INTRODUCTION 1.1. Definition Condensed Matter Physics is branch of physics that deals with the physical properties of condensed matter such as liquids and solids. This branch of study seeks to understand the behavior of condensed phases of matter by using established laws of physics. [Taylor, Philip L. 2002] Liquids and solids are the most well-known forms of condensed matter but there are others particularly as a result of quantum physics. Condensed matter physics asserts to atoms as closer together and
Vortex filaments are one-dimensional regions of concentrated vorticity in an ideal fluid. These are important models of localised vortex structures that often emerge as distinctive features in a variety of physical phenomena. Vortex filaments can be used to describe various physical phenomena, such as the flow of superfluids, and to model filamentary structures that arise in geological and climatological systems and magnetohydrodynamics\footnote{\eg tornado's and slender plasma-filled tubes in the
particle physics phenomena have proven to show the most significant concepts and ideas in the physical and sub-atomic world. However, the discoveries yet to be made are endless. One of the most fascinating concepts in the sub-atomic universe is the idea of spintronics. Spintronics is the quantum study of the independent angular momentum (not to be confused with the orbital angular momentum of the electron) of a particle, typically that of an electron (Introduction). An electron is a fundamental particle
modern world, electrostatic plays an important role in several fields. There are many laws related to electrostatic field, however, there are two fundamental laws, which is Coulomb’s Law and Gauss’s Law. Gauss’s Law can be used to derive Coulomb’s Law, and Coulomb’s Law is also can be used to derive Gauss’s Law. Coulomb’s Law Coulomb's law is a law of physics describing the electrostatic interaction between electrically charged particles. It was studied and first published in 1783 by French physicist
The first thing you should know is the physics behind a boat, seeing how you can't have a boating adventure without one. To keep it simple, let's check out the main thing you should know about a boat: Buoyancy. Buoyancy, by definition, is the upward force exerted by a liquid on any immersed object. If the force of the liquid on the object is greater than that of the object on the liquid then the object will float. In other words buoyancy is dependent upon the density of the liquid and the volume
Investigate the difference in enthalpy of combustion for a number of alcohols Enthalpy I am going to investigate the difference in enthalpy of combustion for a number of alcohols, the enthalpy of combustion being the 'enthalpy change when one mole of any substance is completely burnt in oxygen under the stated conditions'. I will be attempting to find how the number of carbon atoms the alcohol contains effects the enthalpy change that occurs during the combustion of the alcohol. Method I plan
An experiment to find the acoustic impedance of paraffin and water Abstract The speed of sound through paraffin and water was measured, and came close to the generally expected value. The speed in was calculated as 1458.36±16.2ms^(-1) in water and 1212±23.7ms^(-1) in paraffin. Then the density of these two liquids was measured, and combined with the speed of sound to find the acoustic impedance. . The acoustic impedance of water was 1575±29kgm^(-2) s^(-1) and the acoustic impedance of paraffin
Solids, liquids, and gases are the three main, or fundamental phases of matter. Each one has a different density and a different level of stability. What determines the stability of each phase is the bond between it's atoms. The tighter the bond between it's atoms the more stable that phase of matter is. Solids are the most stable form of matter, followed by liquids, and then gases. Solids have a definite shape and do not take the shape of their container. Liquids do not have any definite shape and
LASER-PLASMA INTARECTION With the development of the technology of laser enabled the experiments using laser pulse with a high intensity of the order 〖10〗^22 W/〖cm〗^2. So now it brings the possibility of study the parameters of plasma as well as the atoms. The study related to the laser-plasma interaction involves the self-focusing, which is a very important factor to consider. Because the intensity of such a huge order came from it and high power laser and its applications, harmonic generation,
Zirconia has three crystalline forms: monoclinic phase, tetragonal phase and cubic phase. Monoclinic phase exists in zirconia stable up to temperature 1170˚C. Above 1170˚C, the monoclinic phase transforms to tetragonal phase and further transform to cubic phase above 2370˚C. While cooling down below 1070˚C, tetragonal phase becomes unstable and start transformation of monoclinic phase. Thus tetragonal phase is hard to exist at the room temperature. As tetragonal phase has high toughness and high
Introduction: To start things off, collisions between objects are carried out by the laws of momentum and energy. Momentum can be described as mass in motion. All objects on earth have mass, so if an object is moving, it basically has momentum. The measure of momentum that an object has is counted on two things: the amount of mass that object has and the objects velocity. In scientific terms, the momentum of an object is equal to the mass times the velocity of the object. Momentum = mass x velocity
2. Introduction: 2.1. Heat transfer: Heat transfer is the science that pursues to foresee the energy transfer that may take place among material bodies as an outcome of a temperature difference. Thermodynamics explains that this energy transfer is described as heat. The science of heat transfer pursues not only to explain how heat energy may be transfer, but also to foresee the rate at which the exchange will take place under certain quantified conditions. The fact that a heat-transfer rate is
Polarimetry (Theoretical Chapter) In our experiment it’s important to determine some parameters of magnetized plasma. For this purpose, two kinds of optical diagnostics will be used: Interferometry and Polarimetry. Interferometry is used to determine density gradients and thereby the density via Abel Transformation. Polarimetry gives information about the Stokes Components of a laser beam and thereby the Faraday Rotation in order to determine the integrated underlaying B-Field strength. This chapter
Cybersecurity Issues with OnStar OnStar, a wholly owned subsidiary of General Motors (GM), was founded as a telematics company that uses telecommunication systems to transfer information to and from vehicles. The primary focus of OnStar was to provide assistance in an emergency situation. OnStar was released in 1996, a time where many of the technological innovations that we use today didn’t exist yet. This innovation such as GPS which didn't get much use outside of the military and smartphones
However, the Zener Diode or “Breakdown Diode”, as they are sometimes referred too, are basically the same as the standard PN junction diode but they are specially designed to have a low and specified Reverse Breakdown Voltage which takes advantage of any reverse voltage applied to it. The Zener diode behaves just like a normal general-purpose diode consisting of a silicon PN junction and when biased in the forward direction, that is Anode positive with respect to its Cathode, it behaves just like
both to you and the Universe. Crystals are important for enhancing you and your environment, for protection, attraction, healing and divination. Modern day crystal healing is based off of traditional concepts in Asian culture, the Chinese concept of life-energy (chi or Qi) and the Hindu or Buddhist concept of chakras. Eastern spiritual traditions are composed of the belief of a universal energy, known as “prana” that flows through the body. This energy is composed of seven essential centers; Crown(above
of animals, including cephalopods, sea hares, arthopods, and fish have congurently evolved jet propulsion mechanisms. This is most commonly used in the jett engine but is also the means of propulsion utilized by NASA to power various space craft. Physics Jet propulsion is most effective when the Renolds number is high - that is, the object being propelled is relatively large and passing through a low-viscosity medium. In biology, the most efficient jets are pulsed, rather than continuous at least
Science Rocket Experiment By : Julia Sánchez Background Information: This experiment is about firing a rocket, we are creating hydrogen gas. We had to fill the bottle with hydrogen gas and then put a flame under the bottle and measure how much it flew upwards. To do this we mixed magnesium strips into hydrochloric acid. A combustion reaction takes place in this experiment. The investigation topic is about the fuel that makes a space rocket fire. A combustion reaction is more known as burning
A justification of a model of reflection to inform learning Reflective practice is an important tool which many health professionals use, it helps individuals to reflect and analyse their experience to improve the way in which they work. The Chartered Society of Physiotherapy endorses reflection, in the quality assurance standard for learning and development it says members should reflect on the continuing professional development process in order to maintain and develop their competence to practise
Thermodynamics is basically concerned with heat transfer, energy transfer and conversion between heat and work and is also applied to describe phase change of a substance, such as condensation and evaporation. 1.1 Determination of steam quality Saturated water is water in the condition in which any amount of energy put into the water or absorbed by the water can result in water-steam, two phase mixture, formed. In this case, latent heat, enthalpy of evaporation, is referred to as the energy required