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Industrialization and urbanization relationship
Benefits and problems associated with urbanization
An essay on urbanisation
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Urbanisation is the process which has led to an increasing proportion of a country's population living within urban areas. It is impossible to say exactly when the process began, but in Britain it was around the time of the industrial revolution. Many people moved from rural to urban areas in search of regular employment. The MEDC's around the world are all urbanised now, with annual growth rates of urbanisation still increasing, but sustainably. LEDC's however are still rapidly urbanising. In this essay I am going to look at all the factors that cause urbanisation and evaluate why it is occurring.
The economic reasons behind urbanisation are mainly decided by industry. Industry is generally located in urban areas. Any industry needs to be close to other businesses to trade information and goods. Also any industry has a need for a very large workforce, which is provided for by the large population of the area. The industrial revolution played a major part in urbanisation of MEDC's. Employment was provided for thousands and the revolution provided a starting block for industry. Because industry started in urban areas it is much easier for other industries to set up in urban areas. It provides them with an advantage of being located near many other industries and services that are necessary.
In LEDC's the economic reasons do include small industry and businesses but also the need for food and water. Urban areas provide many more services than rural areas and if the people of LEDC's could find work they would be able to buy food and water. In rural areas they would either have to produce their own food or have to travel quite a significant distance to get what they need. People begin to grow tired of living in poverty and sla...
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...izes of cities increasing due to more and more people migrating from rural areas. LEDC's will continue to build their industry and cities with little or no consideration for the natural environment. I can see the trend of counter urbanisation continuing in MEDC's. The urban areas in MEDC's are becoming larger and more crowded. As the congestion and pollution increases in cities people will feel that a rural lifestyle is more relaxed. Despite the extortionate prices of housing in urban areas I can see the prices of rural housing increasing due to the counter urbanisation trend. I think that in the future a spacious country house will be considered far more fashionable than a cramped city flat. Unfortunately if this process goes out of control it could mean damage to the environment due to the damage caused by people from urban areas used to a different lifestlye.
Although restricting new constructions might seem relevant, it imposes costs to the society at large. Stopping housing constructions in attractive areas increase the housing prices. The federal housing policy decreases the home mortgage interest rate, which encourages people to own houses in the suburbs. This results in higher carbon emissions. However, this could be lower through carbon tax. Human face-to-face interaction is critical. New technological advancements increase productivity. Overall, the sustaining gift of the cities reflects the social nature of humanity (p.
* Urban Professional^s recognition of the increased variability, robustness, and interest in both the urban area and their work. * Conservation Activist^s commendation of the lower consumption of resources, and reduced pressure on sensitive environment areas, suggestive of a reduction in urban sprawl. * The Development Industry^s equations of profit established through better and higher levels of land use. Essentially urban consolidation proposes an increase of either population or dwellings in an existing defined urban area (Roseth,1991). Furthermore, the suburban village seeks to establish this intensification within a more specific agenda, in which community is to be centred by public transport nodes, and housing choice is to be widened with increased diversity of housing type (Jackson,1998).
Again, this section will give a working definition of the “urban question’. To fully compare the political economy and ecological perspectives a description of the “urban question” allows the reader to better understand the divergent schools of thought. For Social Science scholars, from a variety of disciplines, the “urban question” asks how space and the urban or city are related (The City Reader, 2009). The perspective that guides the ecological and the social spatial-dialect schools of thought asks the “urban question” in separate distinct terminology. Respected scholars from the ecological mode of thinking, like Burgess, Wirth and others view society and space from the rationale that geographical scope determines society (The City Reader, 2009). The “urban question” that results from the ecological paradigm sees the relationship between the city (space) as influencing the behaviors of individuals or society in the city. On the other hand...
Indeed, many global cities face compelling urban planning issues like urban sprawl, population, low density development, overuse of non-renewable natural recourses, social inequities and environmental degradation. These issues affect the cities themselves, the adjacent regions and often even globally. The resulting ecological footprint upsets the balance in adjacent rural and natural areas. Unplanned or organic development leads to urban sprawl, traffic problems, pollution and slums (as evident in the case of Mumbai city). Such unplanned development causes solid waste management and water supply to fall inadequate. Urban sprawl gives rise to low density development and car dependent communities, consequently leading to increased urban flooding, low energy efficiency, longer travel time and destruction of croplands, forests and open spaces for development.
The Negative Effects of Urbanization on People and their Environment As our world becomes increasingly globalized, numerous people travel to urban areas in search of economic prosperity. As a consequence of this, cities in periphery countries expand at rates of 4 to 7 percent annually. Many cities offer entrepreneurs the potential for resources, labor, and resources. With prosperity, cities also allow the freedom of a diversity of ways of life and manners (Knox & Marston, 2012). However, in the quest to be prosperous, increasing burdens are placed on our health and the condition of our environment.
Urbanization is the movement from a rural society to an urban society, and involves a growth in the number of people in urban areas. Urban growth is increasing in both the developed but mostly in the developing countries. Urbanization is associated with the problems of unemployment, poverty, bad health, poor cleanliness, urban slums environmental deprivation. This causes a very big problem for these developing countries and who are some of poorest countries. Africa urbanization is not as big as most developing countries but is on the rise for it outbursts in city growth lately. (Saundry, 2008).
As countries pursue development and industrialization the need to build urban areas become certain. The lack of urban cities will cause people in the rural areas wants to move to the urban areas. Every person wants a standard of living better than where is he now. Therefore the drive to migrate to urban areas becomes obvious. Rural to urban migration leads to a loss of man power in the rural areas to work on the farm lands. It will lead to the declining of agriculture. It also leads to congestion in the urban areas therefore unemployment level will raise because people would fight over limited jobs. Poor housing situation will also increase because people from the rural areas choose to stay in an area near their jobs or livelihood because they can save a lot of money instead of using it for transportation. Informal settlers can cause a dispute with the government regarding with their place. The crime level will also increase it is because people who are desperate to earn money or wanted an easy way to earn money without hard work they choose the path of evil which can be destructive to people’s life and can affect the development of an area.
Many villagers and small town dwellers want a living in big cities. With some expectations, they make a movement from villages to big cities. This migration from rural areas to big cities is called urbanization.
A general situation of urbanization trend in developing countries and developed countries is increasing. In 18th Century only 3% of the world total population lived in urban areas but as projected in 2000 this number will increase at above 50% (UN as cited in Elliot, 1999, p. 144). According to UN (as cited in Elliot, 1999, p.144), it is figured that the total urban population in developing countries has increased from approximately 400 millions people in 1950 to approximately 2000 millions people in 2000. At the same time, total urban population in developed countries is double...
Urbanization occurs naturally from individual and corporate efforts to cut time and cost in commuting and transportation while improving opportunities for jobs, education, housing, and transportation. Living in cities allows individuals and families to take advantage of the opportunities of proximity, diversity, and marketplace competition. People began moving into cities to seek economic opportunities.
The percentage of urban population in India which was only 17 percentage of the total population in 1951 is expected to jump to around 42.5 per cent of the total population by 2025. All this will happen because large numbers of people will leave rural areas for urban areas in search of better opportunities. In the last 50 years the rural population has decreased from 82.0 to 68.9 per cent. In India, people from villages migrate to cities for various reasons. These reasons can be economic, social or environmental. If people move to urban areas in a bid to earn their livelihood or boost their income or enhance their career opportunities, those reasons can be classified as economic. Similarly, if people migrate to escape the aftermath of natural
Our environment is harmed drastically with the coming of this rapid urbanization. There is an estimated 18 million acres of forestland that is lost every year due to rapid changes in our environment caused by Urbanization. Not only are we causing large amounts of deforestation, but also the consumption in these metropolitan cities are very high, and in some cases too high for the population to continue growing which is an example of china’s one (now two) child
The advantage of life in an Urban city is more jobs, convenient travel to facilities example hospital, clinics and entertainment. Urban cities have a vast growth in the economy, closer to higher education, inner city transportation, social assimilation, culturalism, and diversity among the urban population. Growing industrialization for watercrafts, steel, oil, and textile. Rural Farmers and agricultural business bring the products to Urban cities to sell their product to larger companies, in turn, Urban cities and boost the economy
We all know the urbanization rate is an index to value the development of a country. However, though urbanization provides great convenience to some individuals, it also brings about negative effects. Problems such as pollution, overcrowded and the high unemployment appear during the process of urbanization and they are hard to cope with. In face of the sequence of problems, a new way of development ----sustainable development was put forward. Just like its literal meaning, the word sustainability has something to do with continuity. It was used since 1980s and first appeared in Britain law in 1993. Sustainable development can help solve parts of the problem caused by urbanization, including environmental damage, overuse of resources, and natural disasters.
Urbanization in developed countries in the West differs between the periods of before and after the Industrial Revolution. Before the revolution, the pre-capitalism cities were the center for government power and commercial activities. They emphasized communal living. However, together with the appearance of the Industrial Revolution and capitalism, cities experienced sudden increase of population. And, that increase caused socioeconomic change that the importance of communal living diminished and relationships became capitalistic. The traditional relationship between people changed to impersonal and instrumental social relationship.