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Impacts of volcanic hazards
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Funding Debate
The government has been at odds when it comes to funding for volcano and earthquake monitoring. Some say that the governments money should go towards other things. Others oppose to the lack of funding. In the interest of saving lives volcano and earthquake monitoring is essential for the safety of people near volcanoes, or living on fault lines. If people are unaware of the danger they might be in, evacuations will be nearly impossible. If the earthquake or volcano is highly destructive, hundreds upon thousands of people could die.
Earthquakes are one of the most destructive natural disasters on Earth. Several accounts have been reported of powerful earthquakes killing hundreds, and injuring thousands. Monitoring and predicting
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Each one has the potential to be extremely destructive. Without funding, volcanologist will not be able to predict volcanic eruptions, which could possibly cost thousands upon millions of lives. Lives will not only be spent however, eruptions such as Mount St. Helens cost around 1.1 billion dollars for repairs. These aftermath costs could be way more damaging to the governments wallet than funding to predict volcanic eruptions. Earthquakes are another problem entirely. California itself is on a dangerous faultline and many earthquakes have occured along this fault line including the Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake, which resulted in around 3,000 deaths. This area should be especially monitored not all states should receive funding for earthquakes because not all states need it. Unlike volcanoes, fault lines don’t go dormant which is why monitoring fault lines is essential. Rebuilding costs for earthquakes can potentially go as high as 232 billion dollars, which is another kick in the governments wallet due to lack of funding for earthquake proof buildings. On the other hand, earthquake monitors specialized in detecting even the smallest of quakes could be distributed with only around 30 million dollars statewide. That equipment alone has the power to aid seismologists in predicting earthquakes. In the end, funding for earthquake monitoring will cost money, but it will not only saves lives, but it will save the government from spending billions of dollars on one repair whereas funding will go to several states in need of such
There are many pro’s for attempting to forecast an earthquake or volcano. Forecasting an earthquake or eruption saves lives and property, mainly by preparation, as there is no way to prevent these events with today technology.
Volcanoes are one of the most disastrous yet captivating geological land forms on earth. Many volcanic eruptions are catastrophic, but not all volcanic eruptions are as brutal. The two case studies I have chosen to compare and contrast are the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption with the eruption of Hawaii’s Kilauea volcano which is still active today.
The Valles Caldera volcano or super volcano is right now a dormant volcano, but this super volcano can erupt anytime. If this volcano erupts into the atmosphere it will cover Las Alamos and many small towns in the region. The eruption of the Valles caldera volcano can alter the climate change which will not only harm the animal population, but also the environment. Scientist is still researching the volcano even though they do not know when the next eruption will take place. The scientists have studied the rocks over the previous eruptions and have taken place before when they were drilling into the heart of the Valles Caldera.
The science of the natural disaster has baffled many, but from studying the San Francisco earthquake, scientists have made a number of important discoveries and they have a better understanding of earthquakes. At 5:12 on a fateful April morning in 1906, the mammoth Pacific and North American plates sheared at an incredible twenty-one feet along the San Andreas fault, surpassing the annual average of two inches (“San Francisco Earthquake of 1906”)(“The Great 1906 Earthquake and Fires”). The shearing caused a loud rumble in the Californian city of San Francisco. A few seconds later, the destructive earthquake occurred. The ground shifted at almost five feet per second, and the shaking could be felt all the way from southern Oregon to southern Los Angeles to central Nevada (“Quick”)(“The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake”). Moreover, the earthquake could be recorded on a seismograph in Capetown, South Africa, an astounding 10,236 miles away from San Francisco (“San Francisco ea...
Out of all the natural disasters that we talk about in class, the most deadly would have to be a Tsunami. Compared to earthquakes, Tsunamis have cause more deaths since 1945. A Tsunami is likely to strike anywhere on the west coast, including Santa Cruz in California – United States – North America – 36:58:24N 122:02:09W. A Tsunami is a giant “wave” of water that is caused by a sudden shift in the sea floor. The wave is a result of the water attempting to regain its equilibrium, which is driven by gravity. The size of the wave is determined by how much the sea floor is moved vertically, and how quickly it shifts. A greater water depth helps as well. They can travel up to five hundred miles an hour and have wave heights of one hundred feet. Earthquakes are the leading cause of Tsunamis. People who live in California are well aware of earthquakes that are frequently caused by the San Andreas Fault. However, not many are aware of the results of earthquakes that occur out in the Pacific Ocean. Tsunamis have also been referred to in the past as seismic sea waves, but Earthquakes aren’t the only cause of this phenomenon. Landslides, nuclear explosions, volcanic eruptions, and extra terrestrial impacts also have great water displacement results.
...er caused the city to crumble and the government to pay extreme amounts of money. In addition, residents of San Francisco and other surrounding areas suffered as a result. Thousands died, but even more faced the encumbrance of homelessness. As if that could not worsen, fires went on afterward for as long as three days. Nevertheless, San Francisco transformed like a phoenix; its ashes turned into a beautiful city full of fascinating buildings in a matter of months. 1906, a year of a significant natural disaster, also became a year that spawned knowledge in the field of seismology. No one will ever forget the appalling chain of events that took place during the early twentieth century. The San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 has not only taught seismologists almost everything they now know, but it has also made San Francisco the jewel of the West Coast that it is today.
More earthquakes can also cause more geological damage as well as increased loss of life. According to Klemetti Erik, an author for wired.com and an assistant professor of Geosciences at Denison University, “there were at least 14 earthquakes triggered during or after Novarupta’s eruption of a magnitude of 6 or greater occurred, releasing 250 times more energy than the earthquakes at Pinatubo in 1991. This is thought to reflect the lack of pre-existing faults from previous calderas in the location where the new caldera formed at Katmai”(Klemetti 2012). Earthquakes triggered by volcanoes are not very uncommon, but due to the scale of Novarupta, the numerous earthquakes triggered were also at a proportionally large
Another major effect of the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake was the long “rupture of a fault that has been observed in the United States” (USGS, 2012). According to the article Historic Earthquakes the displacement of the San Andreas Fault could be seen from a distance of 300 kilometers from San Juan Bautista to Point Arena. Further, displacement was beyond north at Shelter Cove in Humbolt County and if the rupture would it have continue the long rupture would it have extended to 430 kilometers becoming the longest displacement (USGS,
benchmark for the future, and integrated investigation into the effects of earthquakes in the U.S.
A big question in today's world is to or not to live by it will Volcano. Volcano's are very dangerous it can cause lots of damage not only in things that humans too. Irruptions can be unexpected and destroy a whole city! I think people shouldn't live by a volcano because it's very dangerous and if it's in the ring of fire.
Volcanoes can cause damage by spewing lava, but earthquakes before the eruption can also cause damage. These earthquakes open fissures and let magma out to the surface. When the magma exits these fissures, streams of lava up to hundreds of feet can shoot into the air. The picture below shows the lava erupting from the fissures created by the earthquakes in...
Earthquakes are frequent but most of the time aren’t very big on the Richter Scale. Statistics and research show that there are earthquakes happening constantly, but most of the time are impossible to feel unless they are above a 3 on the Richter Scale (see source7).
Volcano geodesists study the inner workings of a volcano, basically, its plumbing. While a physical volcanologist and geochemist can study the results of a volcanic eruption, without knowing the inner workings of a volcano, where the magma chambers are located and which direction they go, it is sometimes difficult to know whether or not an eruption will take place at all (Poland, Hamburger, & Newman, 2006). Geophysicists study the Earth and their research regarding seismology is also crucial to volcanology. Many volcanic eruptions are foreshadowed by clusters of earthquakes. The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program and the Volcano Hazards Program, both run by the USGS, monitor the earthquakes and other clues of volcanic activity and release information concerning it.
Earthquakes belong to the class of most disastrous natural hazards. They result in unexpected and tremendous earth movements. These movements results from dissemination of an enormous amount of intense energy in form of seismic waves which are detected by use of seismograms. The impact of earthquakes leaves behind several landmarks including: destruction of property, extensive disruption of services like sewer and water lines, loss of life, and causes instability in both economic and social components of the affected nation (Webcache 2).
When a volcano erupts, the focus is particularly on the consequences that take place near the volcano, such as weather conditions, the impact on nature, and the people who are affected. The noticeable changes that take place after a volcanic eruption includes the decrease in the temperature, natural disasters, such as tsunamis, droughts, and hurricanes, and the air pollution, which can be harmful to plants, animals, and people.