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Abstract Workplace harassment, discrimination, and mobbing are found to be common practices in some organizations and it has gotten increasingly worse. Organizations have developed programs to help reduce if not eliminate this growing problem. This paper will specifically discuss the types of workplace discrimination, harassment, and mobbing, and ways to eliminate this growing problem.
Workplace Harassment, discrimination, and mobbing
Workplace Harassment Workplace harassment can be in all forms. Harassment at work or anywhere is a growing and organizations should have policies and procedures in place to help if an employee goes to their immediate supervisor to express that they have been harassed. For example, harassment can be any unwelcomed advances by another employee; you can be harassed by a member in upper management, or even by someone that could be a visitor to your place of employment. According to (Bowling, N. & Beehr,
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& Charlesworth, S. 2015, Para. Abstract), “Men are overwhelmingly responsible for sexual harassment against women in the workplace. However, the literature also points to less typical manifestations, including sexual harassment by men of other men and by women of men or other women”. This statement the authors made is an alarming, because it not only tells us that men are committing acts of harassment, but it’s also women committing acts of harassment. A study was conducted in Australia and it revealed, “That twenty-five percent of women and sixteen percent of men reported having experienced sexual harassment in the workplace in the past five year (AHRC, 2012). According to (Tseng, L.M., 2012, Para. Introduction), says, “quid pro quo sexual harassment occurs when a harasser makes unwelcomed sexual advances toward the victim in exchange for workplace benefits”. (Fineran, 2002; Buchanan and Fitzgerald, 2008) This type of harassment, quid pro quo is not uncommon; it can happen at any
Despite legislation for equal opportunities, sexism is still evident in the workplace. Women have made great advancements in the workforce and have become an integral part of the labor market. They have greater access to higher education and as a result, greater access to traditionally male dominated professions such as law. While statistics show that women are equal to men in terms of their numbers in the law profession, it is clear however, that they have not yet achieved equality in all other areas of their employment. Discrimination in the form of gender, sex and sexual harassment continues to be a problem in today’s society.
The “quid pro quo” harassment culprit is a boss or supervisor that gives certain employees below them benefits if they enter into a sexual relationship, or grant sexual favors to the boss/supervisor (Shaw, p.444). This form of sexual harassment is hard to argue, the suppressor is clearly taking advantage of the subordinate, because the subordinate is at risk for losing their job if they don’t participate.
Nurses as caring professionals, it is surprising that incivility such as bullying exists in nursing workplace. Workplace bullying is a major occupational health concern among nurses worldwide, and it has increased health care cost due to high turnover (Stagg & Sheridan, 2010). Research shows that 20-25% of nurses suffer from bullying behaviour in the workplace (Wilson, 2016). The prevalence of bullying has many negative consequences such as negative health outcome of the nurse victims, the organizational performance, and the adverse patient outcomes (Wilson, 2016). Hence, combating the issue of bullying in nursing is of heightened importance (Ganz, et al., 2015). Nurse leaders can play an important role in maintaining the positive workplace environment, and prevent the bullying (College of Nurses Ontario, 2017). In this paper, I will explain about workplace bullying in nursing, and how the transformational leadership style can be used to create a positive work environment. For this, I
Basson, in Sexual Harassment in the Workplace: An Overview of Developments, makes the claim that ‘unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature’ is not necessarily sexual harassment until a certain level or degree of unacceptability is attained (Basson, 2007: 426). This according to the author is the first step towards a threshold in which one should ask the question as to whether the conducts was welcomed or unwelcomed (Basson, 2007: 427). As far as the types of conduct that may be constituted as sexual harassment is concerned, a distinction is usually made, “within the broad spectrum of the sexual nature of the conduct, between physical, verbal and non-verbal conduct” (Basson, 2007: 427). Sexual harassment can also be defined as sexual innuendo, comments
Roberts, Barry S. and Richard A. Mann. ?Sexual Harassment in the Workplace: A Primer.? n.pag. On-line. Internet. 5 Dec 2000. Available WWW:
According to legal dictionary (2013), sexual harassment refers to any form of unwelcome sexual behavior or advances, appeals for sexual errands, and other form of physical or verbal conduct or behavior that portrays sex nature and tends to make the working environment offensive or hostile. Any behavior or remarks that take such forms constitute sexual harassment when: Compliance to such conduct happens either implicitly or explicitly based on employment of an individual, rejection or compliance to such conduct is used to make decisions during employment and when such conduct interferes or affects performance of a person at the workplace. Sexual harassment ta...
Acts of sexual harassment against another individual have sadly become a common incidence in the workplace. It can be either physical or verbal. In 2008 the Association of Women for Action and Research conducted a survey addressing the issue of sexual harassment in the workplace. The study, which included 500 respondents and 92 companies, showed that 79% of the victims are women and 21% were men; 54% had experienced some form of workplace sexual harassment, 27% experienced harassment by their colleague, while, 17% were harassed by their superior. The study also showed that 12% had received threats of termination if they did no comply with the requests of the sexual harassers ("Statistics | AWARE | Workplace Sexual Harassment", n.d.).
Sexual harassment is so ordinary in the workforce that frequently we fail to even recognize harassing behavior as immoral. This is because so many of us--women and men alike--have become desensitized to offensive behaviors. Sexual harassment in any form is unacceptable behavior and should not be tolerated by anyone. It undermines our ability to study, to work, and to feel like effective, empowered people in the world.
An article by Jennifer L. Berdahl and Vicki J. Magley describes sexual harassment as repetitive, unwelcome, motivated by the victim’s gender, and can possibly lead to damaging psychological outcomes (529). It can be sexual jokes, comments, gestures, or looks, touching, grabbing, pinching, intentionally brushing past in a sexual way, flashing, mooning, spreading sexual rumors, pulling clothing, or showing or giving sexual images (Stone and Couch 2). Sexual harassment can be as small of an incident as a cat-call to as large of an incident as molestation or rape. Both have a long lasting effect on a person.
Behavior that is considered harassment include, but are not limited to, threats, intimidation, derogatory statements, malicious statements, or any inappropriate, unwelcome, physical or verbal advances, that foster a hostile work environment for the person on the receiving end of the harassing words or actions.
Harassment and discrimination claims are due to lack of education about the subject. As an independent human resources consultant, Santiago-Santos will organize a local education campaign and provide employers with different trainings to educate them and their employees about harassment and discrimination. Employers will have a better understanding on how to develop internal policies and procedures to address these claims. Also, trainings will be provided for employees and they will be educated on how to prevent and identify harassment and discrimination as well as what steps to take in order to report such behavior.
...tention, sexual advances, and requests for sexual favors and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature.’ In general, sexual harassment refers to conduct that can be reasonably considered unwelcome or personally offensive” (“Sexual Harassment,” WAGE). Legality comes into play when harassment is so frequent that it creates a hostile work environment or when it results in the victim being punished. The harasser can be anyone in the workplace and can even include offensive comments about women in general (“Sexual Harassment,” U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission). In legal terms, sexual harassment can generally be classified as either quid pro quo or hostile work environment (“Sexual Harassment,” WAGE). While various people try to doubt that sexual harassment is an issue, it remains a pressing issue harming women in today’s society and workforce.
Sexual harassment in the workplace has more than likely existed for as long as human beings of different genders have been working together. However, it did not come to light as a problem until the mid 1970s. During this time, sexuality in the workplace instantaneously experienced considerable awareness and appeared to be extensive and to have long-lasting and harmful effects on a sufficient number of working women. Although, this was initially viewed as counter-intuitive, since some women believed they profited from seductive behavior at work by gaining unfair advantages and privileges from their flirtatious behavior. This can be regarded as a form of micromanipulation in response to male control of social institutions, which will be discussed
Sexual harassment in the workplace has been a huge problem in recent history. It can happen to anyone, and it can happen everywhere. It can affect all types of races, genders and ages. Statistics today show that more and more sexual harassment has become an issue due to the large number of cases presented. Mainstream media becomes consumed covering sexual harassment because of the high-profile cases.
... named in the1970s, workplace sexual harassment has increasingly been the subject of legal measures, awareness campaigns and workplace policies in countries across the world. Through these initiatives, a broad consensus around how this kind of treatment should be defined has been developed: it is usually identified as sex-based or sexual behavior unwelcome to its recipient. The research conducted on its extent and dynamics has confirmed that workplace sexual harassment, although it has male victims, is overwhelmingly directed at women. Moreover, it appears to be more often encountered by those who are in a less-powerful labor market position, including young workers, domestic workers, women in non-traditional jobs, migrant workers and women in the informal sector. It is also apparent that sexual harassment imposes heavy costs on both its victims and their employers.