History of the Drama
Who’s Afraid of Virgina Woolf is famous absurd play written by Edward Albee. It was first performed on ocatobar in New York and it won the New York drama critics Circle award and the Tony Award for the season 1962-63 season. In American society it bought the major shakeup which was yet to be seen in the future. In the late 1960s economically as well as socially America was being homogenized through cold war, planned suburbs and fast food culture. Different voices like Albee came to the world in the late 1960s.
Auther Biography
Edward Albee is numbered among the most acclaimed and controversial playwrights of the United states. Albee was born on March12 , 1928. He was the adopted son of Frances Albee and Reed. In the early childhood he had an introduction to the theatre and even he bagan attending theatre performances.Albee attented many private and military schools and briefly enrolled at connecticuts Trinity college. After education he held a variety of jobs for some next decades. He worked as a writer for WNYC-radio, an office boy for an advertising agency and a record salesman too.Albee achieved only limited success so at the age of thirty He returned to writing plays and made an huge impact on society with his ona act THE ZOO STORY (1959). Albee launched his career after the success of THE ZOO STORY and after that he became more famous with his play WHO’S AFRAID OF VIRGINIA WOOLF?, A DELICATE BALANCE and THREE TALL WOMEN.
CONTEXT
Edward Albee’s drama who”s afraid of Virginia woolf? is not areal drama of absurd but still we can capture some elements of an absurd drama in it.The play is combination of a realistic as well as absurd drama. IT blends elements of taa...
... middle of paper ...
... express the senselessness of the human condition, abandons the use of rational devices and thought and the latter follows the tradition of the well-made play employing logically constructed reasoning and wholly consistent characters .
One of its aspects is satire; it criticizes the absurdity of lives lived unaware and unconscious of ultimate reality and the deadness and mechanical senselessness of half-conscious lives. Its goal is to make people aware of "man's precarious and mysterious position in the universe. It is not concerned with ideological considerations or heroic deeds but with a man’s "descent into the depths of his personality, his dreams, fantasies and nightmare .The Theatre of the Absurd is a theatre of situation asagainst a theatre of events in sequence. It does not employ psychology, subtlety of characterization and plot in the conventional sense.
Woolf’s pathos to begin the story paints a picture in readers minds of what the
Fears are an overwhelming aspect of our life from birth until old age. Whether we fear an object such as something lying underneath the bed, a certain figure such as Michael Myers, or an intangible idea such as the future or even death, fear always exists. In several cases, fear leads to a suppression of one’s self and the wonderful ideas that one’s minds may contain. For example, the cure to cancer could very well be trapped inside the mind of someone who has been constantly oppressed and taught to believe that they are not smart enough to get far in life. In “Professions for Women,” author Virginia Woolf persuades her audience, intellectual women, to overcome her insecurities in order to improve her life. To soundly achieve this purpose, Woolf utilizes rhetorical questions, an extended metaphor, and allusion.
There has always been women who have defied the social gender norms. Throughout the years outspoken women have used their platforms to communicate their points of view. Sontag first starts off by stating that Greeks value the beauty of a woman and that it is a virtue. Sontag continues to mention how Greeks distinguished a person 's inner beauty to their outer beauty. It is directly associated with how today 's society will perceive outer beauty more than the inner kind. History has taught us that women have struggled for centuries, and that their intelligence was always overshadowed by their appearance. This continues to happen in the present time, especially with all the superficial people telling others what is acceptable in regards to beauty. It is because of this that the writings of Sontag and Woolf are particularly informative. Both authors felt that women should have the opportunity to fulfill their full potential the same way as men have been able to.
The action the audience is forced to recognize in Six Characters is subtly broached in Chekhov's play. It is discussion, and it is real discussion. People are different, and people are unpredictable. Reality is tragically inane, and that is what the theatre shows best.
Clurman, Harold. "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?" Edward Albee: A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. C.W.E. Bigsby. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall 1975. 76-79
Virginia Woolf, in her novels, set out to portray the self and the limits associated with it. She wanted the reader to understand time and how the characters could be caught within it. She felt that time could be transcended, even if it was momentarily, by one becoming involved with their work, art, a place, or someone else. She felt that her works provided a change from the typical egotistical work of males during her time, she makes it clear that women do not posses this trait. Woolf did not believe that women could influence as men through ego, yet she did feel [and portray] that certain men do hold the characteristics of women, such as respect for others and the ability to understand many experiences. Virginia Woolf made many of her time realize that traditional literature was no longer good enough and valid. She caused many women to become interested in writing, and can be seen as greatly influential in literary history
The opening scene of To The Lighthouse between Mr Ramsay and Mrs Ramsay displays the gender division that flows throughout this passage highlighting Woolf’s own perspective on society and sexuality between genders. Woolf supports the belief in a complete change to society resulting in a non – hierarchical society. Woolf felt for this to happen aside from the practical changes, that a radical redefinition of sexuality was also needed. The novel focuses on sexual issues of the twentieth century central to feminist campaigns, such as marriage being a form of institutionalized slavery . She brings to attention one of Freud’s most well-known theory, the oedipal conflict. The author draws upon the story of Oedipus who kills his father and marries his mother. Freud states that the daughter demands the attention of the father and the son the attention of her father. In doing so this monopolizes the love the son has for the mother at the risk of jealousy from the father, due to the dominating attention the child wants from the mother. Similarly, this oedipal triangle is formed between James and his parents. Woolf gives reference to Freud and his views on male development and family dynamics by sharing his views on the unconscious whilst talking about them in her own way. She “absorbs many of Freud’s insights about male and female gender identity, yet at the same time infected them in a manner now known as feminist.” The dialogue between the Ramsay’s and James is seen by the reader to express feelings equating to sexual intensity in the way he loves his mother and hates his father, simply by his reaction to Mr Ramsay’s comment about the foul weather. His preference for his mother over his father is clear when he states she is “ten thousa...
From the beginning of modern civilization those in a society have tried their best to join the status quo. Everyone feels that they look and act the same as others around them as to reassure themselves that they are normal and that they will be accepted into society. This type of conformity is seen greatly throughout the play Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf in its main characters George, Martha, Nick and Honey. Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf shows how a typical family is supposed to look to the outside, prim and polished, but which secretly holds their own internal problems that eventually spill out for all to see, in turn forcing their supposed peace in conformity to become chaos in their reality.
Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Fun and Games – What are the games, and how much fun do people have? The play begins with George and Martha, who have just returned from a welcoming-party at the college. From the first moments of the play, the audience are made aware of the great differences between these two characters. Martha is said to be a “large, boisterous” woman, whereas George is referred to as a “thin” man, with hair that is going grey.
The play defies easy definition and various critics have labeled it variously as absurdist, existentialist, comical, burlesque, metaphorical or grim. The playwright on the other hand maintained that all through the creation of his work he strove to bring in the comic element and any tragedy that seems part of the play, may have crept in inadvertently and whenever it has been staged as a serious play, audience reaction to it has been cold.
George is an intelligent character and his education shoes when he speaks. His intelligence is displayed with his eloquent way of speaking.
Virginia Woolf’s novel Mrs. Dalloway details the life of Mrs. Dalloway – a fictional high class woman in post WW1 England. The novel epitomizes the beliefs and ideas of modernist literature. The themes of “horrors of war”, “fear of death” and “metafiction” are predominant themes shown through literary and rhetorical devices such as polysyndeton, anadiplosis, imagery, and metaphors.
Edward Albee burst onto the American theatrical scene in the late 1950s with a variety of plays that detailed the agonies and disillusionment of that decade and the transition from the calm Eisenhower to the turbulent 1960s. Albee became a serious dramatist dealing with serious but always relevant themes, primarily having to do with the predicament of humanity in a society with moral decay, as well as the conflict between reality and illusion. His work is considered to be unique, uncompromising, controversial, elliptical, and provocative.
The survival of theatre lies in the very nature of humankind: its inner voyeuristic drive. The desire to watch other people dealing with their conflicts and fates challenges as well as reinforces values and the morality of society. The theatre provides an exciting opportunity to watch stories and situations as if they were real life, showing us the truth of our nature.
William Shakespeare’s dramatic and poetic techniques and his use of hyperbole are used to describe the characters emotions and weaknesses. The use of dramatic irony is used to create personal conflict. This is done throughout the play to describe the characters concerns and their situations.