During the early 1800’s, an influential scientist named Amedeo Avogadro made a huge compact that changed history as we know it. Avogadro came from a background full of hard work and dedication. He was highly intelligent but, was rejected many times. Through it all, he persevered and kept trying. The purpose of this essay is to inform readers about Avogadro’s life and accomplishments.
Avogadro was born in Turin, Italy on August 9th, 1776. He died at the age of 79, on
July 9th, 1856 (famousscientists.org). He earned degrees in law and started to practice as an ecclesiastical lawyer. After obtaining his formal degrees, he took private lessons in mathematics and sciences, including chemistry. He later became the professor of mathematic physics at the University of Turin. Unfortunately, that time for him was shortcoming because of political mayhem. He lost his job in 1823. He then was reappointed to his post and retired in 1850, at the age of 74.
Although Avogadro was a very occupied man, he still managed to have a wife and children. He married Felicita Mazzé of Biella in 1815. They had six children together. Avogadro spent his whole life in
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He made a hypothesis about how experimental gas law relating volume of a gas to the amount of substance of gas present. The law states that, “equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules. In 1811, Avogadro proposed that the volume of a gas is proportional to the number of atoms regardless of the nature of gas (chemheritage.org). Some interesting facts about Avogadro was that he was born to a noble family of Turin, his full name was Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro de Quaregna e di Cerreto. He married quite late. He was also a hardworking and modest person; he did not receive much tribute during his time but he will forever remain a very vital person in science
On November 10, 1848, his parents migrated to America. When they arrived they settled in New York where they married. His Parents were loving, caring and wise.(www.marxists.org)
In 1801 he argued that the atmosphere was filled with mechanical gases and that the chemical reactions between the nitrogen and oxygen played no part in the atmosphere?s construction. To prove this he conducted a lot of experiments on the solubility of gases in water. This showed that dissolved gases were mechanically mixed with the water and weren?t mixed naturally. But in 1803 it was found that this depended on the weight of the individual particles of the gas or atoms. By assuming the particles were the same size Dalton was able to develop the idea of atomic weights.
The Avogadro constant is named after the early nineteenth century Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro, who is credited (1811) with being the first to realize that the volume of a gas (strictly, of an ideal gas) is proportional to the number of atoms or molecules. The French chemist Jean Baptiste Perrin in 1909 proposed naming the constant in honor of Avogadro. American chemistry textbooks picked it up in the 1930's followed by high school textbooks starting in the 1950s.
In 1802, at the age of seventeen, Bolivar married the young daughter of a Spanish nobleman and soon after returned to Caracas. Unfortunately, the marriage did not last very long, as his wife died a year later from yellow fever. After her death, Bolivar decided he wanted to better himself intellectually and politically so he returned to Europe only to encounter his old tutor Simon Rodriguez.
After graduating from MIT, he went straight into work at Bell Laboratory. He did most of his research in solid state physics, especially vacuum tubes. Most of his theoretical advances led the company to conquer their goal of using electronic switches for telephone exchanges instead of the mechanical switches there were using at the time. Some of the other research he did was on energy bands in solids, order and disorder in alloys, self-diffusion of copper, experiments on photoelectrons in silver chloride, experiment and theory on ferromagnetic domains, and different topics in transistor physics. He also did operations research on individual productivity and the statistics of salary in research laboratories.
For my first Extension I have chosen to research about a woman named Annie Jump Cannon. She was a renowned astronomer who lived from 1863-1941. She was a true pioneer for women everywhere and greatly contributed to the field of astronomy. This is an essay about her accomplishments as a Quiet Hero of Science.
Italo Calvino was born in 1923 in Santiago de Las Vegas, Cuba. He then moved to Italy with his family were he was raised and lived most of his life. Italo joined the Italian Resistance during World War II and when the war ended he settled in Turin, and earned his degree in literature. Italo worked as an editor for the Communist periodical L'Unità and for the publishing house of Einaudi. He also went on to write more Italian fantasy books other then the Baron in the Trees, he wrote a total of nineteen short stories. Italo Calvino died in September of 1985, in Siena Italy.
Copernicus was born on February 19, 1473 in Thorn, Poland. He was the youngest son of four children and the son of a prosperous merchant. Following his father's death, his Uncle Lukas Watzelrode, bishop of Ermland, adopted him. Copernicus began his studies in Thorn and then at the University of Cracow where he studied mathematics and became very interested in humanistic studies.1 Copernicus left Cracow for Italy where he went to the Universities of Bologna and later Padua. He studied many different subjects including mathematics, canon law, and astronomy. Copernicus received a degree in medicine at the University of Padua, and went on to receive his doctorate from the University of Ferrara in canon law.
Antonio Vivaldi was born on March 4th, 1678, in Venice, Italy, and died on July 28, 1741, in Vienna, Austria. His father, a barber and a talented violinist at Saint Mark's Cathedral himself, had helped him in trying a career in music and made him enter the Cappella di San Marco orchestra, where he was an appreciated violinist.
...of mechanics. By that time he was an old man, and was blind. He died in 1642, the same year Isaac Newton was born.
He set off to Detroit as a young man in search for a job. He ended up working at an automotive plant in Pontiac, Michigan. He didn't live there for long until he enlisted in the U.S. Air Force. He met his first wife (Vivian Liberto) while at basic training.
Alfred Bernhard Nobel is a scientist ,author, pacifist, and above all of that he is inventor of dynamite and the holder of 355 patents. He was born on October, 21, 1833, in Stockholm, Sweden and he is the fourth of Immanuel and Caroline Andriette Nobel’s eight children. He was raised in the capital of Russia where there were a wonderful mixture of different cultures and nationalities, and a great harmony between science and literature. Alfred was a weak child who always got sick but at the same time he was lively and curious about the world around him. Alfred’s father, Immanuel Nobel, was a descendant of the Swedish scientist Olaus Rudbeck , therefore Alfred the boy was interested in engineering, particularly explosives and he learnt the basic principles from his father at a young age. Alfred’s father, Immanuel Nobel was an engineer, inventor and a builder who built bridges and buildings in Stockholm, beside that he experimented for blasting rocks with different techniques because of his construction work.
Of all the scientists to emerge from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries there is one whose name is known by almost all living people. While most of these do not understand this mans work, everyone knows that his impact on the world is astonishing.
When his father died in 1591 Galileo had to support his family. He looked for a job that paid more, and became professor of mathematics at the University of Padua where he stayed for eighteen years. He became very interested in astronomy at that time partly because of the discovery of a new star in 1604. (This turned out to be an exploding sun called a supernova). During these years he did more work on his theories of falling bodies, inclined planes and how projectiles travel. This work is still used today, for example in ballistics where computers can predict the path of a shell based on Galileo’s work.
Humbled at last by his enemies, the father of modern science wasn’t wholly subdued. His discoveries impacted the world as we see it. Without his sacrifice and motive to fight for what he believed in, we wouldn’t be as advanced as we are today in modern science. Although society advanced by increased knowledge, having more scientific answers, and increased new developments because of the freedom to deviate from established theories, there were some negative effects. Society had lost their innocence and belief in their traditional faith. Galileo’s battle against the Church was worthwhile for generations to come. Without his inventions, theories, or introduction to the concept of theory experimenting, the world of modern science wouldn’t exist as we know it today.