Among hospitalized patients around the world, Clostridium difficile is the primary source of infectious diarrhea. Previously, continuously unbalanced intestinal microbiota, usually due to antimicrobials, was deemed a precondition of developing the infection. However, recently, there have been alterations in the biology from virtually infecting the elderly population exclusively, wherein the microbiota in their guts have been interrupted by antimicrobials, to currently infecting individuals within
Abeer Tadrus and Hadjer Sahraoui BIO-325-01 Dr. McLaughlin 3/20/2014 Clostridium perfringens Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive spore-forming bacillus involved in foodborne illness and wound infection. It is an obligate anaerobe and the only member of the genus Clostridium that is non-motile. This microorganism is normally present in soil and decaying vegetation and is an inhabitant of animal and human intestines. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, C
History Clostridium botulinum has a rich history dating back to 19th century Europe where it first contaminated sausages, causing outbreaks of foodborne botulism. (1-3) In fact, the term botulism is derived from the Latin term botulus, meaning sausage. (1,3) Microbiologist Emile Pierre Marie van Ermengem first described the etiologic agent in 1897, (1-3) following isolation of the anaerobic bacillus from ham and splenic tissue obtained upon autopsy. (2,3) Although first referred to as Bacillus botulinus
The bacterium Clostridium difficile is a strictly anaerobic, spore forming, bacillus. It is present as normal flora in the intestines in 3% of healthy adults.1 It forms spores for protection in inhospitable environments. When the spore finds the right environmental factors it develops into the bacterium. The spores can survive on surfaces for months waiting for the right environment to grow and thrive. It is Gram positive so it appears blue or purple when Gram stained and has a thick peptidoglycan
Clostridium perfringens, formally known as C. welchii or Bacillus welchii, is a gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore forming bacterium. The first association C. perfringens had with gastrointestinal disease was in the 1920s (Songer, 1996). The next case was post-World War 1, in Germany, in the 1940s, when it caused gangrene of the bowel, enteritis necroticans. Since then, C. perfringens has been the most commonly associated with gas gangrene (Lawrence et al., 1997). In 1950, there was a confirmed
Description of Clostridium Difficile Clostridium difficile, otherwise known as C. diff, is a species of spore-forming, anaerobic, gram-positive bacteria that is known to cause watery diarrhea. 1 The genus name, Clostridium refers to the spindle shape of the organism while Difficile means difficult in Latin due to the fact that this organism thrives in unfavorable conditions and is very difficult to isolate.4 The incidence of getting CDI has increased over the years due to new strains of increased
Nursing Management of Patient with Clostridium Difficile Alyssia R. Twigg Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for NURS 342: Nursing Medical Surgical Shepherd University Department of Nursing April 8, 2015 Nursing Management of Patient with Clostridium Difficile A 55 year old patient was admitted to the inpatient unit from a hospice facility at 4:00 in the afternoon on April 1st, 2015. The patient has end stage pancreatic cancer with liver and bone metastasis. The
Clostridium tetani is a Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria retain a crystal violet stain in their thick peptidoglycan. C. tetani are bacillus-shaped organisms. Typically bacillus shaped organisms are shaped like rods, however, C. tetani, although bacillus, tend to have a drumstick-like shape. This drumstick shaping is due to terminal spores formed by the bacteria. Spores are dormant forms of an organism. The spores germinate and swell within the cell, imparting the bacteria’s drumstick
Clostridium Difficile (C. difficile) is a bacteria-related gastrointestinal infection that is caused (etiology) by the use of antibiotics therapy or exposure to the C. difficile spores (Swartz, 2013). According to published reports compiled by the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), National Safety Network (NHSN), and the Center for Disease Control Prevention (CDC), the rate of CDI have a major financial impact (costs associated with medical management of CDI) on health care institution
“Clostridium Difficile are the bacteria that can cause irritation or swelling of the large intestine, or colon. The inflammation caused by this bacteria is known as colitis. Inflammation further causes diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramping” (WebMD, C. Diff. Overview 2015). Put it all together and you get Clostridium Difficile Colitis. In 1973, John G. Bartlett began to see the connection between hospital diarrhea cases and colitis. He recognized articles with series of cases including deaths from
Fatal Dilemma: Using Clostridium botulinum as a Biological Weapon Ever since the dawn of biotechnology, the world had to face a new dilemma: bioterrorism. Using biological agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc., bioterrorism attack aims to cause illness of death in people, animals, or plants as a method of warfare. Used throughout history, biological weapon serves as a pivotal role in disarming an army. Botulism toxin, known for the most toxic substance in the biological world, has been
Botulism is a rare but serious condition caused by toxins from bacteria called Clostridium botulinum (Botulism, 2012). Botulinum neurotoxins or, as abbreviated BoNTs, are some of the most extreme and dangerous substances that are known to the human population. There are 3 forms of botulism which include infant botulism, food borne botulism and wound botulism (Botulism, 2012). This specific genus of Clostridium causes “flaccid muscle paralysis by blocking acetylcholine release at nerve muscle junctions
caused by poor communication, lack of proper nursing skills, or simply just negligence. QSEN can also be used to improve nursing outcomes for everyone involved in the healthcare field. A common hospital acquired condition that nurses see now days is clostridium difficile. This bacterium usually invades patients who have been on long-term antibiotics that have killed off bacteria that protect them from infection. C. diff is passed from host to host by both direct and indirect contact making it readily moved
stages of endospore formation the newly f... ... middle of paper ... ... B. cereus and other aerobic endospore formers are introduced via vegetables, fruits, or herbs and spices, while anaerobic spore formers like nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium estertheticum pose safety and spoilage risks in chilled packaged foods, respectively. References microbeonline. Available at: http://microbeonline.com/bacterial-spores-structure-importance-and-examples-of-spore-forming-bacteria/
Introduction Clostridium tetani more commonly known as Tetanus is an acute infectious disease. Tetanus is not contagious and is a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani. It is characterized by muscular spasms that mainly involve the voluntary muscle groups. Tetanus can affect horses, goat, swine, cat, dog, sheep, cattle and many other domestic animals. In cattle the disease is relatively rare, but in some cases can spread through a herd causing substantial economic loss. Clostridium tetani is a
The disease, botulism, which is caused by Clostridium botulinium, is an emerging infectious disease. Clostridium botulinium is a bacterium that produces a neurotoxin that causes botulism. The bacterium is spore-forming, and anaerobic, meaning it does not need oxygen to grow. There are three main types of illnesses that Clostridium botulinium typically cause: Food-borne botulism, infant botulism, and wound botulism. Unbeknownst to common knowledge, infant botulism is the most common form of the
1. My life before the war1 Hi, I am Jim; I a clostridium tetani bacterium but most people know our kind as tetanus. We clostridium tetani are anaerobic rod shaped bacterium, I am 4.0-8.0 µm pretty impressive huh? My parents and I live in a pile of animal feces but now I have a younger sibling so we are going to have to move to either an old rusty nail or some dust. We are just waiting here for another one of those silly human beings to come along so we can get in to their wounds and infect them;
According to the article The mechanism and efficacy of probiotics in the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea there is a great concern about increasing incidence of C. difficile infection due to use of broad spectrum antibiotics. Clindamycin, third generation of cephalosporins and flouroquinolones are considered high risk antibiotics. It is believed that normal gastrointestinal flora has potential effect in inhibition C.difficile growth and toxin A,B release which offen associated
It is known to be one of the most poisonous biological substances and is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium Botulinum. Clostridium Botulinum a rod-shaped organism is known to grow best in low oxygen conditions. This bacteria form spores allowing them to stay dormant until it encounters a condition that cannot support its growth. Clostridium Botulinum produces eight antigenically distinguishable exotoxins (A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F, and G). All variations of this microorganism interfere
Clostridium Difficile, also known in the medical community as C. diff, is a multi-drug resistant organism that can cause symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to life threatening kidney failure. Typically known to only affect older adults who are being cared for in a hospital or long-term care facility and who had recently been taking antibiotic mediations, C. diff is shown to be increasing in younger, healthier individuals who have no previous antibiotic use or health care setting exposure. As nurses