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Pathophysiology Of Acute Renal Failure
Acute renal failure case study pdf
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Recommended: Pathophysiology Of Acute Renal Failure
Acute Renal Failure
Acute renal failure is the inability of your kidneys to function properly. When acute renal failure occurs the kidneys lose the ability to remove waste and the ability to balance fluids and electrolytes.
The functional and structural changes, otherwise known as the pathophysiologic changes, associated with acute renal failure (ARF) involve changes in renal hemodynamics, nephron function and cell metabolism. ARF can lead to symptoms such as the sudden loss of the ability of the kidneys to excrete wastes, concentrate urine, conserve electrolytes, and maintain fluid balance. Interactions of tubular and vascular events result in ARF and the leading cause of ARF is ischemia, which is the restricted supply of blood to tissues. This decline of renal blood flow causes cells of the kidney to die. The three phases of acute renal failure are prerenal, intrarenal and postrenal.
The most common type of ARF is prerenal acute renal failure and accounts for approximately 55% of all ARF cases. Prerenal ARF is caused by a complication of any condition, medication or disease that causes a rapid decrease of blood flow to the kidneys, which in turn causes a loss of kidney function. In prerenal ARF the kidneys are usually fully functional before the reduction of blood flow. Prerenal ARF can be caused by major cardiac or abdominal surgery, severe infection (sepsis), or injury; medicines that interfere with the blood supply to the kidneys, such as ACE inhibitors and NSAIDs; severe dehydration caused by excessive fluid loss; severe burns; pancreatitis and liver diseases that create fluid shifts in the abdomen (Hudson 2003). A timely correction of the underlying problem results in the kidneys returning to full normal funct...
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Glomerulonephritis, as a defined disease, is very broad in terms of a medical condition and is usually only diagnosed after a routine medical check-up or tests for another condition discover; the symptoms may not be obvious. This disease targets the membrane tissues made of tiny filtering cluster units within the kidneys called glomerulus, which comes from a Greek word meaning filter (NIH, 2014). This illness presents as an inflammation of the tiny filtering units called glomeruli of the kidneys that can be caused by a passing illness associated with an infection or as a result of an autoimmune disease (Nemours, 1995-2016). Glomerulonephritis is a multi-symptom disease caused by genetics or environmental factors that can have variable degrees
The article has been well organized and written. Mackay clearly states her rationale for writing the article and provides a valid reason to hold up her article with sources. Within the introduction section, the authors present worrying statistics of Americans affected by kidney disorders. Moreover, the author provides the disadvantages of dialysis with only Kidney transplantation being the only option. The author relates the topic to the readers...
According to my studies, Ms. Mendoza should avoid jobs involving strenuous work activity. Maintenance of optimal health is essential for her due to her being on dialysis since she is predisposed to anemia, have lowered resistance to infection, and experience fatigue. Additionally, the case study didn’t mention if she has loss of vision but most diabetics experience vision loss which impacts the ability to perform job functions .To help Ms. Mendoza , maintain a life-long program of well-being, including a well-balanced diet and an appropriate exercise program, hospitals employ a team of professionals consisting of the treating physician, dietician, medical
This case study which is taken from Robert M. Veatch’s Medical Ethics book is about a 5 year old girl, who from the last 3 years, has been suffering from “progressive renal failure” which...
“The Nephrology Nursing Journal” was initially published in 1974, and is a refereed clinical and scientific resource that provides current information on a wide variety of subjects to facilitate the practice of professional nephrology nursing (ANNA, 2015). Its purpose is to disseminate information on the latest advances in research, practice, and education to nephrology nurses to positively influence the quality of care they provide (ANNA, 2015). It is designed to meet the educational and information needs of nephrology nurses in a variety of roles at all levels of practice, while also serving as a source of knowledge for non-nephrology nurses. (ANNA, 2015). Its content expands the knowledge base for nephrology nurses, stimulates professional growth, guides research-based practice, presents new technological developments, and provides a forum for review of critical issues promoting the advancement of nephrology nursing practice (ANNA, 2015).
The renal disease are common nowadays .The acute renal failure is a medical term means that the kidneys stopped from working and not able to clear toxins from body ,not able to maintained a stable electrolyte balance inside the body and not able to secret the extra fluid as urine outside the body. The renal replacement therapy (RRT) or dialysis has been discovered on 1913 by Able, Rowntree and Turner in London, UK.
Dialysis is used when a person’s kidneys have lost 85-95% of their functioning ability. Over 100,000 people in the US are staying alive due to kidney dialysis. Kidney dialysis is also called renal dialysis. There are two types of kidney dialysis: peritoneal and hemodialysis. Both types of dialysis remove waste, salt and extra water, which builds up in the body. Dialysis not only cleanses impurities out of the blood, it also maintains blood pressure and makes sure to keep healthy levels of sodium, bicarbonate and potassium in the body. (Lewin, 2010)
Dorthea Elizabeth Orem’s Nursing Theory as it Applies to Patients With End Stage Renal Disease and Hemodialysis Treatment
Healthy kidneys clean the blood by filtering out extra water and wastes. They also make hormones that keep your bones strong and blood healthy. When both of your kidneys fail, your body holds fluid. Your blood pressure rises. Harmful wastes build up in your body. Your body doesn't make enough red blood cells. When this happens, you need treatment to replace the work of your failed kidneys.
Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis To the majority of Americans, dialysis is a confusing process that they will hopefully never have to endure, but for hundreds of thousands of people, it is a daily fact of life. According to US News and World Report, “In the United States, almost 400,000 people undergo dialysis every year.” (Gordon, 2012, para. 4)
Kidney Function Introduction and definition of terms: The kidneys are the main organs in the urinary system. They filter waste products out of blood from the renal artery. These are then excreted. Useful solutes are reabsorbed into the blood. They also have a major homeostatic role in the body, and help to control the water content (osmoregulation) and pH of the blood.
As Burns and Grove (2001) & Polit and Hungler (1997) as cited in Ingham-Broomfield (2008 p.104) mentioned that the primary purpose of the literature review is to discuss what is known, gain broad background and understanding of the available information related to the study. As Coughlan, Cronin, and Ryan (2007) stated that literature review should also help to identify any gaps in the literature relating to the problem and suggest how those gaps might be filled. The authors of this article has not provided any review of literature and this could misinform the reader what the main focus of the study; however, several appropriate references were used in the background. The terms used in the key concepts are adequately defined and consistent with the topic. The background of the study introduces the previous knowledge or what is already known which is to investigate the effectiveness of an ATP designed to help ESRD patients to cope with stressors while receiving haemodialysis treatment.
The purpose of this paper is to take an in depth look at a renal diet which is designed for people suffering from certain kidney conditions. A renal diet can be described as a nutritional regime which is: “low in sodium, phosphorous and protein... [It] also promotes the importance of consuming high-quality protein and usually limits fluids. Some patients may also need to limit potassium and even calcium” (Nephcure). Throughout the course of this paper various aspects are addressed. these include: the role of the kidneys, the importance of professional guidance, the reasons why people follow a renal diet, monitoring sodium intake, monitoring potassium intake, monitoring phosphorus intake, protein consumption, and fluid control.
The kidneys are a bean-shaped organ in the human body and they have different functions and are of vital importance for it. The kidneys are the pair of organs, which are able to regulate the reabsorption of ions such as potassium, sodium and calcium, which are fundamental substances for the cell. Furthermore, they are involved in the reabsorption of nutrients in the bloodstream and they can regulate the acidity of the blood. Besides the regulation of the fluids and ions, the kidneys are also responsible for the regulation of many different hormones that are involved in homeostasis and metabolism. Because of their importance in the regulation of substances in the body, when the kidneys stop working properly all the body is influenced by that creating disequilibrium in the maintenance of homeostasi...
Chronic Kidney Disease. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2014. Web. 20 May 2014.