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Political relations between Athens and Sparta
Importance of spartan education
Rise and fall of sparta
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Around 5th century BCE Sparta started to dominate the eastern Mediterranean. Sparta was never really big, but they were strong because of their perfect battle formation called a phalanx. In order for he phalanx to work, intensive training and education was required. However, did the intensive training and education outweigh the weaknesses? The strengths of their training and education did not outweigh the weaknesses because the Spartans trained their people too harshly, many forms of education were banned, and the Spartans mistreated the Helots. These flaws in the Spartan system could’ve caused uprisings and rebellion The main reason why the strengths of Spartan education did not outweigh the weaknesses is because the Spartans trained their people too harshly. “A [Spartan] father had no right to decide whether to rear his newly born son or not. He was obliged to take the baby to the elders of his tribe for inspection. If they were satisfied that he was strong and healthy, they gave it back to the father …show more content…
The Helots were a group of people the Spartans conquered on its way to ruling the Peloponnese. The Helots are not slaves, but they weren’t free either. They lived just outside the city limits, so they were a potential enemy from within. Mistreating the Helots could’ve caused uprisings and rebellions against the Spartan rulers. “The Spartans were under terrific pressure, fighting Athens, and at the same time, looking over its shoulder at a restless Helot population at home”(BE). “At intervals, the magistrates would send out [the krypteia], the most sensible of the young Spartiates into various parts of the country.” They were to slaughter any Helots they caught (Doc C). In addition, the Spartans had no need to make money, because the Helots tilled the soil for them (Doc D). Lastly, the Spartans were required to give half of what they grew to their Spartan masters
Helots were the original residents of the Laconian plain, the term Helots often means ‘prisoner of war’ and that is a good representation of what the Helots were, prisoners or slaves. Owned as property of the state they were assigned land that was owned by individual Spartans, they worked, lived on and made profit from the agricultural products derived from the land though a half of any harvest was directly given to the landowner. The helots produced all the food for the population of Sparta and worked incessantly to maintain the spartiate’s lifestyles, Tyrtaeus compared the helots to ‘Asses exhausted under great loads: Under painful necessity to bring their masters full half the fruit their ploughed land produced’. The tasks of the helots were generally agricultural though, when the Spartans w...
A second reason that the strengths of Sparta didn’t outweigh the weaknesses is that the Spartans barely knew anything about other topics. My evidence is that the text states that the Spartans were only taught the basics of other topics and taught only about war for 13 years (Doc A and B). My argument is that this evidence helps explain why the strengths of Spartan education didn’t outweigh the weaknesses because Spartans were only really taught about war. This meant that the Spartans were really dumb at other topics. Also, this meant they could barely communicate with people and/or calculate
In early Sparta, slaves typically came in the form of servants called helots. In discussing the concept of helots, the novel mentions that they were “…the serf class that the Lakedaemonians had created from the inhabitants of Messenia and Helos after they in centuries past had conquered and enslaved them.” (Pressfield, 12). While the male citizens of Sparta trained for war and went off to war to protect their city-state, the helots were left to tend the fields and produce food for the Spartans. All descendants of the former inhabitants of Messenia and Helos were automatically born into life as a helot; in addition, people born in other lands who later chose – or, in the case of Xeones, were forced – to migrate into Sparta were also considered helots. These helots of foreign-birth, who were certainly not eligible for citizenship, were often feared to be informants among their fellow helots. Helots were all expected to contribute equally to the labor and tillage of the soil, and fellow helots ensured a difficult life for those who did not. During Xeones’ time as a helot slave, both of these helot ‘issues’ are realized. Due to extensive injuries from having nails sent through his hands in his past, Xeones was relatively incapable of performing farm tasks. Being unable to work in the fields, along with his foreign origin, made for a rough life for Xeones. He was disliked by most of the
The social structure of Sparta consisted of the Helots, Perioikoi and Spartiates. Enslaved in the wars of Messenia were the Helots, considered as the property of the state, and released on rare occasion as Neodamodeis ’new citizens’. Tyrtaeus’ compares the enslaved Helots to ’donkeys worn down by heavy loads’, a downtrodden minority group with no great power. However, Thucydides accounts for their de-facto influence in Spartan administration, with ’most of their decisions with a view to precautions against the Helots. Finley supports this assessment, identifying certain advantages Helots held over other slave groups in this era. The basic rights of the Helots included the right to their own possessions; the ability to retain a percentage of their crop; and ’in general, all the normal human institutions except their freedom’. Rights afforded may have been in response to fears of a Helot uprising, as their obedience was paramount to a functional Spartan society, and vastly outnumbered the Spartan
The one thing we know for certain about Spartan society is that we don’t know much about it. Very few documents and artifacts about the Spartans have been discovered, but the ones that have tell us everything we know. Two of these works are Plutarch’s On Sparta and Xenophon’s Spartan Society. One of the main things these two accounts focused on was the Lycurgan reforms. Through their stories and writings Plutarch and Xenophon had both some similarities and differences when talking about the political, economic, militaristic, and social reforms. One of the main differences when comparing these two writings is how Plutarch gives a historical account of Spartan society and tries to keep objectivity
Talbert, Richard, The Role of the Helots in the Class Struggle at Sparta, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte , Bd. 38, H. 1,1st Qtr., 1989.
Sparta was a key city state which was located on the Peloponnesian Peninsula in southern Greek, which today is referred to as Laconia. Sparta is historically known for their strong military training, warfare tactics, and numerous victories. This city state included full citizens known as the Spartans, the helots, and the Perioeci. The men of Sparta had a main obligation to become strong warriors, fight with their brothers, and protect against any invasions or attacks. The helots where owned by city state of Sparta. They came from Messenia and were forced into slavery after being invaded by the Spartans in c.735. The helot’s responsibilities included farming, being of help if needed during battles, used as nurses, and for any other task that need to be accomplished. Unlike many traditional slaves, the Messenia’s were given certain leeway. They had
The Spartans did not heed Archidamus’ warning that “unless we can either beat them at sea, or deprive them of the revenues which feed their navy, we shall meet with little but disaster.”8 From the beginning, Sparta should have developed an alternative course of action, a branch plan in modern American military terms, to execute if the invasion of Attica did not quickly end the war. There was little time for Sparta to build or develop a naval force to match Athenian naval power, but an alternative plan to erode away the Athenian empire, similar to the one employed by Brasidas in 424 BC, was possible much earlier in the war and could have eroded Athenian financial support from their empire. For as Thucydides tells us, “the strength of Athens being derived from the money brought in by their [allies] payments.”9 Conditions were present for Sparta to reduce the Athenian empire as many Greeks wanted or feared losing their independence from the Athenian empire.10 While not excusing Sparta’s initial failure as described above, it is understandable, based on the conservative Spartan culture, why they did not develop an alternative course of action for defeating
Sparta was a strict military city-state. The people were Dorians who conquered Laconia. This region lies in the Peloponnesus, which lied in southern Greece. The invaders turned the conquered people into state owned slaves, called helots. Since the helots greatly outnumbered their rulers, Spartans established a strict and brutal system of control.
In Classical Sparta, the agoge, was a successful education method as it bred discipline and fear into the future homoioi. Fear benefited the Spartan polis due to the fact that it created unquestionable obedience to authority. Plutarch expressed how that, ‘Where there is fear, there is also a sense of respect’ (Plutarch, Cleomenes). At the age of seven, the young Spartans started their agoge training, a paidonomos was placed in consistent supervision of the boy and was able to punish them when they felt necessary (Webb, 2012). Furthermore, the paidonomos was assisted by a young man, aged around 18-20, called an eirenes. The eirenes carried a whip around with them, able to chastise students for any misbehaviour (Amos and Lang, 1979), this was effective as it further created more fear, which lead to a higher respect for those older than them.
It is amazing that the leaders of Athens would trust their citizens, albeit a select few, to make decisions and choices about their life style. It is also incredible to contemplate the discipline required to establish a military force when Sparta had no physical infrastructure to fortify their city-state. It is important to respect our past and learn from it. However, we also must recognize the limitations and not romanticize the past to the point we ignore its shortcomings and not forget that it took nearly 2000 years to abolish slavery. These ancient city-states neglected a large number of their people, and approved of slavery and the subjugation of women. As long as one class dominates and discriminates against another, as a world society, we still have work to do to ensure peace and basic freedoms for all of
To look at this epistemologically, there is an understanding that almost every aspect involved in this culture was derived for the good of the polis. This seemed to be a very proud and arrogant people. A city with no walls, and in almost certainty, only natural born were allowed to earn citizenship. To even be called a Spartan meant years of fighting, service and status. Tyrtaeus states this argument best in the last line of his work. “Thus a man should endeavor to reach this high place of courage with all his heart, and, so trying, never be backward in war.” These writings are great resources for Spartan’s war enhanced values and societal customs, but lack in evidence of governmental affairs and religion.
Farris, Dale. "Shutt, Timothy B.: A History of Ancient Sparta." Library Journal 15 May 2009: 45.
Because of the tranquil times, the civilization’s society had more time to focus on writing, math, astronomy, and artistic fields, as well as trade and metallurgy. Out of all the city-states of Greece, two excelled over all the rest, Sparta and Athens. Even though they were the most advanced and strong civilizations, they were bitter enemies. While Athens focused mainly on the people’s democracy and citizen rights, Sparta were ferocious and enslaved its original inhabitants, making them unable to leave and kept under a close eye to prevent insurgence (History of Greece:The Golden Age of Greece). Additionally, Sparta had strict and trained soldiers that underwent intense physical exercising and instruction.
Ancient Sparta has rough organization of social life. According to Brand, due to the fear, because of conquered Helots rebellions they were forced to reorganize their government rule in vector of militarism, which led to inevitable change of social life (n.d., p.3). Spartans were obsessed with military supremacy, this even lead to infanticide when "weak or punny” babes were killed. What was interesting about their medical examination