Acids

Acids are substances that, when added to water produce hydrogen ions. Hydrogen Ions are the combination of hydrogen and water molecules. There are many types of acids, which consist of citric, hydrochloric, carbonic, sulfuric, acetic, nitric, phosphoric, and lactic acids. Acids react with zinc, magnesium, and aluminum forming hydrogen. They turn blue litmus paper red. Litmus is used to check for acidity. Acids are sour, react with metals to produce hydrogen gas, and react with carbonates to produce carbon dioxide gas. Strong acids dissociate in water forming hydrogen ions and an anion. Weak acids partially dissociate in water, to form hydrogen ions and an anion, an anion is a negatively charged particle.

Bases are substance that, when added to water produce hydroxide ions. Hydroxide Ions have one hydrogen and one oxygen atom. Some types of bases include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, ammonia, sodium carbonate, and sodium phosphate. Bases turn red litmus paper blue. Bases taste bitter and feel slippery. When a base neutralizes an acid it forms a salt. Neutralizing is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base combine to form a salt. A salt is any compound that can be derived from the neutralization of an acid and a base. pH levels shows how acidic or basic a substance is. A substance that is neither acidic or basic is called neutral. pH levels are very important in measuring the acidity of something for scientists. The scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral, a pH less than 7 is acidic, and a pH greater than 7 is basic. Sour and fruity candy are very acidic. Some sour candies reach very low pH levels, such as warhead sour spray, which has a pH of one p...

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...hat it could also be used to show measurements, be used in science, and that it could be used to ride in things such as hot air balloons. It could be used to find measurements because you could be trying to fill up the balloon just to see how tall or how wide it can get, and then measure it. It could also be used in science for that reason, and if you were testing the acidity in something, and having it fill up with something other than air or helium.

In conclusion people can now see that everything that was said all ties together in science, and can be used in science. Acids, bases, triple beam balances, sour and fruit flavored candy, ph levels, balloons, sodium bicarbonate, test tubes and racks, and of course acid-base reactions. This research paper tells people very much on all of those things, and should have made an impact on someone’s knowledge on the subjects.