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Origin and development of Human Resources Management
Origin and development of Human Resources Management
Origin and development of Human Resources Management
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Since organizations, manufactures, corporations were created, so was the need for human resource management. Human resource management could be explained as the process of managing and monitoring individuals within the operation of organizations in the most efficient and productive way. Nowadays, organizations are suffering unprecedented levels of change in the environment; however, human resource management does help the organization to sustain and expand in harsh environments through the efficient allocation of human resource. In the past, labors worked in factories and manufactures were considered low level class in the society with little or no education. However, due to the technological advance where machines and complex technologies …show more content…
Working conditions could be defined as the environments in and under which task is carried out as regards the work circumstance and the time, place and organization of work. Working conditions do also include the customary subject of labor regulation and therefore, working conditions are reinforced by different sources such as legislation, agreements, work rules, the contract of employment, custom and practice. Nowadays, the definition of working conditions is more extensive which it also includes the economic aspect and its influences on living conditions and the social roles of employees. Drawing on this definition and relating it with knowledge and data gained through the researches, the essay will undertake wider research into the different working conditions that exist in China and Germany such as social roles, overtime work, forced labor, occupational health and safety. Moreover, the essay will also provide an analysis of the conditions in Germany and China as a means of whether they support the case for convergence or divergence in global working …show more content…
While 31.5% in Western Germany and 26.5% in Eastern Germany reported they were pleased with the present working hours (European Foundation, 2007). However, over the several years, the percentage of workforces who wanted to work fewer hours has reduced, though the percentage of workforces who wanted to work more hours has increased (European Foundation, 2007). In comparison to developing countries where workforces have to work to the point of exhaustion and receive little paid, Germany has developed much better in working time regulations for their workforces. According to the researches, workforces are satisfied with their working hour and some of them even demand more working hour which it means work conditions in Germany did improve from 1991 to
But the process of getting these employees were satisfying to the managers but cruel to the employees themselves. In order for the managers, of the factories, to get their employees, the managers had to give to the head to the employee's family in what they called a earnest money, in which is an large amount of advanced money for the employee to work at their factories. To prove the loyalty of the employee by the family, the head of the family had to sign a contract saying that they accepted the earnest money and if there were any infringement the employee’s family had to pay more than the amount of the earnest money (Document E). In daily work life of a worker, the workers were roused from their bed at 4:05 A.M and sent to work at 6:15 A.M. during the workday the workers received 15 minutes for breakfast and lunch and a ten minute break during 3 P.M. Containing this life style was sometimes very tiring for the workers but also convenient for the working for it was a very healthy lifestyle for some (Document B). Some benefit of working at a factory were that whenever the workers wanted to be released it had to be in some excuse to be release such as getting married and family reasons. A 24 to 29 percentage of the workers getting release from their jobs were mostly due to illness or family reason and some were just release from their jobs in which is a benefit from working at these factories (Document D). Some other benefits of working in a factory was the experience according to a survey made in Japan in 1982, 90 percent of the women had said that their overall experience at working at a factory was very positive the other 10 percent said it was
How people worked, the nature of their interaction with society, was one of the fundamental changes brought on by the demands of the industrial revolution. Taking advantage of the benefits obtained by the division of labor and scale of production required that people work together in large groups. This new paradigm of working collectively under the factory system had no contemporary parallel – except for the working conditions of slaves who also labored in large groups. An examination of the lives of factory workers and slaves shows that there are many similarities between the way slaves were managed, and the management of industrial workers. The very nature of the administration of large groups required a similar organizational structure to effectively run a larger scale operation.
Krebs, T & Scheffel, M 2013, “Macroeconomic evaluation of labor market reform in Germany.” IMF Working Paper, Research Department. Viewed on 11th March 2014
As a frontline worker caring for people with developmental disabilities, I have noticed that great care is taken with the administration of clients’ medication in all of the agencies I have worked. These agencies strive to ensure that clients receive the proper medication and dosages on the right schedules, as failure of either of these can lead to death or some other negative health outcome for the client. There are harsh consequences for the staff responsible for such error, and, if such errors are rampant, it can lead to revocation of the agency’s license.
In the present 21st century, our whole economy is mainly depended upon technology advancements. However, from the end of the Civil War and into the early 1900s, the economy was industrializing at a rapid pace. As a result, the industrialization created a larger need for a larger workforce. Even though the working conditions did change, it often caused hardships for workers as a result. Because of the hardships of the workers, the government and several trade union stepped in attempting to solve many problems such as the low wages, the infamous child labor, and the unsafe working conditions through the passing of laws.
Economic changes in the nineteenth century increased the number of European industrial workers dramatically and transformed the conditions where they lived and worked. The Industrial Revolution brought advances in machinery, economics, and technology. What some may not know was that the conditions that workers faced led to many arguments on how to improve their insalubrious living conditions, poor working conditions, and long hours of very low pay.
The 1800’s, when people were moving from the countryside to the city. Now, families were in search of new jobs, but machines created a new problem because they were replacing people’s jobs. Owners of businesses and lands noticed the issue and realized that families needed more income in the household, so they were going to need every member in the family to work, including the young ones. Children were taken advantage of because they didn't have much power; therefore, we think industrial work was perilous for working-class children due to the lack of attention that was given towards the safety of the children. Also, the fact that children could die under the conditions they were put under, was not taken into consideration.
In many parts of the world, labor violations are still present. Workers are forced to work in dangerous and unsafe places under harsh conditions. They work for long hours, yet receive little pay. Employees are not guaranteed protection or rights. Many
Organizations’ other resources can be hired, retained and discarded at any time but human resources needs special treatment. It needs to be carefully hired, deserve an extra effort to retain it and requires training & development to upgrade and improve its capabilities. Other resources depreciate with the passage of time but when the human resource gains more and more experience, it becomes more beneficial for the organizations. These characteristics have brought human resources to be the central element for the success of an organization. (Mohammed, Bhatti, Jariko, and Zehri, 2013, pg. 129, para. 2)
When the U.S. is compared to the conditions of other workers in other countries the numbers come as quite a shock. According to the magazine Psychology Today, “The United States—one of the richest countries in the world--ranks 28th among advanced nations in the category of work-life balance, 9th from the bottom” (Cummins 1). This stressful imbalance of home life with excessive work hours has left us in desperate need of more time and is becoming a strong identifier of American culture in the world. As Cummins explains, “We log long hours at work with the fear of losing our jobs through downsizing hanging over our heads. Then we fight rush hour traffic to get home in time to be super-parents, putting dinner on the table, helping our kids with their homework, and checking in with friends and family members we feel we have neglected because we are so overwhelmed” (Cummins 1). This well pa...
The comparison between working conditions in the United States against
Introduction Canadian health and safety legislation requires companies and organizations to make a commitment towards occupational health and safety. Maintaining a safe workplace environment has numerous benefits. A safe work environment can boost employee morale, increase productivity, and improve job satisfaction. For companies and organizations, these benefits can lead to less turnover and increased employee retention. They can also reduce absenteeism while improving the culture and image of a company or organization.
The importance of Human Resource management is associated with the beginning of mankind. As the knowledge of survival had begun including safety, health, hunting and gathering, tribal leaders passed on the knowledge to their youth. However more advanced HRM functions were developed as early as 1000 B.C and 2000 B.C. Since the modern management theory took over, the working environment was transformed into a more friendly and safe work place. The workers were termed as most valuable resources. While some companies took the human side of employment seriously, there were others who did not find it mandatory. Hence they faced huge labor unions and factory shut downs (Henning, 2001).
This part describes briefly some of the key features of the basic concepts that make up Occupational Health. It discusses the rationale as well as the aims and goals for which Occupational Health was set up. It further examines the effects of Occupational Health on both the employer and the employee. The need for occupation health was also explained.
Human Resource Management (HRM) is fundamentally another name for personnel management. It is the process of making sure the employees are as creative as they can be. HRM is a way of grouping the range of activities associated with managing people that are variously categorised under employee relations, industrial/labour relations, personnel management and organisational behaviour. Many academic departments where research and teaching in all these areas take place have adopted the title department of human resources management. HRM is a coordinated approach to managing people that seeks to integrate the various personnel activates so that they are compatible with each other. Therefore the key areas of employee resourcing, employee development, employee reward and employee involvement are considered to be interrelated. Policy-making and procedures in one of these areas will have an impact on other areas, therefore human resources management is an approach that takes a holistic view and considers how various areas can be integrated.