Demographics of Mumbai city:
Mumbai is the capital city of Indian state Maharashtra. It is the most densely populated with an estimated population of 20 million, according to 2011-2012 census. It is also called as the financial capital of India.
Population growth of Mumbai:
Census Population %+/-
1971 5,970,575 -
1981 8,243,405 38.1
1991 9,925,891 20.4
2001 11,914,398 20.7
2011 12,478,447 4.7
(Source- MRDA, Wikipedia)
Actual situation of Waste management in Mumbai:
The Mumbai city, once a leading industrial centre has now become a tertiary economy, with just one-third of the male workers and one-fifth of the female workers employed in the secondary sector,such as manufacturing and construction in 1999-2000 as per the data from National Sample
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The rag picker plays a prominent role in the segregation of waste , as of which 15% of waste is collected from door-to-door.
Segregation of waste
Community bins:
Collection of waste from community bins is carried out once in 24 hours. There are about 6,300 community dustbins of different designs and construction provided throughout the 5,500 waste collection points in Greater Mumbai for the collection and temporary storage of the all waste other than the debris, silt, etc.,Of the total population of Greater Mumbai, 83 per cent are served by the community bin collection system whereas the Garbage collectors employed by various housing societies manually collect the waste generated at the household level and dump it in the garbage bin at specified street corners.
Street sweeping and collection of waste
The total street length of Mumbai is 1800Km . In Mumbai, there is manual sweeping of all the public roads on a day-to-day basis.In the selected areas like arterial roads and station main roads the work is carried during
Outer islands have dumpsters that are used for trash generated by workers. Most outer island work is occasional and involves few individuals; therefore waste generation is minimal. Dumpsters from Illeginni, Legan and Carlos are replaced at least quarterly, and more frequently if barge transportation is available. Wastes are shipped to the Kwajalein Solid Waste Management Yard for segregation, incineration, and/or landfilling as needed. Dumpsters from Gagan are transported to Roi-Namur for disposal. When special projects take place on these or other outer islands, additional dumpsters and waste receptacles are delivered and used as needed. Wastes from construction projects are removed from the islands at the conclusion of the projects or during the project as needed. No wastes are disposed on these islands with the exception of green wastes which are left to decompose naturally.
Located just outside Rio de Janeiro, Jardim Gramacho, Brazil, is the world’s largest garbage landfill. Waste Land is an academy award winning documentary about a modern artist, Vik Muniz, who journeys from his home base in Brooklyn, New York, to his native Brazil, where he visits the landfill. There he photographs four catadores-pickers of recyclable materials. Muniz’s initial objective was to paint portraits of the catadores using garbage, auction off the portraits, and give the money to the catadores, as his way of giving back to the community. However, his collaboration with these inspiring pickers as they recreate photographic images of themselves out of garbage reveals both dignity and despair as the pickers begin to re-imagine their lives.
Firstly, industrialisation has expanded the employment opportunities in India. People living in rural areas have moved to cities in search of better employment.
Solid waste is normally collected in a solid waste area equipped with compartments or containers for each type of waste.
To alleviate this problem in the future, building assessments are being conducted to determine which buildings need more trash receptacles and the new trash receptacles installed will have a side-by-side recycling bin and non-recycling
Collection of segregated solid waste is scheduled per community. References: https://global.britannica.com/technology/solid-waste-management www.encyclopedia.com/history/united-states-and-canada/us-history/waste-disposal http://www.eschooltoday.com/waste-recycling/what-is-recycling.html https://www.epa.gov/recycle/recycling- basicshttp://solidwastemngt.weebly.com/chapter-ii-rrl.html http://www.recyclingcenters.org/ https://global.britannica.com/technology/solid-waste-management
...ricultural Sector (% of Total Nonagricultural Employment)." Data. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Feb. 2014. .
Dharavi is situated on prime real estate in the heart of Mumbai, encompassing almost 293 hectares and housing between 700,000 and 1.2 million residents (Chatterji 2005, p. 198; Sharma 2000). From a distance, a view of Mumbai city exposes the very stark divide between the rich and abject poor; decrepit informal huts made of mud, brick, asbestos and garbage (Desai 1988, p. 71), set against a backdrop of modern million dollar skyscrapers (figure 1). Contrary to this depiction though, Dharavi also stands out for its lively and prosperous informal economy in small-scale industry, handicrafts and recycling (SPARC 2010); that employs over 80% of Dharavi’s residents and produces an annual turnover of over $500 million a year (BUDD 2009; The Economist 2005, p. 43). As a slum, Dharavi is therefore unique in the fact that it is characterized as both a residential and industrial area, a feature that has greatly influenced both the tolerance and encouragement of its existence (Sharma 2000) .
On May 30th, The scene of Dobi Ghat was televised by Korean famous variety show, ‘The Infinite Challenge.’ It was remarkable because Mumbai is full of tall modern buildings except for Dobi Ghat. According to the artcle wirtten by Kailash Babar, Indian government has carried forward a scheme that redevelopes whole Mumbai city to make Mumbai as huge merchant city (Kailash). Therefore, Indian government is also trying to redevelope the Dobi Ghat but many people oppose redeveloping plan, shouting out ‘great potential in other fuctions’ Although there’s a drift towards redeveloping whole Mumbai city, Indian government should not destroy endemic culture ; Instead, not only inherit the unique culture of India, but also develope Dobi Ghat as sightseeing and protect Dobiwalla depending on Dobi Ghat for their livelihood.
Dombivli being busiest stations on centre line, the Manpada road attracts huge traffic. Kalyan, Dombivli are developed as residential hub of MMR. The area is mainly developed as the job feeder for capital city of Mumbai. Due to major job opportunities but lack of affordable housing in Mumbai, people have shifted away from island city for affordable and better standard of living. Manpada road also serves as link between Navi Mumbai and KDMC. Navi Mumbai being newly developed, it also attracts heavy traffic. Thus adding to its importance.Selection of the most appropriate mass transit mode can be difficult to all those who are interested in a new medium to high-capacity transit system for their city and want to manage the investment and maintenance costs of their new public mass transit system. Buses are the backbone of the public transport system for many cities, and will remain so, for the foreseeable future. A positive reallocation of road space from cars to buses will assist operations and will capitalise on the efficiency of buses in using that road space, but even this option is not available in this case. So instead of growing horizontally, we should focus on growing vertically. The ropeways are ideal in special situations just like
Solid waste pickup services will exist, preventing litter and garbage accumulations. Large fines will be issued if improper garbage and recycling activities are noticed and reported. Almost everything will be recyclable and taken to nearby cities to their recycling plants. Garbage will also be sent out to a nearby dump.
Policy is needed to regulate which course of action should be taken and how it should be implemented. Because of this, many plans and policies revolving around the management of solid waste have been put in place. Sometimes however, a particular policy can have its shortfalls, potentially resulting in its negative aspects outweighing the positive ones. According to the Conference Board of Canada Report, “Canadians dispose of more municipal solid waste per capita than any other country” (2013). Solid waste management in particular, involves many aspects, ranging from packaging waste, food waste, etc. (White & Franke 1999), hence, the following analysis revolves around household and commercial waste – referred to as Municipal Solid Waste (White & Franke. 1999) – in the Greater Vancouver Regional District. Municipal waste is a major health and environmental concern as it contributes to numerous problems like habitat destruction, surface groundwater pollution, and other forms of air, soil, and water contamination. Waste disposal methods like incineration create toxic substances, and landfills emit methane, which contributes to global warming. According to the Zero Waste Objective Report, “The impact of climate change and the increasing awareness of the role of “waste” and “wasting” in the production of greenhouse gas emissions is a constant environmental pressure… (2009). This leads to an increasing limitation of government to prevent and control the volume and toxicity of products in the waste stream and a growing need to shift responsibility to the product manufacturer.
The average resident produces seven and a half pounds of garbage every day that is buried down in landfills and litter lands, costing a great amount of money. Nowadays, people face no more critical problem than the need to save the weakening environment, mainly in urban areas, where solid wastes are uselessly dumped. It has been observed that cities have no controlled structure for garbage disposal. Each year, millions of dollars are spent picking up litter and more is thrown away in valuable materials that could be recycled. As humanity develops new technology and equipment, the level of waste increases every day.
America and Europe are at the top of the list for most waste generated according to Waste (4). This is very visible because there’s litter on every street in the towns and cities, as well in lakes, beaches, and rivers. The book Waste by Rob Bowden states that the amount of waste produced is increasing at a rate faster than population growth. About 1.5 million computers, in the U.K, are thrown away each year and most end up in landfills. There are 3 types of waste which are Municipal Solid Waste, Industrial Waste, and Hazardous waste. MSW includes waste from public garbage cans and local dumpsters. Industrial Waste includes massive amounts of waste water that is contaminated with chemicals. Hazardous waste is the most dangerous as it presents a danger to human health and the environment. Solutions for waste disposal take time because people need to consider their lifestyle and limit the amount of waste they generate. A good start is to recycle items such as paper, cans, plastic, and clothes. This way they don’t end up in landfills, beaches, or streets. Another solution is to join organizations that go around places to recycle, or organizations that demand the reduction in the amount of products that are being
Wastes are the products of our consumptions in our daily life routines such as lunch, work, school and other things we do. Little things such as throwing out a piece of paper, we are producing waste by the seconds. After we consume a product we usually throw out what’s left that can’t be consumed any further. Results in producing waste, substance that are born after it’s been use or consume by us. At the end of each day we throw out a bag full of garbage, all of the materials in that bag (paper towels, cans, leftover foods and many other material’s) all of these are waste. Hospitals produce medical waste such as use needles for treating patients. Corporations produce papers, plastics, tires, steels, cans and many other type of solid waste which contribute to the pollutions that cause health risk and other environmental issues.