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A essay on earthquakes
A essay on earthquakes
A essay on earthquakes
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INTRODUCTION Imagine you were at home, doing your homework, when the ground started to shake. You don’t know what’s happening. Suddenly, the shaking stops. You look outside and there are cracks in the road, and crumbling buildings. You had just survived an earthquake. This essay will answer the question: Why and how do earthquakes happen? Keep reading to learn more about what earthquakes are, tectonic plates, earthquakes around the world, the San Francisco earthquake 1989, predicting & preventing earthquakes. What Is An Earthquake If you don’t know already, an earthquake is a natural disaster. During an earthquake, the ground shakes and rolls, like the waves of the ocean. On top of that, some earthquakes can be really destructive. Buildings can get knocked down, fires can start, the street can open and close, …show more content…
One idea would be to “grease” the faults, to make the earth move smoothly. Another idea is to make earthquake control wells. Whenever any fluid enters the well, a tiny earthquake happens, taking pressure off the fault. The best method is to not build big cities near or on top of faults. But if they already are, make sure the buildings can sustain large earthquakes. Conclusion In this essay, you learned about what earthquakes are, tectonic plates, some powerful earthquakes around the world, the San Francisco earthquake 1989, predicting and preventing earthquakes. Thank you for reading! GLOSSARY Earthquakes: A destructive natural disaster that makes the ground shake Tectonic Plates: Pieces of the earth’s crust, whose interaction can cause earthquakes Relatively: In comparison with____________. Pressure: The force “exerted on or against an object” Method: A specific way of doing something Chain Reaction: A series of events, in which each happened because of the thing befor it BIBLIOGRAPHY Lampton, Christopher, Earthquake: A Disaster! Book, BrookField CT, The Millbrook
Earthquakes are best described as a shaking or vibration of the ground caused by breaking of rock. Sometimes they are very strong and other times you would hardly notice them. This shaking occurs when stress that builds up in the crust is suddenly released as the crust breaks free and/or slides against the other pieces of crust. Earthquakes may also be thought of as the breaking of a popsicle stick by applying pressure to both ends at the same time. Should you try this experiment , you will feel the pressure build up as you apply more force until the stick snaps. When the stick snaps you will feel an instant of pain at your fingers as the stress reduces and energy waves move throughout the stick. When the earth's crust is placed under similar types of stress, binding as the stress builds, it will also snap and release the energy into the surrounding rocks, 'ooch'. Thinking about earthquakes will become more clear if you try another experiment.
Problem Statement: Earthquakes are a natual part of the environment. They do,however,cause devistating effect on the environment. Since Earthquakes can not be avoided, maybe there is a way to determine when they are going to occur so precautions can be taken to get people to safety and protect as much of
Earthquakes are a natural part of the Earth’s evolution. Scientific evidence leads many geologists to believe that all of the land on Earth was at one point in time connected. Because of plate tectonic movements or earthquakes, continental drift occurred separating the one massive piece of land in to the seven major continents today. Further evidence supports this theory, starting with the Mid-Atlantic ridge, a large mass of plate tectonics, which are increasing the size of the Atlantic Ocean while shrinking the Pacific. Some scientists believe that the major plate moveme...
The 1906 San Francisco earthquake was one of the largest earthquakes in the United States. Even though it only lasted less than a minute, the damages and aftermath of the earthquake were disastrous. These damages were not just from the earthquake, but also from other hazards that occurred because of it. It also had a huge effect on the people living in San Francisco. Many people, the government, and other countries helped the city of San Francisco with relief goods like food and clothing. The city used up their resources in order to rebuild the city and spent a lot of money. This earthquake also started a scientific revolution about earthquakes and its effects.
Ralph Waldo Emerson once said, “we learn geology the morning after the earthquake.” Fortunately for those living along the San Andreas Fault line in California, there are people behind the scenes, from geologists to city and emergency planners, who have no intention of waiting that long.
Heller, Arnie. "The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake." Science & Technology (2006): 4-12. Web. 8 May 2014.
From studying the science behind the San Francisco earthquake, scientists have made a number of important discoveries involving how earthquakes function. At 5:12 on a fateful April morning in 1906, the mammoth Pacific and North American plates sheared each other at an incredible twenty-one feet along the San Andreas fault, surpassing the annual average of two inches (“San Francisco Earthquake of 1906”) (“The Great 1906 Earthquake and Fires”). A few seconds later, the destructive earthquake occurred. The ground shifted at almost five feet per second, and the shaking could be felt all the way from southern Oregon to southern Los Angeles to central Nevada (“Quick”) (“The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake”). In fact, the earthquake could be registered in a seismograph on Capetown, South Africa, an astounding 10,236 miles away...
Before examining the Northridge event, understanding the naturally occurring hazard that is an earthquake will help to better understand exactly what happened and why it was such an important geological event. With four distinct layers, two layers, the crust and upper portion of the mantle, compose the skin that is the surface layer of the Earth. The crust is not a single, continuous piece. It is actually several different pieces, or plates, that come together to form the puzzle that comprises the surface of the Earth. These plates are in constant motion rubbing against one another. These areas, known as fault lines, where the plates rub up against one another have spots where one plate ”gets stuck while the rest of the plate keeps moving. When the plate has moved far enough, the edges unstick and is how most of the earthquakes around the world occur” (Wald, 2012). The energy stored from the friction of the two plate...
study of the San Andreas fault system." (USGS) When the 1906 earthquake struck scientist set
The earth is split into four layers, inner and outer core, the mantle and crust. The top of the mantle and crust make up what is like the skin of our earth (see source 2). The skin is split up like a puzzle and we call these puzzle pieces’ tectonic plates (see source 1). These plates are constantly moving and the plate boundaries (edges of the plates) move and slide past one another. Sometimes as the plates move the plate boundaries become stuck. Pressure builds up in the stuck area over time and eventually breaks. This is why earthquakes occur due to the sudden movement of the plate sliding and breaking creating a fault line to go off. The fault line is the line on which the
Lead Sentence (must be interesting; cannot be a question): A story of how one event can cause a never ending chain of events.
Climate change and rapid variations in weather patterns have put both developed and developing countries equally at an increased risk of occurring natural disasters (Polain, Berry and Hoskin, 2011). Polain et al (2011) explains, in the last decade alone, many countries have endured life threatening natural disasters such as hurricanes, floods, tsunamis and closer to home here in Australia wild bushfires. With the amount of anticipated natural disasters only expected to increase, there is an urgent need to support the groups and individuals who are identified as being most vulnerable to natural disasters (Redwood and Abrahams, 2011). Redwood and Abrahams (2011) further explains that, mental health needs will continue to change and develop as counties evolve through the stages that follow a natural disaster. It is critical that the complex mental health needs are taken into considerations from a service perspective and become an integral component of disaster readiness, response, and recovery (Carol & Pfefferbaum, 2013). The complexity of social, environmental and psychological dynamics pre and post a natural disaster cannot be underestimated consequently the response of mental health care providers needs to be available so that treatment needs can be identified and initiated to those affected (Fernandes & Boehs, 2013).
If people are unaware of the danger they might be in, evacuations will be nearly impossible. If the earthquake or volcano is highly destructive, hundreds upon thousands of people could die. Earthquakes are one of the most destructive natural disasters on Earth. Several accounts have been reported of powerful earthquakes killing hundreds, and injuring thousands. Monitoring and predicting
Earthquakes are vibrations felt at the surface of the earth which are caused by disturbances of the energy in the earth's interior. These vibrations are known as seismic waves. (Skinner Robinson McVerry 1) There are different type sof seisimc waves such as Primary (P) waves, whcih travel the fastest, Secondary (S) waves which cause the earth to vibrate vertically, Surface (L) waves. P and S waves are "affected by changes in the density and the rigidity of the materials through which they pass." (Columbia Encyclopedia) Earthquakes vary in their intensity and duration. Often times they are strong enough to cause massive destriction. Tall buildings often suffer as a result of these natural disasters. In recent years this has become a larger and larger threat with both the number of large buildings, and their number of occupants increasing. In an effort to try to minimize the damage caused by earthquakes many some engineers focus primarily on designing and constructing earthquake resistant buildings. Earthquake engineers have gathered much of their information from analyzing past earthquakes, and learning which buildings can and can't withstand the tremors. The goals of these engineers is to design buildings that can withstand moderate earthquakes and obtain minimal damage, and that the buildings will not collapse lowering the probability of human deaths.
Earthquakes belong to the class of most disastrous natural hazards. They result in unexpected and tremendous earth movements. These movements results from dissemination of an enormous amount of intense energy in form of seismic waves which are detected by use of seismograms. The impact of earthquakes leaves behind several landmarks including: destruction of property, extensive disruption of services like sewer and water lines, loss of life, and causes instability in both economic and social components of the affected nation (Webcache 2).