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Performance appraisal literature review
Importance of human resource function
The impact of HR practices on employee performance
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Recommended: Performance appraisal literature review
Human resource management is a complex area of study. It involves the leadership and management of an organization’s people in a way that allows for optimization of company goals Human resource managers need to be careful that their decisions do not lower employee moral, as it can greatly impact the future of the business. In Yahoo’s case, the two major aspects affecting its management of human resources were performance appraisals, and human resource planning. More specifically, Marissa Mayer, CEO of Yahoo, used rating scales to measure job performance, and then fired hundreds of employees using that data. The result? A low employee morale, and even lower profits and web-traffic, the lifeblood of Yahoo. Marissa Mayer started her technology career at Google, called the “Geek Goddess” by Vanity Fair in 2014 and hailed as the face of Google during her tenure there. She was the 20th employee, and her early years at Google were hailed as a critical success. However, throughout her years at …show more content…
Every employee is ranked, and then the bottom 5% of employees are fired. Mayer’s Q.P.R. is a forced distributions performance appraisal. I say this because it is mentioned in the New York Times article that managers were “forced to give poor rankings to a certain percentage of their team…” (Goel, 2016). Forced distribution is, as the name implies, a performance appraisal method that forces managers to categorize employees. It appears that employees are ranked from 1 to 5, and then those ranks are used to categorize the employee into various classifications, including the “bottom 5%”. This form of performance appraisal is controversial, and strongly disliked by many supervisors, as it may not form an accurate picture of the employees rated. It lowers morale, and causes competition among employees that is counterproductive to the culture of an
Bohlander, George, and Scott Snell. Managing Human Resources. 15th. Mason, OH: South-Western Pub, 2009. 98-147. Print.
The performance assessment and appraisal forms are crucial within the performance management system (Aguinis, 2014). However, the appraisal form within the case study provided is designed for the supervisor’s use thus missing one vital factor throughout the entire process, employee participation. Thus, questioning the validity and reliability of the process. This is especially concerning as the bottom 10 per cent of employees are being fired and the top 20 per cent are being rewarded with $5,000.00 based on what their supervisor records on the form without consultation with employees. Thus, supervisors may not provide accurate scores as they do not have to justify their responses (Aguinis,
Halo has traditionally been considered a serious problem for the effectiveness of an appraisal system. Cleveland, Murphy, and Williams, (2009) organizations generally use performance evaluations to make some sort of decision about a worker and his job When evaluating a person, the organization attempts to measure the worker on several different criteria. In this way, the worker, with the help of the organization, is able to be aware of his strengths and can target areas for improvement. Halo eliminates the varian...
In 2012, Forbes contributor Sebastian Bailey professed, “Bad performance management costs a lot and delivers very little. In fact, when it goes wrong, he tells us, it dilutes the effect of every other people investment. Yet, when done right, the impact is significant (Bailey, 2012). We learn from Aguinis (2013), that there are dangers associated with a poorly implemented performance management systems. These include; increased turnover, wasted time and money, decreased motivation to perform, as well as damaged relationships and lowered self-esteem (p.9). The first purpose of performance management systems is to help top management achieve strategic business objectives (Aguinis, 2013). This reinforces behaviors that are consistent with the company’s cultures and goals and also plays an important role on the commitment, engagement and loyalty of company employees. Employees who have clear expectations, can align their values and vision with the company’s, understand what is expected of them and what they earn in return will have higher satisfaction and longevity within an organization.
Wrangling behind closed doors for up to two days at a time, the bosses compare and contrast the performance of workers over the prior six months and rate them on a five-point scale, with the top 5% designated "superior" and the bottom 15% labeled "needs improvement." In between are "excellent" (30%), "strong" (30%) and "satisfactory" (20%). You don't want to be in the cellar: anyone descr...
Human resource management and the organizations in which it takes place are facing challenges from a changing environment. Hiring the proper people with the appropriate skills is an essential part of maintaining the workplace. Economic issues which include downsizing, organizational culture, productivity, ethics, demographics, and diversity plays a significant role when redesigning a company 's Human Resource Department. Success in the field of Human Resource requires an update of knowledge continually. Training, certifications, hands-on experience, and tactic knowledge helps to perform a difficult redesigning task with speed and sensitivity. Human Resource actions are comprised of but not limited to equal employment, staffing, compensation, benefits, labor relations, and safety. Ethical issues are
Managers are most frequently found by their subordinates unable to demonstrate a much cooperative stance in terms of telling them what information they need, using the HR metrics information included in existing reports, or even acknowledging receipt of the reports. These perceptions actually comprise the basic concern in organizations and their utilization of metrics and analytics as most managers view metrics and analytics as a simple regular task in a management policy to compute and report more metrics. There is obvious lack of communication and information regarding the assessment and report of HR metrics and the positive results in better organizational performance. Information systems help managers make different and better decisions which also include...
A solution to address issues with the current rating scale would be to utilize Management by Objectives (MBO) and a ranking system like a forced distribution. By having set objectives that employees are compared to, it reduces the ambiguity of the pervious system. The ranking mechanism aids in identifying the best workers and makes it easier to compensate them properly as a result.
Taylor, W (2008, May 19). Why zappos pays new employees to quit—and you should too.
Human resource management (HRM) encompasses the activities of acquiring, maintaining, and developing the organization's employees (human resources). "The traditional view of these activities focuses on planning for staffing needs, recruiting and selecting of employees, orienting and training staff, appraising their performance, providing compensations and benefits, and making their career movement and development." HRM involves two aspects:...
Rating bias (Ilgen, Barnes-Farrell, & McKellin, 1993) that can be further categorized into ratee-centric bias (when one person evaluates the other person); rater-centric bias (when the person being evaluated deliberately influences the rater’s judgment); system-centric bias (when "erratic judgment" occurs because of flawed rating scales) and gender-based bias (Varma & Stroh, 2001) are the most common ways of bias to occur (Pesta et al , 2005). Additionally, managerial bias (Latham et al, 2008) where employees face issues like grade inflation, bell curve grading, benchmarking along with no clear indication of what the employee actually lacks causes distress between employees and sometimes worsens relationships by promoting unhealthy competition (Beck et al, 2014). Moreover, not only are these ranking irrelevant to objectives of conduction by reflecting biases but they even impact material morale and satisfaction. Not so surprisingly, 95 percent of managers reflected on ratings being inflexible and 90 percent of HR professionals agreed that such ratings did not provide accurate insights on employee performance either in the pst or in the near future (Sutton, Baldwin, Wood & Hoffman,
...organizational annual pay and grading reviews, Performance appraisals generally review each individual's performance against objectives and standards for the trading year, agreed at the previous appraisal meeting. Performance appraisals are also essential for career and succession planning - for individuals, crucial jobs, and for the organization as a whole. Performance appraisals are important for staff motivation, attitude and behavior development, communicating and aligning individual and organizational aims, and fostering positive relationships between management and staff. Performance appraisals provide a formal, recorded, regular review of an individual's performance, and a plan for future development.
Noe, Raymond A., John R. Hollenbeck, Barry Gerhart, and Patrick M. Wright. Human Resource Management: Gaining a Competitive Advantage. 7th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2010. Print.
Human Resource Management (HRM) is fundamentally another name for personnel management. It is the process of making sure the employees are as creative as they can be. HRM is a way of grouping the range of activities associated with managing people that are variously categorised under employee relations, industrial/labour relations, personnel management and organisational behaviour. Many academic departments where research and teaching in all these areas take place have adopted the title department of human resources management. HRM is a coordinated approach to managing people that seeks to integrate the various personnel activates so that they are compatible with each other. Therefore the key areas of employee resourcing, employee development, employee reward and employee involvement are considered to be interrelated. Policy-making and procedures in one of these areas will have an impact on other areas, therefore human resources management is an approach that takes a holistic view and considers how various areas can be integrated.
Whether an organization consists of five or 25,000 employees, human resources management is vital to the success of the organization. HR is important to all managers because it provides managers with the resources – the employees – necessary to produce the work for the managers and the organization. Beyond this role, HR is capable of becoming a strong strategic partner when it comes to “establishing the overall direction and objectives of key areas of human resource management in order to ensure that they not only are consistent with but also support the achievement of business goals.” (Massey, 1994, p. 27)