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Information systems and computer systems
Information systems and computer systems
Information systems and computer systems
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DEFINATION
A management information system (MIS) is a system designed to collect, store and transmit data in the form of information needed to carry out the functions of management in an organization. MIS helps an organization to get information and manage their company efficiently. Management information system is different from other information systems. It is because they are used to analyze and facilitate strategic and operational activities. At the beginning, management information system (MIS) designed to support management decision making. Over time, the term expanded and includes many resources such as resource management and human resource management, supply chain management, customer relationship management and many more.
Management Information System (MIS) produces information products that support many decision making needs of managers, staff and business professionals. Reports, displays and responses produced by management information systems provide information that these decision makers have specified in advance as adequately meeting their information needs. Such predefined information products satisfy the information needs of decision makers at the operational and tactical levels of the organization who are faced with more structured types of decision situations. For example, sales managers rely heavily on sales analysis reports to evaluate differences in performance among salespeople who sell the same types of products to the same types of customers. They have a pretty good idea of the kinds of information about sales results (by product line, sales territory, customer, salesperson so on) that they need to manage sales performance effectively.
In addition, MIS is also used by managers and others decision maker fo...
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... meet their own needs. Marketing led the way and was followed by manufacturing and finance. The most current attention is focusing on the executive level and the human resources function.
An MIS consist of two types of information-producing subsystems. Report-writing software provides information in the form of periodic and special reports. Mathematical models provide information in the form of simulation results.
The MIS is an organizationwide commitment to a quality information resource. The MIS is especially valuable in identifying problems and helping managers to understand them so that they can be solved.
Reference
james a.o’brien & George m.marakas
Management information system (seventh edition) 2006
Raymond McLeod, JR. & George schell
Management information system (eight edition) 2001
Lucey, Terry & Thomson
Management Information Systems (2005).
Russell Ackoff’s article, Ackoff’s Management Misinformation Systems, relates five assumptions about information systems used to provide mass amounts of analyzed data to management to assist them in making adequate decisions (1967). Ackoff’s assumptions are that: “Management Needs More Information; Managers Need the Information They Want; Giving Managers The Information They Need Improves Their Decision Making; More Communication Means Better Performance;” and finally, “Managers Need Only to Understand How To Use an Information Systems” (1967). Although Ackoff wrote the article in 1967, he has pinpointed problems within organizations that still exist today, and organizations that do not evaluate their entire management information systems are likely not operating efficiently.
Management support systems have been playing a major role on increasing the productivity of dairy farms over the past few decades. There are many management support systems applied for various segments within the dairy industry to improve continuous decision making and problem solving abilities. This essay covers the analyzation of five different management support systems including evaluation of various theories and models used by each system.
Next, the management information systems are business functions like accounting and human resources, which moves information about people, products, and processes across the company which facilitates decision making and problem solving (Baltzan, p.14) Electronic communications such as Facebook and Twitter have provided many new tools to ...
Asemi observe that Management Information System (MIS) is one of the information systems that is computer based. Besides, Asemi defines MIS as “an organizational method of providing past, present and project information related to internal operations and external intelligences. It supports the planning, control and operation functions of an organization by furnishing uniform information in the proper time frame to assist the decision makers,” (2011). The aim of MIS is to satisfy the general information need of the entire manager in an organization. Before the advent of computers, the process of decision-making was one that was full of built-in advantages and ad hoc methods. Computers technologies have changed the landscape of the decision-making process completely by making the process less demanding and easy to undertake. The reason for this situation is that information technology has made access to information more automated, efficient, effective, timely, and less ambiguous. Consequently, the ordinary t...
Ackoff identifies five assumptions commonly made by designers of management information systems (MIS). With these assumptions, Ackoff argues that these assumptions are in most cases not justified cases, and often lead to major deficiencies in the resulting systems, i.e. "Management Misinformation Systems." To overcome these assumptions and the deficiencies which result from them, Ackoff recommends that management information system should be imbedded in a management control system.
In the business world today, technology is becoming an essential staple. Every big business relies on it one way or another. More importantly than just technology itself, the use of management information systems is what guides a company in terms of catering to its customers and knowing what moves to make next. Management information systems (MIS) can be defined is the study of people, technology, and organizations (What is MIS?). However, that is a very general definition because there is a lot more that comes out of the use of these MIS systems.
Faced with changing markets and higher competition, more and more firms are struggling to reestablish their dominance, keep market share, and in some cases, ensure their survival. Many have come to understand that the key to competitive success is to transform the way they function. They are reducing reliance on managerial authority, formal rules and procedures, and narrow divisions of work. In effect, companies are moving from the hierarchical and bureaucratic model of organization that has defined corporations since World War II to what can be called the task-driven organization where what has to be done governs who works with whom and who leads. But while senior managers understand the necessity of change to cope with new competitive realities, they often misunderstand what it takes to bring it about.
Change is constant in any industry, whether its personnel movement or technology advancement organizations are looking to get ahead. Many organizations restructure their business constantly and this may lead to more jobs or loss of jobs. In today’s society, being able to keep up with change is necessary. If a company fails and continues with old patterns and does not seek to get ahead, the company can fall behind, which may lead to detrimental effects within the organization. As stated by Ready (2013) “It is often necessary to make big changes in organizations.
The Information System is aimed to further assist the marketing departments in local and foreign regions. By looking at human activity in the organisation, we can develop a more successful approach to obtaining and analysing market research.
1a. Decision Support Systems generally provide support for disorganized decisions. DSS problems are often characterized by unfinished or questionable information, or the use of qualitative data. DSS includes modeling tools where different sequence of events can be modeled and compared. Investment decisions are an example of what might be supported by Decision Support Systems. Management Information Systems are generally more refined reporting systems built on existing transaction processing systems. MIS is often used to support structured decision making and will typically support tactical level management, but sometimes are used at other levels. Examples of structured decisions supported by Management Information Systems may include determining
Analysts aid executives in making strategic decisions by providing data gathered from operations. Organizations with business intelligence reporting capabilities rely on this data in order for their executives to make strategic decisions. This data is compiled into a specific template, which is referred to as a dashboard. Dashboards typically report key performance indicators that are relevant to the business. Avinash Kaushik argues that current dashboards utilized by organizations report data, but do not provide the information executives need to make the best decisions for the organization (2010). Kaushik also states that dashboards can be optimized by including components, and insights that influence decision makers to take action (2010).
Management information systems can be used as a support to managers to provide a competitive advantage. The system must support the goals of the organization. Most organizations are structured along functional lines, and the typical systems are identified as follows:
The transaction processing system will help it to compete in the same league with bigger retailers and chart its way for growth. Of great importance in any organization are the middle level managers because they are in touch with both the customers and management. This calls for the significance of a management information system. The MIS is important in processing information take up by the TPS as well as creation of reports which are important in enhancing managerial
Laudon C. & J. Laudon (2003: 5th edition) Essentials of Management Information Systems. London: Prentice Hall International Limited