Spinal cord injuries can range from minor, meaning the injured will recover, to very severe injuries that can cause significant damage to someone’s body and self-esteem. Approximately 12,000 people per year experience spinal cord injuries in the United States. 50% of all spinal cord injuries occur between the ages of 16 and 30 and 80% of all spinal cord injuries happen to males. The most common accidents that cause spinal cord injuries are motor vehicle accidents followed by falls, violence and
One of the different stroke is the lateral medulla syndrome. Most of the time it gets misdiagnosed a 50-year-old man who is a non-smoker, non-hypersensitive, non-diabetic showed the history of abrupt commencement of discord of the gait, dysarthria and dysphagia. He is radiologically and clinically diagnosed as a case history of Ischaemic stroke. This subject improved considerably with treatment. Wallenberg is usually caused by obstruction of the cranial articulation of the rear inferior cerebellar
the neck due to a rapid, forceful, backwards motion6 • May involve the following: 6 ○ Injury to vertebral and paravertebral structures (fractures, dislocations, ligamentous tears, and disc disruption/subluxation) ○ Spinal cord injury (traumatic central cord syndrome secondary to cord compression or vascular insult) ○ Vascular injury (vertebral artery or carotid artery dissection) ○ Soft tissue injury around cervical spine (cervical strain/sprain) CLASSIFICATION • Cervical Injury classification25 ○ Major
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) or "crib death" is an abrupt and inexplicable death of an apparently healthy infant. Most of the cases involve infants from ages 1-12 months, and the event occurs during the night. Various theories have been postulated from research results but without consistency of the etiology. Since the death is sudden, prior diagnostic criteria or patterns are not available for correlation, although some near-miss infants have been
astrocytic reactivity, producing hardened patches or plaques from which the disease gets its name. the most common side of plaques are in the boundary grey matter in the cerebellum, cerebellar white matter, optic nerves, cervical portion of spinal cord and brain stem. Multiple sclerosis Diagnostic Criteria Numerous different diagnostic criteria have been proposed over the year. The criteria that colleagues formulated in 1965 was define of relapses worsening symptom lasting longer than 24 hours
connected by paired facet joints located between the articular processes of the pedicles and by the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments. Intervertebral foramina are formed by notches in the articular processes of adjacent pedicles of two vertebrae; the disk is anterior and medial to the foramen. Nerve roots of L1-L5 descend from the conus medullaris (termination of the adult spinal cord, typically located between T10 and L1 vertebral levels) and exit at the neural foramina of their respective
Neuropsychologist A neuropsychologist is a professional in the field of psychology that focuses on the interrelationships between neurological processes and behavior. They work as a team with neurologists, neurosurgeons, and primary care physicians. Neuropsychologists extensively study the anatomy, pathology, and physiology of the nervous system (http://www.tbidoc.com/Appel2.html). Clinical neuropsychologists then apply this knowledge to the assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and/or rehabilitation
features of each patient allow a rational consideration of relevant alternate diagnosis. Potential multiple sclerosis “mimics” can be easily distinguished from other patients as most relapsing onset patients have either optic neuritis or myelitic syndromes. 1. Monosymptomatic demyelination It is a single attack of optic neuritis, horizontal myelitis or any other lesions limited to one anatomic localization at one point in time. It represents first incident of multiple sclerosis. It shares similar
information at school, write notes, walk our dogs at the park and communicate with other people around us. The one responsible for all of these actions that we do is the nervous system in our body. Our nervous system, which consists of the brain, spinal cord and the nerves, serves as the command center of our body. A person will be in a lot of trouble if something goes wrong to their nervous system. It can affect the way a person moves, speak, breath and even learn. Neurological diseases is the term used
cranial nerves with motor function, or from the anterior horns of grey matter to the spinal nerves (Murdoch, 1998). If there are lesions to spinal nerves and the cranial nerves with motor speech functions, it is indicative of a lower motor neuron lesion and flaccid dysarthria. Damage to lower motor neurons that supply the speech muscles is also known as bulbar palsy (Pena-Brooks & Hedge, 2007). Potential etiologies of flaccid dysarthria include spinal cord injury, cerebrovascular accidents, tumors or
dome-shaped structure in the front of the eye that encloses the anterior chamber of the eye. It is transparent, allowing light to enter the eye, and along with the lens helps focus and direct light onto the retina. The middle layer of the eye includes the iris, the ciliary body, the lens and the choroid. The iris gives a person’s distinct eye colour, controls the size of the pupil and hence the amount of light entering the eye. It separates the anterior and posterior chambers in the front part of the eye.
The inside of the cerebral hemisphere contain several large interconnected clusters of cell bodies known as basal ganglia. These link sensory parts of the cerebral cortex to its motor parts, and connect the motor parts of the brain stem and spinal cord. They are involved in initiating and directing responding. The basal ganglia are also thought to play a key role in language, thought, emotional behavior, and motivation. Then one suggestion is that the basal ganglia selects and reinforces appropriate
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Many studies have established that a developing organism is susceptible to exogenous and endogenous factors during certain stage of the organism’s development. The effects of ethyl alcohol or ethanol on the developing fetus, which manifest a variety of characteristic abnormalities, are collectively called Fetal alcohol Syndrome. Ethanol exposure to the fetus causes various malformation ranging from the cellular to the organismic levels with the eventual results frequently
Development of the Human Zygote Hundreds of thousands of times a year a single-celled zygote, smaller than a grain of sand, transforms into an amazingly complex network of cells, a newborn infant. Through cellular differentiation and growth, this process is completed with precision time and time again, but very rarely a mistake in the "blueprint" of growth and development does occur. Following is a description of how the pathways of this intricate web are followed and the mistakes which
The Continuing Mystery of SIDS Sudden infant death syndrome ( SIDS) is the greatest cause of infant deaths ranging from ages one month to one year. Most of these deaths occur before the age of six months. Normally, any unexplainable infant death is considered to be due to SIDS. Numerous attempts have been made to discover the exact cause of this syndrome. However,the only known pathology is that SIDS is due to a dysfunction or abnormality in the cardiac and/or respiratory systems. To this point
vCJD Infection from bovine prions Familial CJD fCJD Germline mutations in the PrP gene Latrogenic CJD lCJD Infection from contaminated corneal and dural grafts, pituitary hormone, neurosurgical apparatus Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome GSS Germline mutations in the PrP gene Fatal Familial Insomnia FFI Germline mutations in the PrP gene... ... middle of paper ... ... Following the proper guidelines for reducing the risk of transmission of TSEs in a clinical setting
perfusion. Impaired ventilation may occur in conditions such as inadequate muscle or nerve function to move air into the lungs, such as cervical spinal cord injury; narrowed airways from bronchoconstriction like in asthma, or from obstruction like in chronic bronchitis; poor gas diffusion in the alveoli, such as pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome or pneumonia. Altered transport of oxygen occurs when sufficient red blood cell are not available to carry oxygen, like in anemia. Inadequate perfusion
It usually appears after spinal shock has subsided and is part of an upper motor neuron (UMN) syndrome. Other symptoms related to spasticity are muscle spasms, an abnormal increase in muscle tone, overactive stretch reflex, and clonus. Multiple causes can contribute to an increase in spasticity including but not limited to: changes in positions
monoamine-related substance (Levitt 1975, Grilly, 1998). This means that psilocybin's biochemical effects are mediated by changes in the activity of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the central nervous system (made up of the brain and the spinal cord) primarily by way of 5HT2a receptors (Grilly 1998, Hasler 2003). Monoamine-related drugs share a basic similarity in molecular structure with monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Psilocybin produces bodily changes