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Oppenheimer's contribution to science
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There are many different types of science in today's society. A few of these sciences include biology, chemistry, and physics. There are subjects within these subjects, also. One of these subjects is known as quantum physics. “Quantum physics is the theory that underlies nearly all our current understanding of the physical universe” (Rae xi). Without quantum physics, which will be referred to as quantum mechanics, and a few important quantum physicists, such as Max Planck, Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger, Werner Heisenberg, and Albert Einstein, especially, many, if not all, things in the physical universe would not be understood. Max Planck was one of the founders of quantum mechanics. He was born on April 23, 1858 in Kiel, Germany. He gained his interests in mathematics and physics when he was nine years old. Planck enrolled into Munich University in 1874, but three years later, he transferred to the University of Berlin to study physics. He was awarded his doctoral degree in 1879. He started out as a lecturer, and then he was designated the position of associate professor at the University of Kiel in 1885. He was then a professor at the University of Berlin in 1889 and later appointed to the full professor in 1892. He was recognized as a theoretical physicists before theoretical physics was recognized fully as its own discipline (Barron para. 2-4). If it were not for Max Planck, quantum mechanics would not have been created, potentially. In 1900, he presented the law which brought about quantum mechanics (Charap 3). There was a major error in what physicists believed about the structure of an atom. This was demonstrated by Planck when he showed as the electron moves around the nucleus, it accelerates. Because of this accele... ... middle of paper ... ...e Great Debate About the Nature of Reality. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2008. Print. Landshoff, Peter, Metherell, Allen, and Gareth Rees. Essential Quantum Physics. New York: Cambridge UP, 1997. Print. Laughlin, Robert B. A Different Universe: Reinventing Physics from the Bottom Down. New York: Basic Books, 2005. Print. O'Connor, J.J. And Robertson, E.F. “Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger.” The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, 2003. Web. 27 April 2013. “Planck's Contstant.” Quantum Physics, n.d. Web. 17 April 2013. Qualitative Reasoning Group of Northwestern University. “Propulsion.” What Is An Atom?, n.d. Web. 24 April 2013. Rae, Alastair. Quantum Physics Illusion or Reality? New York: Cambridge UP, 2004. Print. Rigden, John. Einstein 1905. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2005. Print
Albert Einstein is looked at as one of the most magnificent scientific thinkers throughout history. His theories on the nature and dimensions of time and space immensely changed the way people thought of the physical world and established many of the major fundamental foundations for a tremendous amount of the our scientific discoveries and inventions in the 21st century.
The novel, Alice and Quantum Land, by Robert Gilmore is an adventure in the Quantum universe. Alice, a normal teenage girl, goes through quantum land and understands what quantum is and how it works. The quantum world is a difficult one to understand, as its nature is one of complex states of being, natures, principles, notions, and the like. When these principles or concepts are compared with the macro world, one can find great similarities and even greater dissimilarities between the world wherein electrons rule, and the world wherein human beings live. In Alice in Quantumland, author Robert Gilmore converts the original tale of Alice in Wonderland from a world of anthropomorphic creatures into the minute world of quantum mechanics, and attempts to ease the reader into this confusing world through a series of analogies (which comprise an allegory) about the principles of quantum mechanics. Through Alice’s adventure she comes across some ideas or features that contradict real world ideas. These ideas are the following: Electrons have no distinguishing spin, the Pauli Exclusion Principle, Superposition, Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, and Interference and Wave Particle Duality.
Physics is the study of matter and how it interacts with other matter and the universe as a whole (“Physics (science)”). In the novel City at the End of Time by Greg Bear, the author uses physics to create the plot in the novel. The novel takes place in two cities, a present day Seattle and the Kalpa, a city one hundred trillion years in the future. Jack, Ginny, and Daniel are drifters living in Seattle, and they are all in possession of sum-runners. The sum-runners allow them to cross “fate-lines” or world-lines. In the Kalpa’s universe space has continuously expanded and the fabric of space is being torn causing rips in space. The Typhon, an unexplainable entity, consumes the decaying space homing in on the Earth. Bear does not use basic physics, instead he focuses on the more complex branches such as theoretical physics, astrophysics, and quantum physics. Bear uses theories from each branch, puts his own twist on them. Bear uses the multiverse theory used both in theoretical physics, and quantum physics, and the Big Rip, and Big Crunch theory used in astrophysics. Greg Bear accurately uses theories in the branches theoretical physics, astrophysics, and quantum physics in the novel City at the End of Time.
In the 1920s the new quantum and relativity theories were engaging the attentions of science. That mass was equivalent to energy and that matter could be both wavelike and corpuscular carried implications seen only dimly at that time. Oppenheimer's early research was devoted in particular to energy processes of subatomic particles, including electrons, positrons, and cosmic rays. Since quantum theory had been proposed only a few years before, the university post provided him an excellent opportunity to devote his entire career to the exploration and development of its full significance. In addition, he trained a whole generation of U.S. physicists, who were greatly affected by his qualities of leadership and intellectual independence.
The author tells of how waves are effected by quantum mechanic. He also discusses the fact that electromagnetic radiation, or photons, are actually particles and waves. He continues to discuss how matter particles are also matter, but because of their h bar, is so small, the effects are not seen. Green concludes the quantum mechanics discussion by talking about the uncertainty principle.Chapter 5: The need for a New Theory: General Relativity vs.
Polkinghorne asserts that “scientists are motivated by the desire understand what is happening in the world.”(551, Polkinghorne). As a physicist himself, Polkinghorne understands the desire to understand the world, even shifting careers to become a priest to better his understanding. Science asks how things happen, and does not attempt to answer every question. Questions asking why go ignored, as if they are not necessary to fully understand the world and the life that lives here. Science alone
Schrodingers equation is always used for the use of physics and chemistry still to this day. His equation is usually used to find the wave functions to atomic use and electrons and atoms. It also helps explain the Many worlds theory which is used for other experiments as well. The equation uses acceleration, force, and mass. However that is just the simple F=ma. That equation is only used to find what kind of force you need to use, or how much force. The equation can go really deep and long, depending what kind of equation you are trying to use and find. When trying to find Waves and particles you have to find the Mass, Time, speed, etc. Schrodingers equation was slightly more difficult where how do you find a particle, and how do you get
Physics can be found in all aspects of our lives and the world around us including the activities in which we find the most enjoyment. They may not be noticeable to the naked eye or even to our senses but they are there and when we become familiar with the concepts of physics then we began to ‘see’ physics everywhere.
Of the many counter intuitive quirks of quantum mechanics, the strangest quirk is perhaps the notion of quantum entanglement. Very roughly, quantum entanglement a phenomenon where the state of a large system cannot be described by the state of the smaller systems that compose it. On the standard metaphysical interpretation of quantum entanglement, this is taken to show that there exists emergent properties1. If this standard interpretation is correct, it seems that physics paints a far different picture of the world then commonsense leads one to believe.
He has significantly altered our view of the world with his Theory of Relativity. The other one is not so well known, his works are commonly associated with Einstein instead. His name is Heisenberg. He is a narrator. He worked mainly in Quantum Physics and was responsible for the development of the Principle of Uncertainty.
Stemming from the first years of the 20th century, quantum mechanics has had a monumental influence on modern science. First explored by Max Planck in the 1900s, Einstein modified and applied much of the research in this field. This begs the question, “how did Einstein contribute to the development and research of quantum mechanics?” Before studying how Einstein’s research contributed to the development of quantum mechanics, it is important to examine the origins of the science itself. Einstein took much of Planck’s experimental “quantum theory” research and applied it in usable ways to existing science. He also greatly contributed to the establishment of the base for quantum mechanics research today. Along with establishing base research in the field, Einstein’s discoveries have been modified and updated to apply to our more advanced understanding of this science today. Einstein greatly contributed to the foundation of quantum mechanics through his research, and his theories and discoveries remain relevant to science even today.
Werner Heisenberg was the first to realize that certain pairs of measurements have an intrinsic uncertainty associated with them. For instance, if you have a very good idea of where something is located, then, to a certain degree, you must have a poor idea of how fast it is moving or in what direction. We don't notice this in everyday life because any inherent uncertainty from Heisenberg's principle is well within the acceptable accuracy we desire. For example, you may see a parked car and think you know exactly where it is and exactly how fast it is moving. But would you really know those things exactly? If you were to measure the position of the car to an accuracy of a billionth of a billionth of a centimeter, you would be trying to measure the positions of the individual atoms which make up the car, and those atoms would be jiggling around just because the temperature of the car was above absolute zero!
Science is an approach by which scientists relate things to each other and explain the main concepts that govern the very laws that they derive. [Gauch, 2003]
During the seventeenth century, the modern science of physics started to emerge and become a widespread tool used around the world. Many prominent people contributed to the build up of this fascinating field and managed to generally define it as the science of matter and energy and their interactions. However, as we know, physics is much more than that. It explains the world around us in every form imaginable. The study of physics is a fundamental science that helps the advancing knowledge of the natural world, technology and aids in the other sciences and in our economy. Without the field of physics, the world today would be a complete mystery, everything would be different because of the significance physics has on our life as individuals and as a society.
Humbled at last by his enemies, the father of modern science wasn’t wholly subdued. His discoveries impacted the world as we see it. Without his sacrifice and motive to fight for what he believed in, we wouldn’t be as advanced as we are today in modern science. Although society advanced by increased knowledge, having more scientific answers, and increased new developments because of the freedom to deviate from established theories, there were some negative effects. Society had lost their innocence and belief in their traditional faith. Galileo’s battle against the Church was worthwhile for generations to come. Without his inventions, theories, or introduction to the concept of theory experimenting, the world of modern science wouldn’t exist as we know it today.