The 20th century was not only a period of technological improvements but a period of social reform that has changed the standard of living. Throughout the mid 20th Century, the Civil Rights Movement took place that fought for African American equality in society but during this time, women were also denied equal access to federal programs such as education or sports because it was considered inappropriate. Rather than accept woman equality, many men fought in support of gender discrimination that continued to restrict women for participating in activities or applying themselves after high school. With gender discrimination being an issue in higher education and in employment salary, many women faced these problems and were unable to fight against …show more content…
them. After the case with Bunny Sandler and with the support of Representative Edith Green along with other congress representatives, they composed Title IX and in 1972, President Richard Nixon signed it into law. This was not only a major turning point for women equality but it paved the future for women to advance in their careers and not only think or be taught how to be a good stay at home wife. Considering the major impact Title IX had on public education and towards federal funded programs, people still sought a way to avoid accepting women or allowing them to participate in male sports. This was considered a major problem Education during the early 20th century was based on a “Dick and Jane” system that restricted access to vocational programs based on gender. Vocational programs such as college preparation or auto mechanics encouraged boys to pursue a career after their education compared to girls who were denied those classes and instead taught home economics or low level clerical jobs that taught females how to be good stay at home wives and mothers. Rather than teaching girls how to succeed in certain careers, from kindergarten to end of their high school years, all they were taught and expected in their future were to be at home cooking meals for their husbands. Another impact was that the materials taught in education were mostly written by males instead of females. Rather than support women equality, this supported gender discrimination and continued to limit the capabilities of women. Not only did this affect education during this period it also affected their chances in the real world. Many women who graduated high school and applied to post secondary institutions or ivy leagues were also denied access based on their sexual gender. Quotas were placed that limited their entrance where men sought after a B.S. or B.A. compared to women who went after a MRS (Sadker 268). Not only were women denied equal access in education or employment opportunities but also in physical activities such as sports.
Through the early 20th century, females also faced gender discrimination in sports such as football, wrestling or any sports because it was still considered inappropriate for females to participate in male sports. As gender discrimination began to grow, the gap between male and female equality also grew as well. Rather than have women be coaches, males were given this position to teach women physical activity whereas those who had a coaching position were paid significantly less than their male counterpart. Sports becoming a cultural icon, many people thought that including females into this sport would ruin the game and would go against what the nation stood for. Sports such as football, cross country, wrestling, or even basketball restricted females as males played outdoors and women were playing indoors with less equipment and funding so that their chances of joining in sports were either slim or nothing. Other than these sports, the physical activities that women were given was rope climbing or physical activities that was less strenuous on the female body. Before the passing of Title IX, not only did this impact education and sports but it impacted other areas such as employment opportunities, financial assistance, access to materials, facilities, and access to health (Hanson et al
41). In the late 1960s, Bunny Sandler applied for a position at the University of Maryland and was denied access not only because she wasn’t qualified but because she was a female and should be at home rather than be working. In 1970, not only did this upset Bunny Sandler but also frustrated Representative Edith Green who decided to work with Bunny Sandler and other representatives that drafted Title IX. After Title IX was drafted, with the help of Senator Birch Bayh of Indiana, he introduced this bill to congress and through congressional meetings with the support of women testimonies who were subject to gender discrimination, two years later President Richard Nixon had sign Title IX into law. Not only was this a major turning point for women rights but also paved a new future for women and other genders alike.
After the success of antislavery movement in the early nineteenth century, activist women in the United States took another step toward claiming themselves a voice in politics. They were known as the suffragists. It took those women a lot of efforts and some decades to seek for the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. In her essay “The Next Generation of Suffragists: Harriot Stanton Blatch and Grassroots Politics,” Ellen Carol Dubois notes some hardships American suffragists faced in order to achieve the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. Along with that essay, the film Iron-Jawed Angels somehow helps to paint a vivid image of the obstacles in the fight for women’s suffrage. In the essay “Gender at Work: The Sexual Division of Labor during World War II,” Ruth Milkman highlights the segregation between men and women at works during wartime some decades after the success of women suffrage movement. Similarly, women in the Glamour Girls of 1943 were segregated by men that they could only do the jobs temporarily and would not able to go back to work once the war over. In other words, many American women did help to claim themselves a voice by voting and giving hands in World War II but they were not fully great enough to change the public eyes about women.
towards African Americans are presented in number of works of scholars from all types of divers
In the 1920's women's roles were soon starting to change. After World War One it was called the "Jazz Age", known for new music and dancing styles. It was also known as the "Golden Twenties" or "Roaring Twenties" and everyone seemed to have money. Both single and married women we earning higher- paying jobs. Women were much more than just staying home with their kids and doing house work. They become independent both financially and literally. Women also earned the right to vote in 1920 after the Nineteenth Amendment was adopted. They worked hard for the same or greater equality as men and while all this was going on they also brought out a new style known as the flapper. All this brought them much much closer to their goal.
In the early 1900’s, women who were married main jobs were to care for her family, manage their houses, and do housework. That is where the word housewife was come from. During the 1940's, women's roles and expectations in society were changing quickly and a lot. Before, women had very limited say in society. Since unemployment was so high during the Great Depression, most people were against women working because they saw it as women taking jobs from men that needed to work. Women were often stereotyped to stay home, have babies, and to be a good wife and mother. Advertisements often targeted women, showing them in the kitchen, talking with children, serving dinner, cleaning, and them with the joy of a clean house or the latest kitchen appliance.
When the American people think of women in sports, they think of ice skating, field hockey, and diving. People don’t recognize that women have the potential to play any sport that a man can play, with equal skill, if not better. Much has changed for women since the 1970’s. One of the most important events that have happened in the world of female athletics is the establishment of professional athletics for women. Educational Amendments of 1972.
also managed to prove that they could do the jobs just as well as men
19th-Century Women Works Cited Missing Women in the nineteenth century, for the most part, had to follow the common role presented to them by society. This role can be summed up by what historians call the “cult of domesticity”. The McGuffey Readers does a successful job at illustrating the women’s role in society. Women that took part in the overland trail, as described in “Women’s Diaries of the Westward Journey” had to try to follow these roles while facing many challenges that made it very difficult to do so. One of the most common expectations for women is that they are responsible for doing the chore of cleaning, whether it is cleaning the house, doing the laundry.
As we look around at our women in today’s era, we might ask how did she become so independent, successful, and confidant? Even when I look at my own my mom, she was hired as the first woman to work as a manager at a fortune 500 business, and then created her own business. As well as my friends’ mom, who also has her own business in psychology; accomplishments like these must have originated from somewhere. The answer lies in the 1920’s. A couple years earlier, World War I was waging havoc, killing many men, while allowing women more freedom. The effects of World War I gave birth to the new women, also known as the Flappers, and inspiration for the 19th amendment. The flappers stirred up traditions and launched a new way of living. It soon became very apparent that the new women of the 1920’s helped redefine the social norms of society.
Gender in sports has been a controversial issue ever since sports were invented. In the early years, sports were played only by the men, and the women were to sit on the sidelines and watch. This was another area of life exemplifying the sexism of people in which women were not allowed to do something that men could. However, over the last century in particular, things have begun to change.
During the 1800s, society believed there to be a defined difference in character among men and women. Women were viewed simply as passive wives and mothers, while men were viewed as individuals with many different roles and opportunities. For women, education was not expected past a certain point, and those who pushed the limits were looked down on for their ambition. Marriage was an absolute necessity, and a career that surpassed any duties as housewife was practically unheard of. Jane Austen, a female author of the time, lived and wrote within this particular period. Many of her novels centered around women, such as Elizabeth Bennet of Pride and Prejudice, who were able to live independent lives while bravely defying the rules of society. The roles expected of women in the nineteenth century can be portrayed clearly by Jane Austen's female characters of Pride and Prejudice.
Women of the 1920's Women during the 1920's lifestyle, fashion, and morals were very different than women before the 1920's. Flappers became the new big thing after the 19th amendment was passed. Women's morals were loosened, clothing and haircuts got shorter, and fashion had a huge role in these young women. Women before the 1920's were very different from the women of the Roarin' 20's. Gwen Hoerr Jordan stated that the ladies before the 1920's wore dresses that covered up most of their skin, had pinned up long hair, were very modest, had chaperones and had men make all of their decisions (1).
Sports is a powerful force in society today. People of all ages and both sexes watch and participate in different sports in increasing numbers. Equal opportunity to participate in sports seems like a right that is natural and would be a common sense issue, but unfortunately this has not always been the case. In 1972 Congress enacted the Education Amendments of 1972, this contains Title IX which was intended to ensure that discrimination based on sex was eliminated. The area that this has had the most contentious impact is sports. Has Title IX increased women's opportunities to participate in sports during college equitably and fairly? Title IX has increased opportunities for women to participate in college sports programs with minimal impact on men's sports programs.
The 20th century brought a tidal wave of tolerance and equal rights for a diverse variety of people in the United States. When the century opened, women did not have an equal position with their male counter parts either in the public or private sectors of society. Women first received their right to vote with the passage of the 19th amendment in 1920, and the beginnings of an equal footing in the workplace during the obligatory utilization of American women as factory employees during the Second World War. Similarly, African Americans spent the 1950's and 60's fighting for their own basic civil rights that had been denied them, such as going to the school or restaurant of their choice. Or something as simple and unpretentious as where they were allowed to sit on a bus. However, by the end of the 20th Century, women, blacks, and other minorities could be found in the highest echelons of American Society. From the corporate offices of IBM, to the U.S. Supreme Court bench, an obvious ideological revolution bringing ...
Gender inequality in the United States is a serious problem, and it is often overlooked. It is a big issue, especially within sports. We live in a society where our culture prefers men 's sports over women 's. Labeling activities as feminine and masculine is a social construction based on stereotyped expectations regarding gender and perceived gender differences (McCullick, 2012). In 1972 Title IX was passed stating that, no person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. This opened up athletics to women and girls (Education Amendment Act of 1972, 1972). Although
The standard 21 year old adults have exchanged 250 thousand emails, spent 5 thousand hours video gaming and 10 thousand hours using their mobile devices (Lei, 2009). When people hear the word technology, they think of microwaves, televisions, cars, NASA, different types and transportation and more. For all that, technology has occurred long ahead these discoveries. Technology is an arguable matter amongst people. .In the old days, people lived an extremely simple life without technology. They used candles to light their houses and lanterns at the dark to travel, they used fire to cook and used newspapers and mail to share news. On the other hand, technology has seized an important place in our society. People are living in a stage of progressive technology. They are using all natural reserves applicable for making their lives better and easier. The society cannot picture life without electricity since it allows them to live through their everyday life. This paper argues that technology positively impacts people’s lives.