Connected but Isolated Human Social technology, the product of human counterfactual thinking, has pervasive into a global phenomenon. People consider robots as servers in human companions, rather text than talk, and feel like a death if they leave their phone. People having ability to think causally make those imagining possibilities real. Causal understanding is the basic process and element in achieving possibilities. It helps people understand what should do and how should do to make imaginations
metaphorical and largely conditional. Moreover, the purposes served by metaphors and conditionals in it are similar. Metaphors ask us to imagine the world in a new way, while conditionals may ask to imagine a new world. Yet some conditionals and metaphors are incompatible. There are limits to how metaphors can occur in conditionals, and how conditionals can themselves be metaphors. Specifically, only certain kinds of metaphors can be accommodated in the antecedents of conditionals, and even then only
suggested that history played a part in satisfying this need. The consistent success of fiction based on a simple form of counterfactual history — Robert Harris's "Fatherland" is a good recent example — seems to indicate that this type of history is equally appealing. Sometimes known as "what if", or "alternative" history, or, in the title of a recent collection of serious counterfactual essays edited by Niall Ferguson, "virtual history", it takes as its starting point some historical event, assumes that
Introduction In this essay, I shall argue that there is no established truth-functional account of the meaning of indicative conditionals that is not subject to criticism but that the equivalence thesis - a truth-functional account of the meaning of indicative conditionals - is worth saving. Throughout the course of the essay, I will discuss two different attempts to defend truth-functionality: the principle ‘assert the stronger instead of the weaker’ and the supplemented equivalence thesis. The
Conditional and Iterative Data Types Conditional and Iterative A programming language cannot be a programming language with out its conditional and iterative structures. Programming languages are built to accomplish the task of controlling computer input and output. A programmer must use every tool available to complete his/her given tasks, and conditional as well as iterative statements are the most basic items of programming which must be mastered. Many different programming languages
BAYESIAN LEARNING Abstract Uncertainty has presented a difficult obstacle in artificial intelligence. Bayesian learning outlines a mathematically solid method for dealing with uncertainty based upon Bayes' Theorem. The theory establishes a means for calculating the probability an event will occur in the future given some evidence based upon prior occurrences of the event and the posterior probability that the evidence will predict the event. Its use in artificial intelligence has been met with
Bayes' Theorem I first became interested in Bayes' Theorem after reading Blind Man's Bluff, Sontag (1998). The book made mention how Bayes' Theorem was used to locate a missing thermonuclear bomb in Spain in 1966. Furthermore, it was again used by the military to locate the missing submarine USS Scorpion (Sontag, pg. 97) that had imploded when it sank several years later. I was intrigued by the nature of the theory and wanted to know more about it. When I was reading our textbook for the
Edwin Arlington Robinson’s The Mill Lucius Beebe critically analyzes Edwin Arlington Robinson’s, The Mill best. Beebe’s analysis is from an objective point of view. He points out to the reader that what seems so obvious may not be. She notes “The Mill is just a sad little tale of double suicide brought on by the encroachment of the modern world and by personal loss.” Thus meaning The Mill carries a deeper underlying theme. Lucius Beebe expresses that a minor overflow of significant details has
well documented that there are three main kinds of conditional sentence. The first one is the verb in the main clause is “will” or “shall” and the verb in the conditional clause is in the simple present tense. Secondly, in the main clause the verb is “should” or “would” and in the conditional clause the verb is in the simple past tense. Last but not the least, the verb in the principle clause is “should have” or “would have” while in the conditional clause is in the past perfect tense (Sinclair, 2011)
Teaching English If-conditional sentences to Chinese students is always a challenge for English teachers. English teachers are still continuously seeking for an effective method to make the language point more understandable for students. The probability approach put forward by Mei Wu (2012) provides a clear classification of conditional sentences. Based on her theory, conditional sentences can be mainly divided into four types. In terms of probability, type 1 is the factual conditionals (zero condition)
P(A) and P(B) represent the probabilities A and B separate from each other, while P(A|B) represents conditional probability; we observe A assuming that B is true. The theorem states that posterior odds equal prior odds multiplied by the likelihood ratio. In other words, the theorem takes into account the original odds, along with an evidence adjustment in
Pierre-Simon Laplace was born on March 23, 1749 in France (Pierre-Simon Laplace, 2000). He was a mathematician and astronomer who made great findings that contributed to mathematical astronomy and probability (Pierre-Simon Laplace, 2000). Not much is known about Laplace’s childhood because he rarely ever talked about his early days (Marquis de laplace, 2013). However, it is known that his family was middle-class and rich neighbors paid for him to attend school when they realized how talented the
Reducing the dimensionality of a model parameter space, this strategy enables to explore the space in more detail. The other strategy that can be thought of is refining the ensemble by discarding models which use weak attributes. We expect that such refinement can improve the BMA performance. To test the assumption made in section 2 and refine DT model ensembles obtained with BMA, we propose a new strategy aiming at discarding the DT models which use weak attributes. According to this strategy
Introduction Based on the textbooks in Hong Kong, the students in Primary 5 get the first chance to learn conditional sentences. There are four types in all: Type 0 (any situation which is always true), Type 1(something is going to happen in the future), Type 2 (an imaginary situation which stands no chance of happening or even impossible) and Type 3 (a situation which might have happened in the past but which did not really happen) (Loo, 1996). As time goes by, students will get a better understanding
For her book, Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting by in America, Barbara Ehrenreich, a middle-aged female investigative journalist, assumed the undercover position of a newly divorced housewife returning to work after several years of unemployment. The premise for Ehrenreich to go undercover in this way was due to her belief that a single mother returning to work after years of being on welfare would have a difficult time providing for her family on a low or minimum wage. Her cover story was the
Welfare economics which is the, "branch of economics that uses microeconomic to evaluate well-being from allocation of productive factors as to desirability and economic efficiency within an economy." Our economy is physically harmed, but one of the major effects would be welfare. The best known economic arguments in favor of welfare, is that payments to the idle, eminently throughout a time of recession, working as an automatic stabilizer. This reduces the shock to economy, throughout a recession
inancial stability has often been a pressing issue concerning the United States. Social welfare began as a federal government assistance to the poor, unemployed, and underemployed. Its mission aimed to provide financial aid to struggling families who were unable to provide basic necessities for themselves or their dependent children, until they were able to become fiscally independent. The need for welfare peaked in the 1930s with the Great Depression as millions of people were left unemployed due
Welfare Systems in the United States and France The French welfare system is complex and covers a wide variety of topics, from minimum wage to taxation systems to family benefits. The United States’ welfare system is not any less complex, and has similarities to Frances, but also has key differences. France has the idea that their system is more democratic than the United States’, but it can be difficult to determine with so many different parts to the system. There are also things that each county
Does Dependence Cause Poverty? A Synthesis of Let the Water Hold Me Down by Michael Spurgeon At first glance, independence would seem to be an underlying theme is Let the Water Hold Me Down Hank leaves his job and moves to a different country with almost no real plan, this would seem to fall in line with the characteristics of a highly independent person. Upon a more careful analysis, however, we begin to see Hanks actions were motivated not be his want to be independent, but by his fear of being
“Michigan lottery winner arrested on charges of felony welfare fraud” -- Melissa Anders -- Poverty is an issue in America that has become a growing problem. While it may not necessarily be an issue that gains a lot of attention from people in today’s society, it is still a problem that should be addressed, especially in times of economic hardship like the ones that we are currently experiencing. Money has become tight for a lot of people, but there are still those that have always had a problem