As a manager, decision making is much more than simply making a decision. There are steps or methods he/she should take in order to evaluate the situation as well as the possible outcomes. This paper will discuss how managers can make ethical decisions and how they can remove any personal biases they may have. In addition, the paper will state how system one and two thinking affect business decisions and how a manager can keep these two types of thinking in balance. Furthermore, the paper will discuss how rational decision making affects negotiations, as well as suggested steps for a manager to negotiate properly. After, the paper evaluates creative problem solving and how it can help alleviate bounded awareness. Moreover, the papers state that the Kepner-Tregoe method guides a manager into assessing their decision and the risks associated with their decision. Finally, the paper discusses how overconfidence negatively affects a manager’s decision-making skills. After …show more content…
As I reevaluate my past decisions, I realize I would have handled the situation better. For instance, when taking a test, I would sometimes assume I would know the information and not study for the exam. When I got a poor grade I wouldn’t understand why and I would confront the teacher. Now having completed this course, I would have handled the situation differently. I have now learned being overconfident can cause a person to be unprepared and leads to poor outcomes. Thus, now I will study for all my tests, regardless if I feel I am competent on the topic. Furthermore, when confronting a teacher, I am now aware of how to handle a negotiation. I will first enter with confidence, as well as be sure I set and clarify my goals. Moreover, I will prepare for all outcomes. Overall, I believe this course has changed my decision-making skills for the better. In each situation I enter, I will now be able to make better, more ethical
It is difficult to make life decisions when knowing that it is all up to you to make the right choice not knowing what the outcome is. In “Gregory” by Panos Ionannides, the soldier has to decide whether to follow the headquarters or his own instincts. Furthermore, in “Just Lather, That’s All” the barber also has to make a choice in a small amount of time, to either kill Torres or not. Moreover, he has no orders to kill Torres it was his own decision to kill someone. The protagonists in “Gregory” and “Just Lather, That’s All” both face moral dilemmas throughout the stories. In the short story “Gregory” by Panos Ionannides, the soldier decides to follow his ethics. In the story “Just Lather That’s All” by Hernando Tellez, the barber has chosen to go towards his morals. Both the soldier and the barber portray that they both need to make decisions that are wise.
There are two ways in which people make decisions in their daily life or at work: Intuitive or rational. If we talk about intuitive decision-making (IDM) we talk about the subjective decisions that are not based on any facts and purely instinctive, for example whether or not to cross the street. These decisions are fast occurring, have no any need for reasoning and are used if facts are unavailable or making a decision is very difficult.
Each decision-making strategy has advantages and disadvantages and none are always better than the others. An effective team leader will consider the options and determine which strategy is the most appropriate one for the issues to be decided and the circumstances in which the decision is to be made and implemented. Outcome-oriented businesses need leaders skilled at decision-making. Decision-making styles are neither good nor bad. The effectiveness of any decision-making style depends on the situation in which it is used. Performance is enhanced by integrating all styles, by finding the style that works best in particular project, or by being able to move intentionally from one decision-making style to another.
Moral decisions can be difficult to make if it goes against your beliefs. You could choose to either follow your orders or follow your instincts. The stories “Gregory” by Panos Ioannides and “The Day of the Last Rock Fight” by Joseph Whitehill, both have endings that results in a negative outcome; both the protagonists are conflicted whether they should be loyal to their leader or friend, or follow their instincts. The soldier from “Gregory” is conflicted to whether he has to kill Gregory or not, and Ronnie is in a situation where he has to make a decision to whether he should have reported his best friend Peter or not. These protagonists are negatively affected from the decisions they make. In “Gregory”, the soldier regrets killing “Gregory”, and in “The Day of the Last Rock Fight”, Ronnie is heavily burdened after making the decision not to tell the detective of how Gene Hanlon dies. Furthermore, both the stories portray how it can be difficult making decisions when you know that your decision could have a great impact on the society and yourself.
Negotiations and decisions are a part of everyday business. In order to make a successful decision, it is necessary to understand how to make rational and sound decisions. Decisions that are rash, made on snap judgments, and past experiences can prove detrimental to a business. A deficit in basic thinking and decision making is felt at all levels of an organization (Gary, 1997). Decisions can have long term and short term impacts on organizations and their world in which they exist (Turner & Dean, 2008). In order to understand the process of making a sound and good decision, it is necessary to define and understand several decision-making models. These models help to make clear the issues to be addressed and the goals that need to be obtained before a final decision is made. This paper will discuss the zero sum game, win-win, satisfying solutions, and the fixed pie models.
The end result of any decision is action. Action based on reason, intuition, planning, or circumstance it is still action. The best course of action often is determined by the implementation of a decision making process. This process or model can be rational based or intuitive base. It is possible to combine the intuitive and rational decision models. The OODA (Observation, Orientation, Decision, Action) Loop acknowledges the existence of intuition within the context of reason.
executives make decisions on a daily basis, and not all bad decision making arises from lack of correct information, or an error in the actual technical process of decision making which would imply incompetence on the part of the executive. Hammond, Keeney, and Raiffa (1989), posit that bad decisions, especially catastrophic ones, can be made by the hidden traps present in our subconscious mind, which influence the decision-making process without the decision maker being aware of it. Awareness of these traps in decision-making and knowing how to avoid them are key towards avoiding bad outcomes in complex decision making processes.
Some decisions prove to be vital and any miscalculation that may be involved may prove dire for the individual or the organization. In identifying the criterion to use while evaluating different decisions, many factors pertaining the structure should be considered. The pros and cons of every decision made should be evaluated to ensure that the option chosen has the most positive effect on the individual and the organization. Some of the activities that may require keen decision making include project development, finance and operations. With the knowledge attained it will be easier to cope with tough decisions that may come up in my career. Decision making models may be generated to give an in depth view to the problem and also provide critical analysis ability. It is also vital noting that for those in managerial positions, they face a bigger task in decision making. A good understanding of the business function and structure will provide an in depth knowhow to those that have studied the
This paper will focus on the Rational Model for decision-making. The first section will describe the Rational Model for decision-making. It will identify all the steps of the Rational Model and what they entail. The second section will detail a recent job-related issue I was involved with. I will discuss the issue and show how the Rational Model of decision-making was effectively utilized to reach a decision.
In business, a company should know well about their company before making any decision. They must know their own strength and weakness of the company in order to plan a well strategy. This is to create a strong foundation for the company to make sure every step that took is perfectly bring to success. A company enter into the market without any planning will easily defeat by other competitors. Therefore, making decision is an important strategy for a
Looking back at my first year of being a physical therapist and comparing it to today, I can definitely say that my strategies for clinical decision-making have evolved. I can attribute it to my past experiences in the field and the wealth of knowledge that I gained from working with other members of the healthcare team as well as the numerous CE classes that I have attended in the past. When I first started with geriatric home care (after leaving the SNF setting), my initial evaluation would take forever to finish. It only made sense because everything was new - from the patient’s environment, the information needed to be gathered, and of course, the patients themselves. I was trying to get all available information to allow me to reach
The course also challenged me and allowed me to think critically. Whenever I am faced with an issue I know that I should take steps to formulate an opinion. It’s always good to ask questions to clarify anything. Once all the facts are established, I know that I should assess them. Finally I am able to assert a carefully thought out opinion (3). After taking these steps can be sure my opinion is right and not just for me personally, but regarding others too.
I understand my styles and behaviors better now. Too bad I didn’t take this course earlier in life. Understanding myself will help me understand other people better I believe. That will be helpful concidering the profession I intend to have.
When it comes to the reasoning and problem solving of any issue there are various ways to come to a decision; thinking is the mental process that allows the people in the world to deal with it effectively, according to set goals, plans, ideas, and desires. Thinking involves the gathering of information that forms concepts and engages in problem solving, reasoning, and making precise decisions for the benefit of whom is concerned. Thinking according to Kirby and Goodpaster (2007),"is an internal mental process that uses information as input, integrates that information into previous learned material and the result may be knowledge or may be nothing". Creative thinking, logical thinking, and persuasive thinking are three types of thinking. Each of these types of thinking affects the critical thinking process in various ways. The three thinking types will be compared and contrasted, as well as applied to affects they have in the critical thinking process. Every person has a primary style of thinking that is used most to help in his or her decisions. Finally, critical thinking will be applied to the decision making process by using workplace examples.
I rarely have taken the time to analyze my values and how they match up with my behaviors. This course has encouraged me to rethink my actions and consider how I can further implement my core values in my life. I think I need to thoughtfully reflect on my core values and specifically plan how I transform my behaviors. Although, I am more aware that some of my behaviors and values don’t match up, I don’t think I have been able to make many changes yet. Hopefully, I can continue to work on having my behaviors reflect my values because I don’t want to look back and wish that I acted differently in certain situations. There is really no excuse for why my behaviors shouldn’t follow my values because if truly value those things, I should be able to recognize that my behaviors might need to be adjusted. I have said that I value helping others but I think I need to find ways to implement this more in my life. Not only do I want to explore ways to help others, I want to be more thoughtful about my comments and how I treat others. I don’t particularly think my behaviors have transformed that much over the last couple of weeks but I am glad that I have been able to see where I need to make changes and have goals for myself. The true test of this class will be to look back months from now and see how I committed I am to becoming a “better” me. I think balancing my behaviors and values will come with time and consideration but also it is up to me to make the changes I want to see in myself.