The lac operon is a transcriptional control of lactose metabolism in bacteria. The operon contains three transcriptional genes, lac Z, lac Y and lac A, which encodes for β-galactosidase, permease and transacetylase respectively. Lac P and lac O copes for the lac promoter and the lac operator, essential to the functioning of this operon. β-galactosidase converts lactose to allolatose, while permease allow lactose to be transported into the cell. Transacetylase does not have a role in lactose usage
We can draw an analogy between the study of omics and cars- we may know all the parts of a car, but we have to know how to assemble the parts in order for the car to be functional. The same concept can be applied to the use of omics. In order to study the way microorganisms interact with their environment, we must examine interactions at the molecular, cellular, community, and ecosystem level, and different types of omics assess each level. The list below includes many types of omics, along with
The author, David Treure, Ojibwe from Leech Lack Reservation in northern Minnesota, grew up on the reservation. He describes the Rez Life by using people’s stories and somehow connects these stories with historic evens. There are over three hundreds Indian reservations in the United States according to the Bureau of Indian Affairs. When you go to one of these, you will see the sign of welcome. The Rez is not much different from others. The landscape is the same. The fields, lacks, pines, swamps are
The Vampire and Its Appearance In literature, vampires are always hiding in plain sight by living among humans all while hiding the fact that they feed on blood. So how is it that no one realize that their neighbors only come out at night? By disguising themselves with the use of costumes and performance, vampires such as Lestat and Carmilla are able to infiltrate human society and prey from within. Whenever it is to fit in or to help them prey by dressing up, acting a certain way or living
The Trickster in Anne Rice's Interview with the Vampire Vampires today, particularly after Anne Rice's five-book series, the Vampire Chronicles, are portrayed in quite a different light than the vampires of ages past. Gone is the garlic and cross that offers protection, gone is the vampire's fear of all light and gone is their distant, in-human nature. (Whyte 2) In fact, most vampires are portrayed as both beast and man, struggling to retain their humanity as the lust for blood seems to
Interview with the Vampire - Book vs. Movie I cannot speak for all, but I find watching the movie much more interesting than reading the book. I find that the movie paints a perfect picture well on the other hand reading the book you have to let your imagination take over and create images in your head of what might the scene look like. “Interview with the Vampire” was a well-written book and a well developed movie after reading the book and the watching the movie I found the movie much more
How the Operon Works The operon is a set of coding regions of DNA clustered together that includes structural genes and it is under the control of a single regulatory region. The operator regulates transcription, which is a repressor protein. When the operator binds to a segment of the regulatory region, transcription is shut down. E. Coli will be used as an example of how an inducible operon works. E. Coli's main source of nutrition is glucose. If glucose is not available, it can utilize
protein called the repressor. The regulatory gene encodes the repressor protein. An inducible operon is an operon in which the presence of a key metabolic substance induces transcription of the structural genes. One example of an inducible operon is lac operon and the inducer of this operon is lactose. A repressible operon is an operon which always transcribes structural genes unless a repressor is present. One example of a repressible operon is trp operon and the co-repressor of this operon
The expression of lac operon in each tube equals the amount of beta-galactosidase produced. Therefore, by looking at the amount of beta-galactosidase under different conditions collectively is a good way to understand the function of inducers and repressors in supervising the expression of lac operon and the control of gene expression generally. At the given time sets, CTAB was added to the tubes to kill the E. coli cells and lyse the cells to release its contents including galactosidase enzyme.
expression of the topA gene. Selection pressures are used to obtain the proper recombinant pTrc99A/topAcysB plasmid within a cell. Transformant cell cultures induced with IPTG, stimulate the production of topoisomerase I. Once IPTG binds to the lac repressor, it makes way for the trc promoter and topoisomerase I is produced. Topoisomerase I is extracted out the cell and compared to uninduced cells to verify the mechanisms that read and express the topA gene within pTrc99A. Lowry assay, polymerase chain
positively, as activators, and negatively as repressors. An example of gene regulation in cells is the activity of the trp operon. The trp operon encodes the genes for the synthesis of tryptophan. This type of gene, like the lac operon, is regulated by a repressor that binds to the operator sequences. The activity of the trp repressor is enhanced when it binds tryptophan; in this capacity, tryptophan is known as a corepressor. Since the activity of the trp repressor is enhanced in the presence of tryptophan
Key points: • Transcription factors are proteins that help turn specific genes "on" or "off" by binding to nearby DNA. • Transcription factors that are activators boost a gene's transcription. Repressors decrease transcription. • Groups of transcription factor binding sites called enhancers and silencers can turn a gene on/off in specific parts of the body. • Transcription factors allow cells to perform logic operations and combine different sources of information to "decide" whether to express a