradients. This affects the circuit and increasing the cooling cost of the system. Adders should have highest performance with least amount of power dissipation and
In this new age of Information, the Internet has made all types of information readily available. Some of this information can be very useful, some can be malicious. Child pornography, also known as Paedophilia is one of these problems. Any one person can find child pornography on the internet with just a few clicks of the mouse using any search engine. Despite webmaster's and law enforcement officials' efforts to control child pornography and shut down illegal sites, new sites
extension is the most significant addition to the Intel Architecture since the Intel I386 and will be implemented on proliferation of the Pentium processor family and also appear on future Intel Architecture processors. The media extensions for the Intel Architecture (IA) were designed to enhance performance of advanced media and communication applications. The MMX™ technology provides a new level of performance to computer platforms by adding new instructions and defining new 64-bit data types, while
modern variation DES where block cipher algorithms will applied three times to each data block. The algorithm uses a block of plaintext with 64 bits in length, and a 56 bit key. The actual key length equals that of the plaintext. However, the last bit on the right in each byte is a parity bit, and is disregarded as least significant, which is why 56 bits are the result. There were many concerns about the weakness of DES against brute force attacks due to the key length, so triple DES was developed
Social media, in one way or another, is one thing that at least someone has at the very least one account. The loose term social media can range from websites like Facebook and Tumblr to Twitter and Instagram, as well as everything in between. The main question in hand about the paper is, ‘Should social media be allowed or banned in the work place?’ Through two articles and one journal, one will be able to evaluate and answer for themselves the situationally biased question. But, before going into
one of the characters Owen and his PTSD, or Posttraumatic stress disorder. Posttraumatic stress disorder is a condition that develops after someone experiences or witnesses a scary of traumatizing event where there was physical harm present or at least possible in the situation. Symptoms of this disorder can be through flashbacks, hallucinations, and nightmares. Sometimes people avoid anything
sharp snare hits to explain the story of a painful breakup with a significant other and the aftermath of wanting them back that had fostered inside of Peep’s head. Lil Peep proceeds through the song explaining the issues of how he treated others, how he thinks about himself and the relationship, and the significant other meeting a new lover, causing jealousy to kindle, eventually setting ablaze the undying love Peep had for his significant other. Four minutes and ten seconds is all it took for Lil Peep
it comes to a spouse, as long as I am attracted to them as they are to me. I would want my significant other to have good cleaning abilities. I would want her to have that, because I’m not very tidy, but maybe in a couple years I will be able to start being a little bit cleaner. She would also be willing to withstand long car rides or plane trips, mostly because I enjoy traveling. Last, but certainly not least, she would have to be patient. The sole reason for why she would have to be patient, is because
(you/the residents) favourite things and least favourite things under the following categories and perhaps note if they hold any special meaning for (you/them) and why. 1. Food and Beverages 2. Television Shows and Movies - 3 3. Books 4. Favourite things brought from home 5. Favourite time of year (ie. Fall or the Christmas Season) 6. Special Holidays or Anniversaries 7. Music BACKGROUND Please tell us a bit about (yourself) and (your) family
that you can flavor with vanilla pod, cinnamon stick, citrus peel and cardamom seeds. You can also add mint leaves, bay leaves, ginger or lavender flowers to the syrup. When the syrup is cold, you add diced fruit inside and leave it in the fridge at least 30 minutes. You can serve fruit salad in the small bowl or arrange fruit slices on the plate. You can also hollow out the orange or pineapple and put the salad into the hollowed fruit. Fruit Jelly Jellies were famous in Victorian England. Than, it
a lack of detail on characters such as Darry and Sodapop even Dally. Dally was a major character in the book but his death in the movie seemed a bit minor because there wasn’t much detail for viewers to get attached to his character. I felt as if his death was glazed over and easily forgotten in the movie while in the book it was described for at least two pages. The plot of the Outsiders in my opinion is that not everything can stay the same and be there forever like Robert Frost’s poem. In the