Marasmus is a disease, which is a chronic state of inadequate intake of protein energy malnutrition. This consists of the wasting away of fat, muscle, and other tissues in the body. It mostly occurs in children 5 years old and under that live in high poverty areas. Symptoms can range from mild to severe. Chronic diarrhea will cause the victim to be extremely dehydrated which will make the victim feel fatigue and weakness. The victim can experience extreme discomfort and loss of consciousness from being so undernourished. More severe symptoms can cause the victim to have loss of skin tissue, have a delay in growth being under weight and under normal height. Paralysis of the legs will cause the victim to have a loss of muscle function or loss of any feeling in that area. Organ failure is also a symptom because the organs of the victim are not getting the proper vitamins and proteins that they need to work properly. Victims of marasmus are highly vulnerable to infections especially in the skin, mouth, and lungs.
Marasmus is most susceptible to infants and children under 5 years old, because at such a young age children require proper nutrition and energy to increase their growth. Children in low poverty and developing countries such as South America, Africa, and South Asia are the most susceptible. In these areas it is difficult to get the proper food and nutrients that children need because of the inability to afford food and the limited availability of sanitized clean water. There have been cases of Marasmus in the United States but it is very rare compared to the cases occurring in other countries. Marasmus can occur in adults but is rare and is more likely to occur in children because children are at a stage in the human life th...
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...r animals to use for protein.
In conclusions marasmus is a severe malnutrition disease occurring in children 5 years old and younger. This disease is the wasting away of fat, muscle, and skin tissue that can be deadly if not treated early enough. The child can suffer from growth issues including his or her weight and height, as well as having a lower IQ and some issues with normal behavior functions. More severe issues can result as paralysis of the legs, loss of bladder and bowel functions, a weakened immune system that can cause the child being more susceptible to infections, and organ failure. Marasmus can occur anywhere in the world where food is limited but it is most common in Africa, South America, and Asia. Living in these areas will increase the rates of death from marasmus. There is a lack of treatment available and not much knowledge about the disease.
Flaccid dysarthria results from damage to the lower motor neurons (LMN) or the peripheral nervous system (Hageman, 1997). The characteristics of flaccid dysarthria generally reflect damage to cranial nerves with motor speech functions (e.g., cranial nerves IX, X, XI and XII) (Seikel, King & Drumright, 2010). Lower motor neurons connect the central nervous system to the muscle fibers; from the brainstem to the cranial nerves with motor function, or from the anterior horns of grey matter to the spinal nerves (Murdoch, 1998). If there are lesions to spinal nerves and the cranial nerves with motor speech functions, it is indicative of a lower motor neuron lesion and flaccid dysarthria. Damage to lower motor neurons that supply the speech muscles is also known as bulbar palsy (Pena-Brooks & Hedge, 2007). Potential etiologies of flaccid dysarthria include spinal cord injury, cerebrovascular accidents, tumors or traumatic brain injury (Pena-Brooks & Hedge, 2007). Possible congenital etiologies of flaccid dysarthria include Moebius syndrome and cerebral palsy. Flaccid dysarthria can also arise from infections such as polio, herpes zoster, and secondary infections to AIDS (Pena-Brooks & Hedge, 2007). Additionally, demyelinating diseases such as Guilian-Barre syndrome and myotonic muscular dystrophy can also lead to flaccid dysarthria (Pena-Brookes & Hedge, 2007). The lower motor neuron lesion results in loss of voluntary muscle control, and an inability to maintain muscle tone. Fasciculations, or twitching movements, may occur if the cell body is involved in the lesion (Seikel et. al., 2010). The primary speech characteristics of flaccid dysarthria include imprecise consonant production, hypernasal resonance, breathiness, and harsh voice (...
Lou Gehrig's disease is often referred to as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), this is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. Motor neurons come from the brain to the spinal cord and from the spinal cord to the muscles throughout the entire body. The progressive degeneration of the motor neurons in ALS would eventually leads to their death. When the motor neurons die, the ability of the brain to initiate and control muscle movement is also lost. With voluntary muscle action progressively affected, for this reason patients in the later stages of the disease may become totally paralyzed (Choi, 1988).
"Hunger and Malnutrition." KidsHealth - the Web's Most Visited Site about Children's Health. Ed. Mary L. Gavin. The Nemours Foundation, 01 May 2012. Web. 12 May 2014.
In Oprah Winfrey's case luckily for her she might have been incredibly underweight but she had no traces of these diseases caused by malnutrition.
Chronic Wasting Disease is a highly transmissible, deadly neurodegenerative disease that affects cervids in North America (Belay et al., 2004; Saunders et al., 2012). There are only four types of cervid that are known to get this disease which include elk, mule deer, white-tailed deer, and moose (Chronic Wasting Disease Alliance). It has been classified has a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE), otherwise known as a prion disease (Belay et al., 2004). A prion is an irregular, pathogenic agent that causes abnormal folding of specific proteins called prion proteins. These proteins are mostly located in the brain (Chronic Wasting Disease Alliance). The abnormal folding of this protein causes neurodegenerative diseases in a variety of species including humans, sheep, cattle, and deer (Abrams et al., 2011).
A Deadly Disorder Kidney failure, heart problems, spleen dysfunction, bone and muscle loss, and finally death; these are only a couple of the deadly effects associated with anorexia and bulimia. As Mim Udovitch states, “About one in 200 American women suffers from anorexia; two or three in 100 suffer from bulimia.” (Udovitch 557) Through the combined works of Mim Udovitch and Lisa D. Galynker, the message was made clear and both sides of eating disorders were argued. In A Secret Society of the Starving, Udovitch keeps a tone of anti-pro-ana (against pro-anorexia) throughout the entire story. She repeatedly talks about pro-ana websites and how ridiculous and crazy they are.
Gaucher disease is an inherited, chronic, progressive genetic disorder. People diagnosed with Gaucher disease lack an enzyme known as glucocerebrosidase (Bennett, 2013). It is the most common condition within the lysosomal storage order diseases (Chen, 2008). Glucocerebrosidase helps break down glucocerebreside, a fatty substance stored or accumulated inside the lysosome (Enderlin, 2003). This causes the cells to become bloated and is visible under a microscope. It is estimated that about 1 in 40,000 to 60,000 have Gaucher disease or about 10,000 people worldwide (Hughes, 2013). In addition, Gaucher disease has a higher frequency among Jews of Ashkenazi (Eastern European) decent: up to 1 in 450 people.
Correspondingly, this sickness is spread and contracted by sexual, non-sexual, and perinatal contact. Through sexual contact, it goes to penis to vagina and or penis to rectum. Germs caused by NGU are reliable to be passed down during sex, vaginal or orally, which involves direct mucous membrane contact with an infected person. “T...
In the world of neurology, there are a vast amount of neurological disorders, conditions, and diseases. One severe disease is known as Multiple Sclerosis. In this research essay, I will be discussing what multiple sclerosis is, symptoms, causes, personal experience, and treatments.
(1) One third of a million Americans suffer from MS and a great percentage of those people are women. Women account for 73% of MS sufferers. (2) MS usually strikes young adults between the ages of 20 and 40 years old. (8) There are even some cases of MS being diagnosed in childhood.
The child may also suffer repeated infections, such as gastro-enteritis, due to poor hygiene. A child with marasmus is very underweight, with no body fat and wasted muscles. Kwashiorkor occurs when a child is weaned later than normal and receives starchy foods low in protein. In this disease, the child's abnormally low body weight is often masked by water retention, which makes the face moon-shaped and the belly swollen. Deficiency diseases are usually associated with lack of vitamins or minerals.
James Parkinson first discovered Parkinson's Disease in 1817. Parkinson's Disease is a common neurologic disorder for the elderly. It is a disorder of the brain characterized by shaking and difficulty with walking, movement, and coordination. This disease is associated with damage to a part of the brain that controls muscle movement. Parkinson's Disease is a chronic illness that is still being extensively studied.
Marburg hemorrhagic fever (Marburg HF) is a rare but acute hemorrhagic fever that affects both humans and primates. Transmission is mainly human-to-human, resulting from close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected persons. Illness caused by Marburg virus begins abruptly, with high fever, severe headache and severe malaise. The individuals at the highest risk of transmission include family members and hospital staff who care for patients infected with Marburg virus. Individuals who have close interaction with African fruit bat, human patients, or non-human primates disease-ridden with Marburg Virus are at risk. The variance diagnoses usually consist of malaria, typhoid fever, shigellosis, cholera,
Malaria is a deadly disease, responsible for 300,000,000 malaria-infected people and over a million deaths annually. It is caused by malaria parasites that have infected mosquitoes, so the disease is transferred into a person’s blood when the mosquito bites us. Malaria-diseased people experience fevers and chills that lingers every few days. The diagnosis of malaria is identified in their blood along with the symptoms. Malaria requires different treatment for mild cases or more severe ones, like mild circumstances usually need an oral medication, but serious conditions need a hospital visit. Again, the aftermath of a person with malaria depends on how dangerous it is, but full recovery is expected for moderate malaria. The prevention of malaria is mainly eluding mosquitoes and taking antimalarial medicines. Hopefully, you will understand the fatality that malaria has caused, and acknowledge it.
Infants, young children, elderly people, and people with underlying health conditions are most likely to get cholera because of their high risk of dehydration. On top of that, in areas with inadequate treatment of sewage and drinking water like Haiti, Southeast Asia, and Africa, cholera spreads very quickly. Cholera is a global disease that spreads to different countries by international travel or imported goods such as contaminated seafood. On a yearly basis, there are about 100,000...