1. Who is responsible for policy implementation? (5 points)
Policy formulation and policy implementation is bridged by the formal enactment of legislation. Health policies without effective implementation are no more than pieces of paper and would not exert their intended influence on health and its determinants. Thus, legislators (though responsible for oversight function) depend to a large extent on implementing organizations to effectuate the intent of public laws. These implementing organizations are primarily the departments and agencies in the executive branch of government that are saddled with the most important responsibility of managing resources (human, financial and material). Examples of such implementing organizations are the
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This responsibility is actually mandated in the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946. Each committee of the Senate and House has specific oversight function for which they must adopt an oversight plan as required by law. Their oversight function is designed to ensure that implementing organizations comply with congressional decisions, improve the efficiency, effectiveness and economy of governments operations, assess the ability of implementing organizations and individuals to manage and accomplish implementation (including the investigation of alleged cases of inadequate management, waste, fraud, dishonesty or arbitrary actions) and ensure that implementation of policies reflect public interest. Techniques employed by the Congress to accomplish these oversight functions include: appropriation of funds for policy implementation, meeting with executive branch staffs who are involved in the implementation process and the use of oversight agencies including the Congressional Budget Office and the Government Accounting …show more content…
They must possess: policy competence which is the knowledge, skill and ability to successfully analyze the policymaking process to the point of accurately assessing its impact on their domain of interest and responsibility and exert influence on the process; conceptual competence to enable them envision the position and role of their organization within which they are situated, understand organizational cultures and visualize the future of their organization; technical competence which enables them to play the designer, strategic and leader roles effectively such as is possessed by the managers of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in developing and applying disease prevention and control, environmental health and health promotion and education activities designed to help in the pursuit of health and interpersonal/collaborative competence that helps them to incorporate knowledge and skills useful in interacting, motivating, communicating vision and preferences, handling negotiations and managing
As the oversight literature covers a broad expanse of topics in regards to it, it is best to start with one of the earliest articles on congressional oversight written in 1966. John Bibby in his observational study of Congress tries to find when a committee will engage in oversight and when they will shirk those duties and why? Bibby lays the groundwork for an analysis of congressional oversight specifically the features and degree of oversight activity. Bibby finds that these factors will determine Congresses engagement in oversight. The methods that Bibby uses are different than those that come later in the study of congressional oversight in that he does not use any type of model but uses observations
Bureaucratic agencies give information on the subject of the bill pressuring the congressional committees to listen to the interest groups and to pass the legislature.
The new city manager must have the ability to anticipate, think critically, interpret, decide and learn. An example of a strategic thinker would be if a major hurricane were to make land fall in the city. He or she would need to anticipate some of the possible concerns of the citizens might have during a major hurricane making land fall in the city. He or she must be able to think critically about how to get information out to citizens as quickly as possible, how to prevent major damage and ways to prevent possible deaths. He or she would need to interpret what is the possible affects of the amount of what that is forecasted during the hurricane. He or she would need to decide what actions must take place to keep the citizens of the city safe, out of harms way and most of informed. Most of all he or she would need to learn from others, such as other employees, local and federal governments as well as the
What is this specific policy or general policy area to be analyzed? Warne, D. (2007) states that there are many injustices within the “system” ,but Health Care Policy; which determines who gets health services, what those services are and how those services are delivered and Education Policy which determines who gets educational programs, what those programs are and how those programs are administered are among the highest needed policies that need attending to.
Policy in my perspective illustrates as a decision making, planning and or action taken to achieve a certain specific goal within our society. According to Longest B. (2010), his definition stated in his text book states that a policy is defined as ” authoritative decisions made in the legislative, executive, or judicial branches of government that are intended to direct or influence the actions, behaviors, or decisions of others.” In developing a policy, certain steps need to be taken in act to implement the policy. The crucial steps in implementing a policy are: recognizing the problem, agenda setting, formulating the policy, and finally implementing the policy (N.A., 2015).
I work in this field trying to understand more and more the underlying problems and not superficial situations. My role a few years ago as Manager in Nursing was to seek to overcome the conflicts generated in patient care or the administration of resources and to be able to lead a group of people with different points of view over the same issue. My position must be a policymaker. My commitment is to be a creator and driver of sustainable health policies and not only idealised ideas or projects.
There are many educational requirements for this field. Credentials include, human resources in healthcare administration, leadership and ethics in healthcare
According to McConell (2012), the difference in a leader and a follower determines the success of a person regarding leadership. This chapter helps explain the content of qualities and proficiency for healthcare managers to be effective. Once again, effective management skills or certain qualifications enhance a healthcare organization environment. Healthcare managers and supervisors must have the capacity to handle challenges while the organization objectives and regulations may change over a period of time. Effective healthcare management governs the success of a healthcare organization. There are many different skill sets and leadership styles to be effective as a manager. People are interested in knowing what strategies are effective in healthcare management.
There are an abundance of character traits and skills that Healthcare Administrators utilize throughout their career. Comprehension and reasoning are the two most prevalent. You need the ability to understand through written and spoken sentences. Since communicating with others is the majority of a day in the life of an administrator, it is
Because state and local public health programs are often funded at least in part with Federal dollars, accountability is often a key issue (“Ten Essential Public Health Services.” 2015). Public health programs therefore document progress towards positive change in health behavior or health status indicators (“Ten Essential Public Health Services.” 2015). Data such as these can be presented to policymakers to document the value or effectiveness of a program (“Ten Essential Public Health Services.” 2015). Those data can also be used for continued program planning and modification (“Ten Essential Public Health Services.” 2015). Policies have positive or negative influences on health. Examples of health policies include safety standards, which influence the incidence of injuries; tobacco regulations affect personal health; and safe city parks can affect the ability for people are active (California Department of Public Health “Strategic Plan”, 2013). It is a systematic process to utilize appropriate data, develop and track measurable health objectives, establish strategies and actions to guide the targeted improvements (California Department of Public Health “Strategic Plan”, 2013). The targeted strategies may be laws, codes, regulations and/or
Health care policy targets the organization, financing, and delivery of health care services. The reason for targeting these areas is for the licensing of health care professionals and facilities, to make sure there is protection of patients’ private health information, and there are measures of quality care, mistakes, malpractice, and efforts to control of health care cost (Acuff, 2010). There are several stages that one must take when creating a policy (see figure 1). The figure below shows the critical steps in the policy process. First, the problem must be identified, once the problem is identified potential policy solutions must be formulated, then the policy is adopted, and then implemented. After the policy is in place, an evaluation of the policy has to take place (This Nation, 2013).
People that are interested in this line of work like activities that include leading, making decisions, and business. They have integrity, have leadership qualities, are able to take initiative, and are dependable people that can handle a high stress level. I learned from my results that I am more of social person and the interest profile would recommend me doing something that helps people or being of service to people, which I feel that I am able to do in this profession. I also was ranked highly in enterprising which means that I like persuading and leading people which I think is a great asset as well for being able to run a major facility and work with many different people this seems like these would be essential traits for this position. Further research has lead me to find a few more ideal characteristics to have. One being able to communicate clearly and respectfully with patients, customers, industry leaders, and hospital workers. Second, leadership is important. A healthcare administrator needs to have the ability to create a shared vision for and inspire the entire work staff/team. You also have to have a good knowledge of healthcare. Someone that is able to stay on top of healthcare system policies, the latest innovations in healthcare technology, and the ever changing political landscape of the industry. (Healthcareadministration.com,
The power of knowledge gives a person the ability to influence other’s actions. In addition, when a person is knowledgeable and skillful in him/her profession, the rest of the team, including the leaders respected his/her decisions, actions or judgments. For example, nurses with years of expertise have the ability to exert power and authority over other staff with less level of knowledge. They may not be managers, but their leadership skills and outstanding competence made them role models in the delivery of quality patient care. They are valuable pieces inside the organization because they can guide the staff’s work toward the organization goals (Whitehead, Weiss, & Tappen,
1.How can health policies be used as regulatory or allocative tools? Health policy is the collection of complex principles, stated or unstated, that characterize the distribution of resources, services, and political influences that impact on the health of the population. However, Longest, 2002, states “health policies can also be used as allocative tools that is, they may involve the direct provisions of income, services, or goods to certain groups of individuals or institutions” (Shi & Singh, 2017). Regulatory tools for health departments are used to insurance companies for the protection of the customer.
1. The purpose of this response is to assert the active role of public managers in policy making. By using their technical, analytical and managerial skills public managers can be effective in the policy process and just in implementation.