Introduction to the CYC Knowledge Base I. Abstract This paper is intended to be an introductory tutorial on the Very Large Knowledge Base (VLKB) called CYC. Described herein is the reasoning for the origination of the CYC project, the intended usefulness of the project (application areas), how CYC is being constructed, and a brief introduction to the supporting tools that have been developed to interact with the CYC knowledge base. II. Introduction Many Knowledge Bases (KB) have been developed
may claim that those who currently are younger than thirty are the “dumbest generation,” they are clearly mistaken. In the very claim itself, Bauerlin utilizes poor grammar by using the phrasing “under” age thirty instead of “younger than.” Our knowledge bases have simply changed to include a different array of facts; instead of knowing who wrote the Messiah, we can fix any computer problem faster than most people in the older generation. While some say the increased exposure to technology is hurting
and start with a clean slate “for the purpose of discovering some ultimate truth on which to base all thought.” (Kolak, Pg.225). Discouraged with much skepticism from his own beliefs, Descartes was embarrassed of his own ignorance. He set out to try and accomplish the task of finding an absolute truth in which he would base his beliefs. Placing upon himself a task to find an axiom or absolute truth to base all thought, “he ventured as a youth in travel to collect a variety in experiences to derive
particle. Bases are substance that, when added to water produce hydroxide ions. Hydroxide Ions have one hydrogen and one oxygen atom. Some types of bases include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, ammonia, sodium carbonate, and sodium phosphate. Bases turn red litmus paper blue. Bases taste bitter and feel slippery. When a base neutralizes an acid it forms a salt. Neutralizing is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base combine
This pH homeostasis lab is used to show how acids and bases react when submerged into different solutions - water, a homogenate, and a buffer. A homogenate is blended up water and the cell tissue. They are used to show how much pH the cells have when adding an acid or base to it. A buffer is a solution that doesn’t change it’s pH level, even when acid or base is added to it. They are important to help all living things maintain homeostasis. Homeostasis is the internal chemical balance that occurs
the HGP, we first must understand what it is. It is a massive undertaking of collaboration of geneticists that begin in 1990. Their goals are to identify all the estimated 80,000 to 100,000 genes in human DNA and determine the sequences of 3 billion bases composed of adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. The project is being funded jointly by the Department of Energy and the National Institute of Health. This massive undertaking is estimated at a cost of three billion dollars, with the most current
nucleotide consists of a phosphate, a sugar known as deoxyribose, and any one of four nitrogen-containing bases. The four nitrogen bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). In 1953 James Dewey Watson of the United States and Francis Harry Crick of England worked out the structure of DNA. In 1962, both men earned the Nobel Prize in physiology for their discovery. This knowledge provided understanding how hereditary information is copied. Watson and Crick found that the DNA
next solution, C, tested positive for acetate, as did our last solution, E. We next performed anion tests. These included flame test, as well as an ammonium test. For the flame test, certain cations turn flames different colors, so we used this knowledge to test to see which cations could be present in our solutions. During this test, the only solution that appeared to turn the flame any color was solution C, which turned the flame bright orange, indicating the sodium ion was present. This led us
technique called Acid-Base extraction to isolate Eugenol, which is one of the main ingredients of clove oil. Acid-Base extraction is the most efficient method for isolating organic component; it is efficient because it purifies the acid and base mixture based on their chemical identities. We have seen throughout this experiment that acid and base play an important role, when it comes to solubility in water. Our basic knowledge of acid and base is acid is a proton donor and base is a proton acceptor
was on of the literary geniuses of the 19th century. Dickens was the first main stream writer to reach out to the semiliterate class. He did much to make sure his writings were avaliable to the middle class. He published serial novels on a monthly bases. One shilling (one twentieth of a pount) would buy you the next installmenrt to your novell. In a time when novels were almost thirty times as much as one of these serial novels, it put reading within the reach of the middle class, thus highly popularizing
separated the land among the people. After the Great Depression, in 1936, the president took more power and gave less to the political parties. Shortly after World War II started the Soviets had an agreement with Latvia to build Russian military bases in their country. The Russians eventually seized power and made Latvia part of the Soviet Union and then created a Communist government. Soon after that, in 1941, the German soldiers invaded Latvia and stayed there until 1944 when the Soviets recaptured
simple sugar or molasses being fed to the fungus. The fungus uses the glucose as food and produces citric acid and carbon dioxide as waste products. When the peak concentration of citric acid is reached, the mould would be filtered out. A solution of base, such as calcium hydroxide, would then be added to the solution to create a salt, in the case of calcium hydroxide, the salt, calcium citrate, will be produced. The formula for calcium citrate is Ca3(C6H5O7)2. The equation for the reaction of calcium
merger of both. When speaking to an HR representative within the department, it was made clear that the company objectives are results-focused and the weight of reward programs have increased to compensate. Walgreens views base pay as the price pay for membership to the company. Base pay ensures the company that the employee will show up at work, that they may call employee’s night or weekends with business questions, that they can send them employees out of town and disrupt their personal life. But
is important as buyers have unique needs and wants. In segmenting a market, marketers look for broad classes of buyers who differ in their needs. There is no one right way of segmenting markets. A marketer has several bases available to him/her for the segmentation of markets. Bases for Segmenting Consumer Markets 1. Geographical segmentation Segmenting markets on the basis of geography involves dividing the market into different geographical units, eg. states, regions, countries, where the
finds commitment. At the conclusion of the novel, Frederick realizes that he cannot base his life on another person or thing because it will eventually leave him. Catherine Barkley is an English nurse who serves in Italy. On the other hand Catherine is experienced when it comes to love since she has already lost a loved one which was killed earlier in the war. Hemingway also lets us know Catherine already has the knowledge that her life cannot be dependent on another through her husband's death. This
Types of Power There are two types of power that influence both individual and organizational behaviors. The first one, known as Position Power is widely used by the managers as a direct result of their position in the organization. There are six bases under position power in which the management uses to effectively motivate their employees. Reward power is probably the most successful in controlling employees. There are several typ...
life experiences as roots for his literature. In Paradise Lost and in a sonnet entitled "On His Blindness," Milton speaks indirectly and directly of his loss of vision. Also in Paradise Lost, he uses the political situation of his time as a base for the plot, and he incorporates elements of his own character into the character of Satan. In "On Having Arrived at the Age of Twenty-Three", he speaks plainly about the course of his life. In the latter part of his life, Milton lost his
is trying to achieve organizational goals. Power is divided into two categories; position and personal (Schermerhorn, Hunt, and Osborn, 2003). Power-based on a person’s position has six bases: coercive, reward, legitimate, process, information and representative (Schermerhorn, et al., 2003). The coercive power base is defined as being dependent on fear. A person will react to this power out of fear of the negative results that might occur. A manager has the power to suspend or terminate an employee
not him, but his circumstances and others, for his problematic conduct. The abbreviated childhood narratives that many of the novel's characters provide support this loaded nature / nurture division, in which nature is the base and nurture is the skewed corruption of that base. The reader sympathizes with and is intrigued by the stories the characters tell of their childhoods because the stories easily explain why these people act as they do, and render excuses for them when they act maliciously
medicine that was on the cutting edge seem to have always involved some sort of noxious chemical or a typically atrocious diet. Not to mention the fact that ninety-nine percent of the doctors were men. Women's notions were immediately discounted on the bases of the preconception that women were not meant for such enlightened thoughts. No, men really knew what was best and women were meant to stand by what their husbands' said. This brings one particular husband to mind and how he was responsible for his