Climate Change Essay

Climate change is a change in global or regional climate patterns. Most of the cold extremes of the world is experiencing warming at a more rapid pace than its warming extremes. In fact, the true cold season now exists in only the polar extremes of the African continent. Western Africa and Guinea are found to also face a reduction of precipitation while its neighboring regions, although also affected with reduced rainfall, are more prone to extreme rainfall, indicating the effect of the change global warming has brought (Aguilar, Aziz Barry, Brunet, Ekang, Fernandes, Massoukina, & Zhang, 2009).

Climate variability is the short term changes in the average weather patterns and agriculture affect each other. Climate variability and change are

It was in this Geography Society meeting in Lima, Peru where he recounted on how Peruvian Sailors gave this natural phenomena religious meaning due to the fact it is the most noticeable after Christmas (Kovats, 1999). This El Niño, or ENSO, phenomena has been a concern for people from the scientific community and the general public for centuries (Gamarra, 2007). Although this phenomena has been noted since the presence of humans in the Americas, understanding of ENSO is still a mystery since simple models cannot accurately capture the whole occurrence. The most impacted region of El Niño is South America. During an El Niño some areas of South America suffer an increase of temperature due to a rise in the Sea Surface Temperature. Multiple tests are being produced to predict the future occurrences and possible durations of an El Niño event. It is difficult to model and capture the effect of ENSO over a region due to scenarios such as the impact of anthropogenic climate change. The knowledge of ENSO was increasing as the General Circulation Models1 could develop more realistic simulations according with the historical data. Over the years more developed and precise models have been developed to fully capture the impact of this event over various regions of the world (Gamarra,

Understanding variability and trends of precipitation in Ghana is crucial for different socio-economic activities, such as agriculture and hydroelectric power -the main source of energy in the country. Several studies have analyzed rainfall trends in West Africa, identifying a downward propensity for the period 1970-2000. A detailed seasonal analysis of rainfall variability and trends from quality-controlled gauge data is still needed in Ghana (Manzanas, 2014). A "Wet" period from the 1950s to the early 1970s was followed by a dry period characterized by the two great droughts of 1973 and 1984. Between these two periods, the reduction in rainfall was remarkable. In the Sahel region, the reduction in rainfall was not as strong, but was felt more acutely. This vision of course has certain limits, due to the fixed comparative periods. For the Sahelian countries, for example, the dry periods lasted from the early 1970s until the early 1990s. Rainfall has increased, although it remains highly variable (Gnisci, 2006). Ghana presents different rainfall regimes along the country from the coast in the south to the Sahelian region in north. These regimes are mainly defined by the north- and south-ward movement of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone, which brings the African