Introduction:
To start things off, collisions between objects are carried out by the laws of momentum and energy. Momentum can be described as mass in motion. All objects on earth have mass, so if an object is moving, it basically has momentum. The measure of momentum that an object has is counted on two things: the amount of mass that object has and the objects velocity. In scientific terms, the momentum of an object is equal to the mass times the velocity of the object.
Momentum = mass x velocity (p = mv)
The equation above clarifies that the momentum of an object is directly proportional to the mass and velocity of that object. The standard unit for momentum would be the mass (kg) times the velocity (ms-2) of that object which
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Momentum Conservation Principle:
The law of momentum conservation tells us that in the collision between 2 objects in an isolated system, the momentum of the two objects before the collision is the same to the momentum after the collision. This means that (2) the amount of momentum that object 2 gained is equal to the amount of momentum that object 1 lost. This statement tells us that the total momentum of colliding objects is conserved. This tells us that momentum is a unchanging value.
The Logic Behind Momentum Conservation:
In a collision between two objects, object 1 and object 2, the forces acting between the two objects are equal in magnitude but opposite and direction. This explanation is Newton’s third
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The forces that are acting between the two objects only last for a short or long period of time. Not taking how long the time is in account, the amount of time that the force acts on object 1 is equal to the amount of time that the force acts on object 2. For instance, if object 1 has contact with object 2 for 0.01 seconds, then object 2 should be having contact with object 1 for 0.01 seconds, which is logical. T1 = T2
Considering the forces between both of the objects, object one and object two, are equal in magnitude and are opposite in direction, and also considering that the time that these two objects acting on each other are equal in magnitude are equal, we conclude that the impulses of the two objects are also equal in magnitude and are opposite in direction.
F1 x T1 = -F2 x T1
In the equation above, the impulses are equal in magnitude and are opposite in direction. Since each object consists of equal and opposite impulses, it is also logic that they consist of equal and opposite changes in momentum. In terms of an equation, this can be written
In this experiment, we are finding the Conservation of Energy. Energy is neither created nor destroyed. Energy is summed up into two different properties: Potential energy and Kinetic energy. The law of Energy states that:
In this paper, I offer a reconstruction of Aristotle’s argument from Physics Book 2, chapter 8, 199a9. Aristotle in this chapter tries to make an analogy between nature and action to establish that both, nature and action, have an end.
We ran into Newtons First Law, which claims that an object resists change in motion, as the marble rolled down the floor it didn’t stop until it was acted against by friction. As we moved on, Newtons Second Law came into play when we were creating our lever as we need a ball that would roll down with enough acceleration that it could knock down the objects. Newton’s second law claims, that F=MA. So, we choose a golf ball since it would have more mass than a rubber ball, but it would have less acceleration when the lever was started. This way, it would knock the upcoming objects. Newtons Third Law claims that every action yields an equal and opposite reaction. This is proven in our Rube Goldberg Machine when the small car was rolling down the tracks as the wheels pushes against the track making the track move backwards. The track provides an equal and opposite direction by pushing the wheels forward.
This equation shows that mass will not affect the speed of an object, proving that whatever the mass of an object, the speed will always remain the same if all the other factors are kept constant.
An elastic collision between two objects is one in which total kinetic energy (as well as total momentum) is the same before and after the collision.
The momentum of an egg dropped into a frying pan at shoulder height is going to be the m x v (mass times velocity). This is going to be the same whether you drop the egg into a frying pan, into a bucket of water, or onto a pillow. The impulse in the egg drop report is the force of the egg multiplied by the time. This is when the egg is in contact with the object and the time that it stays their. When the eggs bounced of the pillow we see a greater change in momentum. We see the momentum come to a stop, but the momentum changes directions. The change in momentum is calculated by multiplying force times time.
In 1687, Newton published Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (also known as Principia). The Principia was the “climax of Newton's professional life” (“Sir Isaac Newton”, 370). This book contains not only information on gravity, but Newton’s Three Laws of Motion. The First Law states that an object in constant motion will remain in motion unless an outside force is applied. The Second Law states that an object accelerates when a force is applied to a mass and greater force is needed to accelerate an object with a larger mass. The Third Law states that for every action there is an opposite and equal reaction. These laws were fundamental in explaining the elliptical orbits of planets, moons, and comets. They were also used to calculate
...ys that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction, and this is also displayed when a bat hits a ball. The bat exerts force on the ball, just as the ball exerts force on the bat. This force can sometimes even be enough to break the bat, like in the illustration below.
The acceleration of a body or object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the body or object and is inversely
Newton’s three laws of motion state that: 1. an object’s state of motion tends to remain constant, unless an external force is applied. 2. The force applied to the object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration, and the force and acceleration vectors are in the same direction 3. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When considering these laws in the analysis of a hard collision in football, we make a few observations.
-The masses, distances and times will be measured in order to calculate the momentums of the systems before and after collision occurs.
According to mechanical physics, a force is an effect that may cause a body to accelerate. Also as stated in Isaac Newton’s second law of motion, force is a vector quantity (has magnitude and direction) that is proportional to the product of the mass of a body and its acceleration.
The second law is, “the relationship between an objects mass (m), its acceleration (a), and the applied force (f) is F= ma.” The heavier object requires more force to move an object, the same distance as light object. The equation gives us an exact relationship between Force, mass, and acceleration.
Henderson, T. n.d. The physics classroom tutorial. Lesson 2: Force and Its Representation [Online]. Illinois. Available at: http://gbhsweb.glenbrook225.org/gbs/science/phys/class/newtlaws/u2l2b.html [Accessed: 28th March 2014].