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Review of literature on effectiveness of training and development
Review of literature on effectiveness of training and development
Literature review of training development
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All training programs have an overarching philosophy or worldview, and this impacts the structure and feel of the program, and ultimately the outcome. My previous post addressed the basics of training, as a mindful practice or habit, and this post will begin to move towards specifics of training for performance. As noted, a planned performance training program is defined as the “timing, sequence and interaction of training stimuli to allow optimal adaptive responses in pursuit of a specific goal" (Vern Gambatta), and most training programs are structured with similar components. Before we get to putting those components together in a structured training program, we need to address a common mistake that can sabotage your success: a training …show more content…
Five years ago, my worldview was "what ever it takes" and this got me through difficult workouts and personal struggles. Now, my outlook has evolved to "for the love of sport". The point I want to make is not to say one worldview was better than the other, but that the philosophy of the program matched my beliefs at the time, and both were successful in achieving my performance goals. One thing we can't change, is that extensive training is necessary to build an endurance athlete, especially in triathlon where mastery of three distinctive sports is needed. But the overarching philosophy impacts decisions made on the timing, sequence and interaction of training stimuli, and this is what individualizes a training …show more content…
The shift in my overarching training philosophy came when I could no longer convince myself to do more. Telling myself "what ever it takes" wasn't convincing enough to get outside my comfort zone and train at or beyond threshold on hard days; I found myself changing or skipping hard workouts altogether. It took some time for me to figure it out. Although I still have doubts at times, I can ask myself "am I still having fun?” and a bad workout turns into another experience that maintains my love of the sport, and ignites my desire to do
The higher a person’s VO2max, the longer they can sustain endurance events at higher training intensities. Conclusively, the experiment proved that the trained participant had a higher VO2max (higher oxygen consumption) and was indeed more fit than that of the untrained participant.
Athletic trainers are mainly responsible for injury recovery and injury prevention. However, these responsibilities are physical concerns, but what about the mental concerns? There is a movement within the athletic training field to approach sport injuries with a more holistic perspective. Many athletic trainers have had inadequate education in sport psychology to institute any sort of psychological initiative in their rehabilitation programs. This paper will discuss some of the prospective ideas and various methods of rehabilitation tactics that could be used in the field, as well as how to perhaps properly train athletic trainers to administer these mental treatments, along with the physical treatments. These mental treatments will be related back to sport and exercise psychology concepts, such as strategies for setting realistic goals, methods for enc...
The age of overwhelming strength and stamina governing sports is over, and the age of the mentally tough athlete has arrived. Athletes are no longer the superficial jocks and robots programmed to accomplish one goal, victory. Modern athletes ranging from the high school to professional levels are faced with many pressures and temptations, normally outside the realm of their sport. These pressures can inhibit an athlete’s performance substantially; therefore, the pressures need to be dealt with by psychologists. The effectiveness of sports psychology is demonstrated through the fields many theories, applications, and variety of techniques and procedures.
I joined my school’s cross country team in the summer. At the beginning we performed pre-season workouts. The training was tough, but my proud personality and the very thought of what I had to gain kept me motivated and helped me push through the pain. Every time I felt like giving up or quitting, I would say to myself, “This pain is only temporary; remember that the reward will be permanent, and it will be worth the pain that I endure today.” I was able to push through the
The use of the six principles of training by a 100m sprinter would greatly improve the athlete’s performance. This is because the progressive overload, specificity, reversibility, variety, training thresholds and warm up/cool down principles all greatly affect the performance of any athlete. The principles of training can be employed in order to improve all aspects of fitness, from flexibility to strength and aerobic endurance.
This will prove to be especially important as I move on to college, and as I embark on my journey of being a student athlete at the University of Nevada Reno. I know that being a student athlete will be challenging in the sense that I will have so many obligations and so little time; however, this mentality will further help me achieve my goals both athletically and academically, as I refuse to settle for anything less that what I am capable of achieving. I know that at times it will be tough, but I also know that quitting is not an option. If I were to stop in the middle of a race right when it got tough, I would never be able to experience the triumph of finishing. In the end, the glory of the fight is one of the most rewarding elements of
Knowles, M.S. (1976). Separating the Amatures from the Pros in Training. Training and Development Journal. 30(9). 16.
A lot of times, sports seem like a contest of physical skill― a test to see who is the fastest or strongest, who has the best eye or the most endurance, who can jump the highest or can handle the ball the best. What a lot of people don’t know is that there is so much more to a sport than just the muscle and coordination. In order to excel in a sport, an athlete requires a lot of self-discipline, concentration, and self-confidence. It’s the mental factor that makes a difference. Former Olympic gold medal-winning decathlon runner Bruce Jenner once said, “You have to train your mind like you train your body” (Gregoire 1). Success or failure depends on the mental factors just as much as the physical ones. The training of the mind of an athlete is called sports psychology. The use of sports psychology has a huge impact upon an athlete’s performance. The mental skills of a sport are just as important as the physical skills. All professional athletes use sports psychology. “If they aren’t currently using it, it’s almost guaranteed they’ve used it in the past, even if they are unaware they have” (Davis, Stephens, The Exploratorium 129). It’s hard to find an experienced athlete who hasn’t used sports psychology, because without it, they probably wouldn’t be where they are. The use of sports psychology is a crucial step to becoming a successful athlete.
When coaching athletes of the many things you do not want to happen is overlearning. Overlearning is when the practice goes beyond the amount needed to achieve a certain performance criterion. Extended practice of relatively simple skills could result in learners not continuing to engage in appropriate amounts of cognitive efforts. Players will being to daze off, become lazy in their efforts and not pay attention because they find the practice irrelevant. To prevent overlearning use a distributed practice technique, hold shorter practices and greater number of sessions with breaks in between. Next, you need to organize how complex you want your practice to be. If it is complex, start slow with isolation on the parts of the skill and progress to doing the entire skill, if simple then do the whole skill. Use any keys necessary in order to help the athletes learning process, visual, virtual, or written. Another way to improve practices is to make sure athletes have plenty of mental practice or strength. Have them mentally visualize themselves doing the skills that they performed in practice, it will help them to remember what they learned better and possibly increase their performance next time in
Motivate the motivation, simple words that can mean some much to an athlete, but what is motivation really? In the games and sports, psychological and physiological factors play an important role in determining the performance level (Grange & Kerr, 2010; Schilling & Hyashi, 2001). Motivation also plays an important role in determining the performance level an athlete, but plays a role in the psychological and physiological factors as well. Motivation is more than a behavior or idea, it is an impact on how we interact with others, how we process defeat, feel, and how we play. Motivation will not only help an athlete get the starting position or gain an award but more importantly, help an athlete reach their potential. Motivation like most things
Weinberg, R.S. & Gould, D. {1995} Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Ch.15
The Olympic Games bring together individuals that are exceptional and impeccably dominant within their particular concentration of training and athletics. Olympic Games have an array of events and/or sports that range from individual to team competitions, and are either sport related activities or are combat related, such as fencing. Fencing is the sport of sword fighting, which was first known to be organized in 14th century Germany with heavier and larger swords, but fencing has evolved into utilizing a lighter sword for fencers to move much quicker in combat, competition and now a recreational sport (Slade, 2009). The sport of fencing is a combat sport that requires skillfulness that is primarily done in an indoors setting, where two athletes skirmish indirectly through the use of sword, and physical interaction is prohibited (Rio & Bianchedi, 2008). The swords used in fencing are the Sabre, Epee, and Foil, and the weapon in which the fencer is expected to use is centered on what they were interested in at the beginning of training or what the local club deals within, or maybe be due to what the coach specializes in (Turner et al., 2013). This sport prominently demands anaerobic drive within the fencers to produce high velocity action that are dynamic in nature and require a vast amount of articulation of joints and muscle force generation. Mental acuity factors are also crucial within fencing from mental preparation to tactical action conducted within the event to gain the upper hand (Chang, Regatte, & Schweitzer, 2009). Fencing is a mental and physical game; competitors must constantly anticipate their opponent’s mov...
Physical training is 90% mental and 10% physical. The most important factor is developing a proper mindset. Your frame of mind guides everything that you do. The right mindset will get you through any challenge. Get your mind right and your body will follow. From this point forward, view physical training as an all or nothing situation. You are either in or out. There is no grey area. The words “I can’t” can no longer be part of your vocabulary. Do not give yourself permission to miss a meal or a training session. Do not make or accept excuses for not following through. There are no excuses. Trust this system. Trust yourself. Follow the programs. Failure is not an option.
We finish what we start. This was the motto that kept me going during the strenuous training period for a marathon. But prior to that, I must confess, I wasn’t an athlete. I was never interested in playing sports, except for recreational badminton. During gym class, I would walk three quarters of the time when it time for the dreaded mile run. I preferred staying indoors and sitting on the couch and watch movies. The first time I had heard about a marathon training program, called Dreamfar, in my school, I thought to myself, what kind of crazy person would want to run a marathon? Never did I realize, eight months later, I would be that crazy person.
Since then I have continued to follow through with the same level of dedication to exercising. I find myself wondering at times where I would be in life if I had never picked up that first barbell and started lifting. It has been a difficult journey and I know that it is far from over, with so many things I still have to work on. Through all the mistakes and obstacles it took to get me here, I am now living a healthy lifestyle and I owe much of it to exercising.